THE NIGERIA POLICE AND NATIONAL SECURITY: A PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS

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THE NIGERIA POLICE AND NATIONAL SECURITY: A PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS

Abstract

This work discusses the Nigeria police and national security: a philosophical analysis. Security of life and property are of the primary purpose of government. 1999 Constitution emphasize that the security and welfare of the people shall be the primary purpose of the government”. The government through the Nigeria police fulfil its obligation of security the nation. This project examines the Nigeria police and the challenges of security in Nigeria. The project adopted survey method. 200 respondents were randomly selected from two local government areas in Rivers state namely; Eleme and Obiakpor. Frequency and simple percentage were used to analyse the data. The findings reveal that poverty, unemployment, leadership and religion are the root causes of insecurity in Nigeria. The project recommends that the effort of the Nigeria police alone cannot curb the rate of insecurity in the nation.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

There is no doubt that the spate of insecurity in the country is alarming. There are several security challenges which cut across the nooks and crannies of the country. The most common one is the terrorists’ attacks in major parts of the Northern region. This according to Achumba, Ighomereho & Akpor-Robaro (2013:79) has made national security threat to be a major issue for the government and has prompted huge allocation of the national budget to security. The rate of violent crimes such as terrorism, kidnapping, armed robbery and banditry, suicide bombing, religious killing, ethnic clashes, politically-motivated killing and other forms of criminal activities in the country is becoming increasingly regular occurrence that characterised life in the nation. Nigeria has consistently ranked low in the Global Peace Index (GPI, 2012), signifying a worsened state of insecurity in the country (Achumba, Ighomereho & Akpor-Robaro, 2013). In the same vein, Onifade, Imhonopi and Urim (2013) assert that the challenges of insecurity has assumed formidable dimensions forcing the country’s political and economic managers and indeed the entire nation to the rue, the loss of their loved ones, investment and absence of safety in most parts of the country. The rate at which innocent blood is wasted on a daily basis and the display of bottled-up frustration by the citizens remains a cause for concern. Nwaze (2011) explains that the rate of blood shed during the Nigeria civil war is a Child’s play compared to the terrorist attacks in few months.

The problem of insecurity in the country seems to have grown beyond government capacity. Uhunmwuangho & Aluforo (2011) in Achumba, Ighomereho & Akpor-Robaro (2013)are of the view that the efforts of the government have not yielded enough positive result. In looking at the causes of this abnormality, Onifade, Imhonopi and Urim(2013)’posited that there is connection between increasing ethnic hate, religious bigotry, political rivalry, and a growing population of disgruntled citizens in the country who feet short-changed and having limited or no access to the common inheritance. The observation of Egwu (2001) in Onifade, Imhonopi and Urim (2013) express the fact that the primordial tendencies of various eruption of various ethnic militias and the pre-ponderant religious fundamentalism in places, given expression to by some sections of the dominant religious establishments in Nigeria have inevitably aggravated the scale and propensity of insecurity and widened its scope in various ramifications.

In addition to the above revelations, various scholars such as Adelakun, (1990); Egwu, (1990); Odekunle, (2005); Aderinde, (2007); Arinze, (2010); and Ajibade, Olapade and Erinosho, (2011) pointed out same factors that are responsible for the spate of insecurity in Nigeria. They argued that the response of the Nigerian state to the crisis of the mass unemployment and fuel crisis have led to the worsening of the crime situation in Nigeria. Also, poverty, unemployment declining income and low savings, which has pushed many retrenched people into a struggle for survival, high rate of inflation, political intolerance on the part of the ruling party as pointed out have contributed not in a small measure to the rate of insecurity in the country.

One of the primary purposes of government of any nation is the provision of security. The role is emphasized in the 1999 constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria that “the security and welfare of the people shall be the primary purpose of the government” (Section 14(2) (b). In performing this role, the government delegate the duty of maintenance of internal security to the Nigeria police. The Nigeria police are by law saddled with the responsibility of preventing and detecting crime, preserving peace and order and enforcing all laws and regulations. They are expected to perform these roles efficiently and effectively. with the high rate of insecurity in the country, the question that borders every mind is whether the police performed these roles as expected of them? Majority of the people are of the opinion that the Nigeria police falls below their standards of performance. They are seeing as a toothless dog that can only bark but not bite. Odekunle, (2014) argued that there is no need to prove the non-performance of the Nigeria police in the present condition. Rather, what is needed is the identification of the major inadequacies, problems and obstacles that are responsible for the situation. The Nigeria police are part and parcel of the civil society. Therefore, aside from other numerous problems which have incapacitate their performance over the years, they have human problems that not only aggravate its material insufficiencies, but are also of tremendous adverse import on its general performance from one day to the next (Odekunle,2004). Poor funding for major development of the force such as training, logistics, arms and ammunitions etc. and under-utilization of funds are cogs in the wheel of adequate police performance. Morality among the police is not a virtue. Alemika (1999) discuss that corruption and extortion among the police is a serious issue because they are expected to be moral as law enforcement agents. In the quest of officers to meet up with mate in the society they ended up slaughtering efficient and effective performance of duty on the slab of corruptions and extortions. Consequently, the project aim towards contributing to various studies on the activities of Nigeria police, its challenges and the challenges of insecurity in the country.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The persistent security problems and the inability of the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) in ensuring security and safety of life and property in the country are worrisome. The sources of security challenges in the country are numerous and cannot be blamed on one part of the system alone. They vary from the government to the police down to the people in the society.

On the part of the police, there are many inadequacies and problems which stand as obstacles responsible for its abysmal performance. Most Nigerians describe police as a motley crowd of lazy, inefficient, corrupt uniformed men and women contributing to the perpetrating of crimes such as mass killing, intimidation, rape, extrajudicial killings/summary execution and other heinous crimes against citizens they are paid to protect ( Uhunmwuangho and Aluforo, 2011). According to Ikeji (2013) that the escalation of violence in the north of Nigeria perpetrated by Boko Haram today is linked with the police extra-judicial killing of the leader of the group, “Mohammed Yusuf” in July 2009 in Borno State.

It is also common with the police to falsely label innocent people as armed robbers, while the real criminals are working freely in the society doing what they know to do best. They falsified post mortem result and to worsen the matter, people either criminals or none criminal disappear from there custody without good explanations and families of the innocent victims are faced with extortion.

The Nigeria police Force (2008) in there annual report noted that the police is handicapped because of combination of factors that plagued them, among which are; lack of resources, poor government support, poor condition of service, lack of appropriate and adequate training and illequipped workforce. Coped with this are the issue of police extortion and corruption and other vices common among the police system which contributes to their lack of efficiency. Alemika (1999) posit that police corruption is a serious issue because they are expected to be moral as law-enforcement agents. If the police which were employed and catered for with the peoples money to protect and detect crimes are themselves corrupt and also a party to crimes, then the society is at the mercy and grace of the criminal. The above among many others contribute to the Police and the challenges of insecurity in the country.

1.3 Objectives of the study

The main objective is of the study is the Nigeria Police and the Challenges of Security in Nigeria and the specific objectives are to;

1. Examine connection(s) between police inefficiency and insecurity in Nigeria.

2. Analysis the factors that contribute to insecurity in the country.

3. Examine the causes/challenges facing the police force. Research Questions

1. Is there any connection(s) between police inefficiency and insecurity in Nigeria.

2. Are there factors that contribute to insecurity in Nigeria?

3. What are the causes of challenges facing Nigeria police ability to curb insecurity?

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