THE STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF CHEMISTRY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

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THE STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF CHEMISTRY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

This project work is another contribution to the already existing and numerous done and those still under way into the study of the causes of low academic performance of secondary school students in this attempt of trying to discuss the relationship between teaching strategies and the academic performance of secondary school students. The term “teaching strategies” refers to the general pedagogy and management style used for classroom instruction. A teacher choice of teaching strategies should not only be based on what fits/suits him or her but also putting into consideration the subject area, schools mission statement, class demography etc. academic performance on the other hand according to the Encyclopedia Britanica (2009) academic performance as an act or a process of display in the level of understanding a knowledge of what has been learnt as a student especially while studying in schools. Irrespective of the schools physical beauty or magnificence, it is of great benefit to know to know that the student’s academic performance depends also on the teaching strategies adopted by the class teacher.

The choice of teaching strategies according to Wikipedia may also depend largely on the information that the teacher or instructor intends to pass across to the members/students in his/her class, the skill that is to be taught, and it may also be influenced by the attitude and level of enthusiasm of the class/students. In the last decade, scholars has attempted to see hour and why there has been a downward growth in the level of performance of secondary school age with the high rate of failure displayed by results of examinations conducted by external examinational bodies e.g Jamb, WAEC, NECO does it mean that the strategies of instruction are obsolete and needs revisions, or is the assertion true that Nigerian students are drill? Or is it because these students have no passion for education/learning? Or is a likely, that the system of education in Nigeria generally does not favour this generation of scholars. In this study an indepth analysis will be done to analyze this menace that is eating up the educational system.

TATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

Seeing the degree of poor performance put on in recent years by students of the secondary school age writing either the NECO, WAEC, NABTEB, GCE or JAMB, one is compelled to ask some series of questions. A number of studies have been done to check the students responsibility when they fail, revisions of the curriculum systems have also been done but the level of the menace seems to be on the rise as the years come and go and raising another generation of students but non or little have been done on whether to known how much the teachers mode, means and method of instruction can affect the students performance.

Methodology and procedure

In this research the researcher among other methods will use the descriptive research method. The descriptive research is concerned with the collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of data for the purpose of describing vividly existing conditions, prevailing practices and beliefs, attitudes, on-going procures etc. the descriptive research goes beyond the description of the conditions or phenomena to include discovery of meaning. It also focuses a discovery of trends that are developing. The main objectives of descriptive research is to get detailed and factual information about issues, events, problems and describe the events as they are.

The descriptive research method enabled the researcher to describe in a systematic manner assessment of the challenges in studying agricultural sciences by students in public senior secondary schools. The essentials of the descriptive research cannot be over-looked, it is a research that gives the true picture of the whole situation or problem. It gives the basis for eliciting possible policies for alleviating problems. It also saves time. The data for the descriptive analysis was generated through various types of data collection; they are interviews, which are structured interview and unstructured interview, also through an empirical investigation. They all will be discussed below.

INTERVIEWS:

Interviews involve eliciting information from the respondent through some verbal interaction between the interview and the respondent. It is a face to face interaction situation in which one person the interviewer questions, which are responded to orally. The questions which are properly framed, allows the respondent easy understanding of the information that are being sort for.

The empirical investigation

The researcher will conduct a detailed empirical investigation in selected secondary schools. The method here was based on sustained participant observation approach (Scott, 1965). Data were collected through interviews, study of secondary material and observation. The observation is an investigation method used to obtain direct information method used to obtain direct information on the behavior of individuals, objects or situations. It involves watching people, situations phenomena and getting first-hand information relating to particular aspects of such people, events, situations or phenomena.

Information relating to certain aspects of human behavior can only be obtained in the particular settings where such behaviors are exhibited. Use of interviews are discussed above. Secondary materials are those source of information which other people did not participate or witness the events. The author of a secondary source material tries to collect and synthesize a pool of materials, which include encyclopedia, dictionaries, textbooks, journals and periodicals, newspapers and magazines as well as publications. Extensive use was made of personnel interviews. In this research the researcher concentrated on focused interviews. This involved the use of guided questionnaire sheet which are designed to assist the researcher to obtain desired information from the respondents. This technique was aimed at giving the respondents the freedom to answer questions asked, while the interviewer occasionally directed the discussion towards the course that will enable him obtain the required information.

Reliability of data collected

Interviews used will be the structured interviews and unstructured interview. The structured interview is a rigidly standardized and formal kind of interview. The questions were presented to the different respondents, in the same order and choice of alternative responses, and it is restricted to predetermined list. The structured approach allowed for reliable data analysis. In the unstructured interview, which is a flexible type of interview which contains very few restrictions on the respondent’s answers, the respondents were encouraged to express their thoughts freely.

The secondary materials that were studies were those relating to internal topic. These include textbooks, publications of government, newspapers, journals and periodicals. The textbooks were gotten from the library to provide detailed information and knowledge. Generally, the textbooks provided interpretation in the topic. The government publications like books, pamphlets, e.t.c. from different government agencies and parastatals contain very rich information concerning the topic, they included statistical reports, research reports, official reports, laws and other materials that are not readily available elsewhere.

The newspapers on the other hand provided current information concerning peoples’ views and opinions in the area of study. The formed valuable sources of information from where good ideas have been obtained to be helpful in designing and executing a very good work

RESEARCH DESIGN

In this study, the research method will have great emphasis toward the descriptive sample survey. This approach was adopted here because the researcher worked with a much number of potential variable of interest with little previous knowledge of theory that would inform us on where to begin. It is considered that a more flexible and exploratory approach will be needed.

A possible compromise between the exploratory research of the single participant observer and a much more systematic and standardized approach is the descriptive sample survey. In this sample survey, a premium is placed on certain kinds of standardization, here the research was concerned with the methodology areas.

This final to collect data in such a way that all respondents are confronted with rarely identical questions.This seems is concerned with sampling are the question of generalization in making results. The third is with specifying standard criterion for data analysis procedure so that different analysis may reach similar conclusion based on the available data.

Population of the study

The population that will be affected states is two hundred and fourteen (200), the information was obtained from the records of various sources.

Instrument for data collection

Two instruments will be used in the study and it yields a lot of contribution and contents.

i. Oral Interview: The research used face-to-face interview with the interviews with the respondents to obtain the necessary information needed from the organization.

ii. Questionnaire: The research used questionnaires to gather information from the respondents. The questionnaire contains difference questions. Some option from which the respondents were, required to choose

Reliability of the instrument

The instrument will be subjected to test, retest reliability test. The result showed a good internal consistency.

Methods of data collection

The data for this study will be obtained from primary data where obtained from respondents, through direct interview and questionnaire method.

The secondary data were obtained through the stocks of material from the researchers’ friends and associates and National library. More so, an experience from observation was very helpful in this research work.

Methods of data analysis

The analysis of data was organized along the following lines. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to indicate percentage scores of all the respondents. The calculation of respondents will be equally drawn up on the table.

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