ATTENTION:

BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!

INFORMATION:

YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COST N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR

YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420

WHATSAPP US ON: 08168759420

THE PREVALENCE OF POULTRY DISEASE AND ITS MORTALITY RATE IN UYO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Agriculture in Nigeria has remained the largest sector contributing nearly 39% to the gross domestic product for the past two decades and employing nearly

60% of its workforce. Over 80% of the country’s population in the rural areas is directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture for its livelihood (NBC,2005).

The Nigeria livestock resources consist of 13,885,813 cattle; 34,453,724 Goat; 22,092, 602 sheep; 3,406,381 pigs; 104,247,960 poultry (Rim, 1992). From these

figures, poultry is about 58. 72% of the total livestock production which indicates the place of poultry sub-sections in the livestock industry.

Poultry plays an important economic, nutritional and socio-cultural role in the livelihood or rural household in many developing countries including Nigeria.

Poultry are birds that include fowl, turkey, duck, goose, ostrich guinea fowl, pigeon etc. which render not only economic services but contribute significantly

to human food as a primary supplier of meat, egg, raw materials for industries (feathers, waste products), source of income and employment to people

compare to other domestic animals (Avila 1985; Demehe, 2004).

Poultry meat and eggs play a very useful role in protein production in Nigeria. They are palatable and generally acceptable. This acceptability cuts across

nearly all cultural region boundaries in Nigeria. Poultry industry plays important role in the development of Nigeria economy. Poultry production has become

a full time job for many Nigerians and significantly contribute to the Groose National Product (GNP) (Umeh and Odo; 2002). Poultry products mainly meat

and eggs represent important food for improving the nutritional status particularly of the most vulnerable populations-children and pregnant women.

Poultry production is an important part of farming in many parts of the world. The major attracting factor in poultry production is probably the tendency of

providing a fairly rapid return on capital (Abdulkali; 2002).

The poultry industry in Nigeria has recorded considerable expansion in recent time (FAO, 2000). For example, the creation of Akwa Ibom State in 1987 and the

increased activities of oil and gas companies in the area with the resultant improvement in the demand for animal protein especially in the form of poultry

products. This has led to the establishment of poultry farms which are located in Uyo agricultural zone of the state. While overall national increase in poultry

production has probably triggered o

vigorous research into alternative and cheaper feed resources urgently needed to sustain such growth: there is the

need to continually focus attention on the health of the animals in other to realize the full potential of the industry (Fasami; 1990).

Poultry diseases remain one of the major threats to boosting poultry production in Nigeria (Halle et al., 1998; Laseinde, 2002). Poultry diseases continue to

play major central role in hampering its development (FAO, 1998; Rushton et al, 1999) The impact of diseases on animal agriculture is typically assessed in

quantitative terms. In poultry industry examples of these terms include lost revenues, costs of vaccination/prevention, eradication decontamination and

restocking. These have been referred to as a negative input (Unrusfield, 1995). In Nigeria, diseases are among the major factors that hinder poultry

development (Alanargot, 1987; Alemu, 1995).

A lot of losses in poultry have been linked to diseases causing agents such as viruses, bacteria and parasites. It has been estimated that more than 750 million

chicken, guinea fowls and duckling in Africa die each year as a result of various infections (Sonaiya 1990). Although somewhat in birds parasitic has been

achieved by commercial production system mostly due to improved housing hygiene and management practices, the prevalence of infectious diseases is still

very rampant (Pandry et at: 1992). Nigeria has a comparatively well developed poultry industry for West African Nation.

Apantaku (2006) described this trend to the low level of poultry production in comparison to the level of poultry technologies being generated by Nigerian

poultry researchers. The prevailing situation became worsen in 2006 by the reported outbreak of highly pathogenic and viral diseases like Avian influenza,

Newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease and coccidiosis. Obayelu (2007) reports that the diseases outbreak led many poultry farmer into psychological

breakdown due to losses incurred and also aected

animal protein intake of a large sector of Nigeria population.

Major limitations confronting the industry are numerous. The problems confronting the poultry industry in Nigeria include disease, low egg production, poor

chick quality, poor weight gain, lack of capital, management problems etc (Van et al.; 1995; Apan taku et al; 1998; Ojo; 2003). Other problems include high

cost of drugs and equipment such as battery cases, high cost of feeding, increasing cost of medications, marketing and lack of storage facilities as well as

unfriendly government policy and finance. Sources of economic losses in poultry include lack of technical know-how, poor quality feed, poor housing,

mismanagement and of great significance, disease outbreak which had received tremendous attention (Adekumisi et al; 1996; Torimiiro et. al., 2002).

