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STUDIES OF MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF SOYBEAN {Glycine max (L) Merril) AND THEIR CONTROL IN SAMARU ZARIA
ABSTRACT
Field experiments were conducted for a two-year period (1994 and 1995), during the wet season at Samaru (between 11°11’N and 07°38’E) to study the effect of post flowering insecticidal treatments and frequencies of application on insect pest infestation, damage and yield of soybean. The effect of planting dates and spacings on insect infestation and damage to soybean were also studied. The major insect pests identified during the vegetative phase were Ootheca mutabilis salhb and Pygomorpha vignaudi Geur. At the reproductive stage were the pod sucking bugs; Nezara viridula L., Agonoscelis versicolor (Fab.), Halydicoris ventralis (Dall) and Sphaerocoris annulus (Fab.). The population of the pod sucking bugs was below the economic threshold level. Insecticides and frequencies of application had no significant effect on mean insect population, although treated plots had lower insect population than the control. The percentage defoliation and pod damage were below the threshold level. There was non significant difference between insecticides and frequencies of application on percentage defoliation and pod damage. Soybean yield parameters such as number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield per hectare were not significantly affected by insecticidal treatments and frequencies of application. Planting dates and spacings had no significant effect on the mean number of 0. mutabilis and P. vignaudi per plant and number of pod sucking bugs per plot. Percentage pod damage and seed damage index showed non-significant response to planting dates and spacings. Planting dates had significant effect on some soybean yield parameters such as shelling percentage and seed yield. The significant difference in these parameters are not attributable to insect infestation and damage as there was no significant difference between the planting dates in respect of insect infestation and damage. Climatic factors particularly rainfall pattern and distribution influenced soybean yield more than insect infestation and damage.
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