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THE IMPACT USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF CHEMISTRY STUDENTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

TABLE CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

Background to the problem

Statement of the problem

Research question

Hypothesis

Purpose of the study

Significance of the study

Scope of the study

Limitation of the study

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review

Importance of instructional materials

Chemistry laboratory

Summary

CHAPTER THREE

Research design and procedure

Research subject

Sampling procedure

Validity instrument

CHAPTER FOUR

Table one (effect of instructional materials on students generally)

Table two (effect of instructional materials on female students)

Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE

Findings

Recommendation

Suggestion for further studies

Conclusion

REFERENCES

QUESTIONNAIRE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Teachers of yester-year in secondary school in discipline of chemistry relied on few or no instructional materials at all in their teaching. They believe they can force knowledge no matter how unpleasant into the empty brain of the children or pupils. This made learning of chemistry for most pupils become unpleasant superficial learning or no learning at all time.

Chemistry is a source of constant fear for many students in chemistry have fail to recognized the fact that learning should consist of pleasurable activities for the same time, the teachers need to appeal to all their senses (seeing learning smelling and touching). Furthermore, the teachers should also note that ineffective use of instructional materials (like concrete objects hairs textbooks, chalkboard and picture) for teaching chemistry in secondary school has discouraged many students from learning chemistry.

It is important to emphasize once again that chemistry is a “tool” it is real and should be treated as such. The difficulty posed by the chemistry has generated a lot of discussions.

Many people including our educators do not realized that one of the reason why many students perform very poor and below expectation in chemistry is that the schools lack of relevant instructional materials.

Therefore for effective understanding of the subject matter in chemistry and for students to perform better in chemistry in Nigeria school examination, there is the need to examine the impact or effect of instructional materials on students performance in chemistry with the aim of stimulating the interest of the students in the subject it is well known among educators that the education experience involving the learners activity participating in concrete examples can retain longer than abstract experience. The instructional materials add element of reality by proving such concrete examples. The teaching of chemistry course has always been based on a limited knowledge based, and as a result the utilization of instructional materials among teachers often rely on traditional isolation of the classroom setting provide access to expensive resources and improve overall productivity.

Saye (2006) to achieve the desire outcome with the utilization of technology, the teaching of chemistry must focus not only on making teachers competent at using such technology but at the same time promote strategies that enable the integrated of technology. Bolick et al (2008) pointed to a precarious relationship between the teaching of chemistry and utilization of instructional materials. They argued that while some educators have been fascinated by the potential media to enhance teaching and learning many schools have lagged behind in assimilating instructional materials into instruction. Others express doubt that instructional materials will ever in like instructional reform in chemistry. They stated that this conflict has led some researchers to conclude that chemistry has not applicably changed as a result of instructional materials.

The technology in secondary schools instruction has been widely researched but many questions still remain unanswered.

Research in various relevant areas is still needed. Educators are asking if the use of instructional materials will make a difference in the performance of students. At the same time, teachers are asking if there exist the best tool to assist in the course of delivery. The learning environment of a classroom assisted by instructional technology is different from one without technology and the question remains regarding the benefit of technology in the classroom. Do that means that students are actively engage in learning? Would the thinking skills among students and facilitate the preferred inquiry based learning: the teaching and strategies and the curriculum are all affected by the inclusion of instructional materials and research would continue to add new information and shape to the evolution of instructional technology in the classroom. Active learning in chemistry involves providing the opportunities for students for participate meaningfully by talking and listening, writing, reading and reflecting on the content, unfortunately many classrooms continue to be dominated by a single medium and this is usually the printed textbooks. This dominance prevents teachers from reaching all students, instead if forced them to cater for those who find the texts accessible and this creates barriers for those who do not. There are further consequences. Even though students are able to access. The are missing, there are media readily available that are more suitable for communicating, student’s preferences and proclivities for certain media and tools can plan an important role in depending their engagement and enhancing their learning experiences.

Collecting and maintaining a sufficiently varied assortment of traditional media that would allow us to create an optimal instruction environment for every student in unit of curriculum would be incredibly costly insurmountable logistic problem. More instructional materials is not a reasonable alternative. Teachers do not necessarily need more media but what they need while worth and Benson (2003) indicate that there is a need for research on the use and effectiveness of instruction media in chemistry classroom that would enhance chemistry education.

The effective usage of instructional; media has dramatically increased in the last two decades. According to Abu Jabber (2004) the importance of instructional materials for both teachers and students cannot be over emphasized. In chemistry the use of instruction media is essential to support learning because chemistry are concerned about little calculation which cannot be easily empresses without the support of video and picture etc. Corsor point out the use of instructional materials in chemistry, classroom widens the channel of communication between teachers and their students the instructional materials allow the growth of specific learning abilities and motor skills. The use of charts and model enable the teachers to present and illustrate many physical phenomenal and issue easily and at some time, allows them to focus attention on the characteristics of objects. In computer based instructional the use of such media chemistry lesson are imperative as it makes a valuable contribution to the quality of students learning such media can be used in several ways in chemistry lesson. Power point for instance can used to present chemistry issues (diagram) Recece and Walker (2001) also pointed out that similarly effective learning to the professional use of visual aids

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

(a) Are there any significant difference in performance of students taught with the use of instructional materials and these taught without instructional materials

(b) Does the availability of instructional materials contribute anything to students academic achievement in chemistry

1.3 RESEARCH QUESTION

In this study attempt would be made to solve some question generated to guide in the analysis of the data foe study. These include.

(a) Can all forms of instructional materials be used by the students

(b) What form of instructional materials can be used by the students

(d) How accessible is the instructional materials to the teacher

(e) What is the effect of the use of instructional materials on the performance of the chemistry students

1.4 HYPOTHESIS

The hypothesis generated is:

(1) will there be any significant different in the achievement or perfor4mance of students taught with the aid of instructional materials and that of students taught without instructional materials

(2) Will there be any significant difference in the achievement or performance of female students taught with aid of instructional materials and female students taught without the use of instructional materials.

1.5 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

(1) To compare, the performance or achievement of the students taught using without the use of instructional materials

(2) To see, if instructional materials contribute anything positive to students academic achievement or performance in chemistry

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Owning to the effective roles which chemistry plays in the technological advancement of nation, a study that seeks to make the learning of chemistry easier is a world-wide effort. This study is a paramount importance in the teaching and learning of chemistry, because it attempts to clarify of the use of instructional materials and effectiveness of those materials in teaching of chemistry. The study is also important of instruction media are really needed for the teaching of chemistry valuable suggestion would be made to the government, parent, teachers and students alike in the use of instructional materials in our schools. Those suggestions will form part of the recommendation from the study.

1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study covers the chemistry students in Nigeria using Irele Local Government in Ondo State as a case study. These schools are selected because it has chemistry students Ito Junior Secondary School. The purpose sampling will be used to select all the teachers both male and female this makes a total of about 40 teachers.

1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Instructional materials: These are media or material use for teaching such as textbook, real objects charts, model, photograph, audio records, and tapes microfilms video tapes, blackboard etc.

Teaching Objectives: The goals which the teacher wants to achieve while teaching

Examination: A test of knowledge or ability to verify what s person is capable of doing offer a teaching process. Have taken place.

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