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HUMAN SECURITY AS GOVERNANCE TOOL-THE ROAD TO LASTING SECURITY IN IMO STATE(SOUTH EAST NIGERIA)
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
“Human security, in its broadest sense, embraces far more than the absence of violent conflict. It encompasses human rights, good governance, access to education and health care and ensuring that each individual has opportunities and choices to fulfill his or her potential. Every step in this direction is also a step towards reducing poverty, achieving economic growth and preventing conflict. Freedom from want, freedom from fear, and the freedom of future generations to inherit a healthy natural environment — these are the interrelated building blocks of human and therefore national security.”
From the viewpoint of academics, one can attempt to factor threats to human security into the following broad features: (1) Economic Security – unemployment, job insecurity, income inequality, inflation, etc (2) Food Security – the problems of physical and economic access to food; (3) Health Security – threats to life and health and inadequate access to healthcare services; (4) Environmental Security – the degradation of the ecosystems, pollution of water, air and soil; (5) Personal Security – physical violence, war, discrimination, domestic violence, child abuse; (6) Community Security – ethnic tensions and violent conflicts; (7) Political Security – state repression and violation of human rights (UNDP, 1994:24-33 (to reference).
Social Security- lack of safeguards or safety nets and protective measures to shield not only workers in the organised sectors but other citizens who are in dire need of food, clothing, shelter and education.
Theoretically, it may be convenient to differentiate between state security and human security, but they are so intertwined that for security operatives in the field, it is difficult to draw the line.
One thing that is very clear is that human security and national development are so inextricably linked that all members of society are required to participate as players.
It is important to point out that what constitutes a nation are the people. The people form the communities; hamlets, villages, towns and cities that in turn constitute the Local Governments, in the case of Nigeria.
The LGAs form the states (regions or provinces) and which in turn make up the nation. Human security is therefore the security of the nation.
Security, whether personal or national, is the defining element of a state. The first mandate of a state is the security of the nation and its people. Nations exist primarily for one thing; the protection of their peoples and their means of livelihood.
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