EFFECT OF CHALLENGE AND ACTIVITY BASED APPROACHES ON STUDENTS LEARNING OUTCOMES IN WELDING AND FABRICATION CRAFT PRACTICE IN TECHNICAL COLLEGES

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EFFECT OF CHALLENGE AND ACTIVITY BASED APPROACHES ON STUDENTS LEARNING OUTCOMES IN WELDING AND FABRICATION CRAFT PRACTICE IN TECHNICAL COLLEGES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Educational from the beginning has been a strong instrument of change towards our economic, social, political and technology development.

In the past years, Nigeria has realized that she can attain self reliance through technological advancement and so has placed serious emphasis on technology education (Eze 1996) technical or vocational education is one of he form of education that is in existence before the introduction of western education in Nigeria. Oshuala (1995:145) stated that technical education is an education designed at upper secondary and lower tertiary levels to prepare middle level personnel and at university level to prepare engineers and technologists for higher management positions. The advanced Learner’s Dictionary as cited in Okorie (1981:29) referred to technical education as “the phase of education which seeks to help the students acquire special mechanical or manipulative skills required in industrial arts or applied science”. A more detailed definition of technical education was provided by the committee on research and publications of the American Vocational Association which stated that vocational education is “education designed to develop skills, abilities, understanding attitudes, work habits and appreciations encompassing knowledge and information needed by workers to enter and make progress in employment on a useful and productive basis”. They are various skills taught as part of informal education, these are farming, weaving, sculpturing, blacksmithing and so on.

When the missionaries introduced western education, they aimed at teaching Christian ethics, reading, writing, arithmetic and later it was expanded and they introduced, farming, block laying and carpentry as part of western education but these skills were not seriously regarded by pupils and parents as an integral part of western education and the practice virtually died out before the turn of the present century.

The introduction of this course in Government Technical College Kaduna State marks the beginning of organized technical and vocational education in Nigeria. It also marked the beginning of welding and fabrication craft practice. To be sincere, the importance of welding and fabricationcraft practice cannot be over emphasized because effective technological education serves as a powerful instrument for national development.

The national policy on education (1971) defines technical education as aspect of education which leads to the acquisition of practical and applied skill as well as basic scientific knowledge. Engineering technology is important for the support it gives directly or indirectly to man for her existence ad economical development for comfort. Technology contributes very remarkably to the government revenue and foreign exchange earning. These is however no doubt that the technology is a basic foundation for our welfare sound economic development and technological advancement.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PRBLEMS

It is found that the objective for which welding and fabricationcraft was introduced or established in our various Government technical colleges more especially in Kaduna State is almost dying out in Kaduna State. In this course the researcher has taken interest to study the factors that militate against the teaching of welding and fabrication craft practice in Government Technical Colleges in Kaduna State.

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

This study tends to investigate the factor militating against the teaching of welding and fabricationcraft practice in government technical colleges in Kaduna State. Particularly, the study will tend to determine.

1. The qualification of teachers teaching the course.

2. the quality of laboratory and workshop equipment

3. the level of students interest in the craft.

4. financing of the course/craft.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This research work is aimed of investigating the factors militating against the teaching of welding and fabricationcraft practice in government technical colleges in Kaduna urban and Nsukka. It is limited to how financing, poorly equipped libraries, workshop, classroom, teachers contribute to the factors which militate against the teaching of welding and fabricationgovernment technical colleges in Kaduna State.

1.5 SIG NIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study helps the government, parents an the entire society to know the importance of welding and fabricationcraft practice in Government technical colleges in Kaduna State. Also the study will help to achieve the aims and objectives for which the course was introduced, that is “to produce individuals that are technologically equipped to man the various sectors of our economy.

1.6 RESEACH QUESTIONS

The following research questions will guide the study and will be used to tackle the problems.

1. Does your school have enough facilities for workshops, lab. Work, research and class space?

2. Are all your technical teachers adequately trained?

3. How adequately does government fund welding and fabrication craft programmes?

4. How often do you practice welding and fabrication craft work?

1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This research project was intended for only government technical college in Kaduna and Nsukka to limited time interval and financial constraint.

This course welding and fabrication craft is not that old in this state and as a result, there is no enough literature about this craft, for this reason, the research has actually made use of oral discussion, counterview articles and the news media to gather information.

However, the finding and recommendations made here will be of general application to the government technical colleges in the other part of the country that have welding and fabrication department.

1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Finance: This is the management of money resources for educational purposes.

2. Funding: This means supplying stock or sum of money in financial dealings on education.

3. Adequacy and Qualification of Teachers: Adequacy here means sufficiency, enough and suitably while qualification is an attributes of competency. The variable therefore means sufficient, enough, suitable and competent teachers.

4. Well Equipped Workshop: A workshop is a building where any work or craft is carried out. A well equipped workshop is therefore a building that has all the requisite materials and facilities necessary for the learner to develop manipulative and constructive skills.

5. Well Equipped Laboratories: A laboratories is a building or room designed for scientific investigations or experimentation, a place where chemical (or medicine) are prepared. A well equipped laboratory is one that has all the necessary equipment and facilities for experimentation.

1.9 WELL EQUIPPED LIBRARY

A library is a collection of books or physic cal accommodation/room in which such a collection of books is housed. A well equipped library therefore means a collection of relevant textbooks as well as educative materials like film slides, records tapes and so on.

This means the research area from which sample is selected “sample” a smaller part of the research area selected to represent the population.Technical college a secondary school offering technical subject aimed at skills and ability development.

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