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SCHOOL VARIABLES AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF BIOLOGY STUDENTS IN CALABAR MUNICIPALITY OF CROSS RIVER STATE
ABSTRACT
The study examined School Variables and academic performance of secondary school students in Biology in Calabar municipality, Cross River State. One theory and relevant literature was reviewed. Four null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Ex-post facto design was used as the research design. A 15-item questionnaire was used for data collection and to measure students’ academic performance. All the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance at varied degrees of freedom. The result showed that school variable has impacted positively on academic performance of secondary school students in biology. Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, it was recommended that school variable enhances students’ academic performance in school.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE i
CERTIFICATION ii
DECLARATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
ABSTRACT vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES xi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the study 1
1.2 Theoretical framework 5
1.3 Statement of the problem 6
1.4 Purpose of the study 7
1.5 Research questions 8
1.6 Research hypothesis 8
1.7 Assumptions of the study 9
1.8 Significance of the study 10
1.9 Limitation of the study 11
1.10 Delimitation 11
1.11 Definition of terms 12
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Teacher-students relationship and academic
performance of students in Biology 14
2.2 Students-students relationship and academic
performance in Biology 17
2.3 Teachers’ qualification and students’ academic
performance in Biology 18
2.4 Availability of facilities and student’s academic
performance in biology 21
2.5 Summary of literature review 22
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research design 25
3.2 Research area 26
3.3 Population of the study 27
3.4 Sampling techniques 27
3.5 Sample 28
3.6 Instrumentation 29
3.6.1 Validity of instrument 30
3.6.2 Reliability of instrument 30
3.7 Procedure for data collection 31
3.8 Data preparation/scoring 32
3.9 Procedure for data analysis 33
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Presentation and interpretation of results 36
4.2 Summary of findings 45
4.3 Discussion 45
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary of the study 50
5.2 Conclusion 52
5.3 Recommendation 53
5.4 Suggestions for further studies 54
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
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