Despite the economic significance of the diseases to the commercial and small scale poultry producers in the country, no substantial research has been done

to asses its economic losses. With the increasing interest in poultry production evidenced by the proliferation in poultry farms, it is pertinent to continually

evaluate the prevalence rate and management issues associated with common poultry disease such as Avian influenza, Newcastle disease, infectious bursal

disease and coccidiosis.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The incidence of poultry diseases in Nigeria has led many poultry farmers into psychological breakdown due to losses incurred. Poultry diseases has a gross

attack rate on commercial poultry production. Culling birds in order to eradicate and control the spread of the diseases has negatively aected

the

livelihoods of all classes of poultry owners and producers. Such an impact is most serious on the smaller family producer and commercial producer whom

poultry production is their sole of income generation. Eects

of poultry diseases on the economy. Where market is lost through the reduced rate to export,

restriction of movement of birds and the closing of some domestic markets is especially the constraint which aect

the income generating ability of smaller

producers in the zone (Mettzer et al., 1999). The non consumption of poultry meat as well as its products has also aected

animal protein intake in the large

sector of the population. The most pronounced aect

is the sharp decline in demand as people avoided eating and demanding for poultry product out of fear

of being infected (WHO, 2004a). The survivability of poultry industry in Nigeria is very low due to poor management techniques embarked upon by rural

poultry farmers, and outbreak of seasonally defendant diseases that can account for high chick losses and mortality.

1.3 Purpose of the Study

The study is aimed at examining the prevalence rate of poultry diseases and mortality of flock in the study area. Specifically the study seeks the following

objectives.

1. To determine the prevalence rate of Avian influence and its mortality rate on poultry in Uyo Local Government Area.

2. To determine the prevalence rate of Newcastle Disease and it mortality rate on poultry in Uyo Local Government Area.

3. To determine the prevalence rate of infectious Bursal disease and its mortality rate on poultry in Uyo Local Government Area.

4. To determine the prevalence rate of coccidiosis and its mortality rate on poultry in Uyo Local Government Area.

1.4 Research Questions

1. What is the prevalence rate of Avian influenza and its mortality rate on poultry on Uyo Local Government Area?

2. What is the prevalence rate of Newcastle diseases and its mortality rate on poultry in Uyo Local Government Area.

3. What is the prevalence rate of infectious Bursal disease and its mortality rate on poultry in Uyo Local Government Area.

4. What is the prevalence rate of coccidiocsis and its mortality rate on poultry in Uyo Local Government Area.

1.5 Significance of the Study

1. The finding of this study will motivate the farmer to produce quality and disease free products capable of meeting the nutritional requirement of

address the problems of malnutrition, food insecurity low income and poverty as a whole.

2. Nigerian policy makers and Animal Health Professionals will benefit from the study as the studies will expose them to the cause of major epidermis

seen each year resulting in death of many birds, and this knowledge will enable more precise disease control planning.

3. The study will provide valuable data to the scientist for epidemiogical studies both logically throughout Nigeria through collaboration. The data will

also assist them with a role informing animal health and disease control policy.

4. The study will be significant in the training of farmers on improve livestock breeds for the gradual upgrading of local breeds.

5. This study will help to increase productivity of poultry farms which in turn will create job opportunity to the community and reduce the cost of

production. Also the more progressive or productive the poultry farm is, the more produce will be supplied to the market for distribution.

6. The study will help the community dwellers and those practicing poultry on subsistence level in Uyo Local Government Area by teaching them poultry

management practices and approaches which can be used to achieve improved performance in their business.

1.6 Delimitation of the Study

This study is delimited to prevalence of diseases and the mortality rate of poultry in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State only four infectious

diseases of poultry are being surveyed in the study i.e Avian influence, (AI), Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro), Newcastle disease (ND) and coccidiosis (C).

1.7 Operational Definition of Terms

Important terms relevant to this study is operationally defined as follows;

Prevalence: This is the proportion of a population found to have a condition (typically a disease or risk factor) at a specific time.

Poultry disease: This is a disease that alict

poultry.

Mortality rate: This is the number of deaths due to a disease divided by the total population.

Avian Influenza: This is a disease caused by any of many dierent

strains of influenza viruses that have adapted to a specific host.

Newcastle disease: This is an acute viral disease of poultry marked by respiratory diiculty,

reduced egg production and, in chicks, paralysis.

Infectious bursal disease (IBD, Gumboro): This is an acute, highly contagious viral infection in chickens manifested by

HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERICAL(S)

After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to

08068231953 or 08168759420

(1)    Your project topics

(2)     Email Address

(3)     Payment Name

(4)    Teller Number

We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert

BANK ACCOUNTS

Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI

Account Number: 0046579864

Bank: GTBank.

OR

Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI

Account Number: 3139283609

Bank: FIRST BANK

FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:

08068231953 or 08168759420

AFFILIATE LINKS:

easyprojectmaterials.com

googleprojectsng.blogspot.com

myprojectsng.blogspot.com.ng

https://projectmaterialsng.blogspot.com.ng/
https://foreasyprojectmaterials.blogspot.com.ng/
https://mypostumes.blogspot.com.ng/
https://myeasymaterials.blogspot.com.ng/
https://eazyprojectsmaterial.blogspot.com.ng/
https://easzprojectmaterial.blogspot.com.ng/

easyprojectmaterials.com.ng

http://graduateprojects.com.ng/

http://freshprojects.com.ng/

http://info247.com.ng/

By admin

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *