POSSIBLE EFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD ON HUMAN HEALTH

ATTENTION:

BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!

INFORMATION:

YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420

WHATSAPP US ON 08137701720

POSSIBLE EFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD ON HUMAN HEALTH

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

For the general public, Council Recommendation of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) fixes basic restrictions and reference levels to electromagnetic fields (EMFs). These restrictions and reference levels are based on the guidelines published by the International Commission on Non Ionising Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) . The ICNIRP guidelines had been endorsed by the Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) in its opinion on health effects of EMFs of 25–26 June 1998 .

For workers, the Council and the Parliament have adopted Directive 2004/40/EC of 29 April 2004 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (EMFs).

In a questionnaire sent to Member States in 2000, all have notified the Commission that they have implemented the provisions of Council Recommendation on the limitation of exposure of the general public to EMFs. The position of the new member states has not yet been ascertained.

The Commission has announced that it intends to prepare a report to the Council on the implementation of the Recommendation, taking account of an earlier report of 2002 on implementation by the then member states.

The Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (CSTEE) was requested to prepare an update of the Scientific Steering Committee’s opinion. The request derived from the increasing exposure to EMF consequent to the further growth in the use of electricity, from the continuous development of the telecommunications industry, and to a rapid increase in the installation of transmitter masts used as radiotelephone base stations. In addition to domestic, industrial and medical electrical appliances and devices, the high voltage overhead transmission lines (and to a lesser extent underground cables) are major sources of exposure to Extremely Low Frequencies (ELF) in the environment. The CSTEE opinion “on Possible effects of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF), Radio Frequency Fields (RF) and Microwave Radiation on human health” , of 30 October 2001, concluded that the information that had become available since the SSC opinion of June 1999 did not justify revision of the exposure limits recommended by the Council .

A substantial number of scientific publications and reviews on the possible health effects of EMF (focusing mostly on mobile telephones) have become available since the CSTEE opinion of 2001, for example the 2002 Dutch report , the 2003 AGNIR report and the 2004 British National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) report on “Mobile phones and health” , which is the most recent of them. The NRPB provided a detailed review of the recent literature and useful contribution to the discussions on whether there are health effects related to the use of mobile phones. The report concluded that there is no hard evidence at present that the health of the public is being adversely affected by mobile phone technologies but uncertainties remain and a continued precautionary approach is recommended until the situation is clarified.

Additional results are expected shortly from Community funded research and development (R&D) activities, from national programmes, and from work within the International EMF Project of the World Health Organisation (WHO).

Community funded R&D comprises direct support to the Joint Research Centre and indirect support to competitive projects under the 5th Framework Programme13 and the 6th Framework Programme (FP6) for Research and Technological Development. Under FP6, the EMF-NET Coordination Action15 brings together European and national EMF programmes. EMF-NET will start publishing its first interpretation reports at the end of 2005. In total, this project will run another three years.

As part of its mission to protect public health and in response to public concern over health effects of EMF exposure, WHO established the International EMF Project16 in 1996 to assess the scientific evidence of possible health effects of EMF in the frequency range from 0 to 300 GHz. The EMF Project encourages focused research to fill important gaps in knowledge and to facilitate the development of internationally acceptable standards limiting EMF exposure.

In view of the amount of scientific evidence that has become available since the publication of the CSTEE of 30 October 2001 and of the Commission’s intention to prepare a report to the Council and the frequency of new scientific publications on the health effects on EMF which require rapid assessment, the SCENIHR is asked to both update the previous opinion of the CSTEE and to continuously monitor new information that may influence the assessment of risks to human health in this area.

Statement of the problem

There may have been previous researches in this subject. This work gives further explanations and analysis in possible effects of electromagnetic field on human health

Objectives of the study
To understand the effects of electromagnetic field on human health
To understand the relationship between electromagnetic field and human health safety

1.4 Research questions