ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND ITS ASSOCIATED HEALTH RISKS AMONG RESIDENTS OF APAPA LGA OF LAGOS STATE

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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND ITS ASSOCIATED HEALTH RISKS AMONG RESIDENTS OF APAPA LGA OF LAGOS STATE

Abstract

Environmental pollution is a growing global concern, and its impact on public health is a critical issue that requires urgent attention. This study investigates environmental pollution and its associated health risks among residents of Apapa Local Government Area (LGA) in Lagos State, Nigeria. Apapa, being a major industrial and commercial hub, faces unique environmental challenges that may pose risks to the health of its residents.

The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of air and water quality parameters with qualitative data obtained through surveys and interviews. Air quality is assessed by measuring concentrations of particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3). Water quality parameters include microbial contamination, heavy metals, and chemical pollutants in selected water sources.

In addition to environmental monitoring, surveys and interviews are conducted among residents to assess their awareness of environmental pollution, perceived health impacts, and adaptive strategies employed. The study also investigates the correlation between pollution levels and reported health issues.

Preliminary findings reveal elevated levels of air and water pollutants in the study area, exceeding recommended standards. Residents express varying levels of awareness and concern regarding environmental pollution, with reported health issues such as respiratory problems, skin diseases, and gastrointestinal disorders. The qualitative analysis provides insights into residents’ coping mechanisms and perceptions of environmental risks.

The study’s significance lies in its potential to inform environmental management policies, public health interventions, and community engagement strategies. By understanding the specific environmental challenges faced by residents of Apapa LGA, this research contributes to the broader discourse on the nexus between environmental pollution and public health in urban settings, especially those characterized by industrial activities. The findings aim to facilitate evidence-based decision-making for mitigating environmental pollution and protecting the health and well-being of the residents in Apapa LGA and similar urban contexts.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Environmental pollution is a multifaceted challenge with far-reaching implications for public health, especially in urban areas marked by industrial and commercial activities. Apapa Local Government Area (LGA) in Lagos State, Nigeria, stands as a significant emblem of such urban complexity. Historically known for its bustling seaports, heavy industrial operations, and commercial enterprises, Apapa faces environmental challenges that may pose health risks to its residents. The intersection of industrial activities, vehicular emissions, and waste management issues underscores the urgency of understanding the environmental pollution landscape and its potential health ramifications.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Apapa LGA, being a hub of economic activities, is confronted with environmental pollution arising from diverse sources, including air and water contaminants. The presence of heavy industries, high vehicular traffic, and inadequate waste management infrastructure raises concerns about the quality of the environment and its impact on the health of the residents. Despite the evident environmental stressors, a comprehensive investigation into the specific pollutants, their concentrations, and the associated health risks among the residents is lacking. This study aims to bridge this gap by systematically exploring the environmental pollution landscape in Apapa and its potential health implications.

1.3 Research Questions

What are the prevalent sources and types of environmental pollution in Apapa LGA?

What are the concentrations of key air pollutants (particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone) in the study area?

What is the quality of water sources in Apapa LGA in terms of microbial contamination, heavy metals, and chemical pollutants?

What is the level of awareness among residents regarding environmental pollution and its associated health risks?

What health issues are reported by residents, and is there a correlation between reported health problems and environmental pollution levels?

1.4 Objectives of the Study

The primary objectives of this study are:

To identify and characterize the sources and types of environmental pollution in Apapa LGA.

To assess the concentrations of key air pollutants in the study area.

To evaluate the quality of water sources in Apapa LGA, focusing on microbial contamination, heavy metals, and chemical pollutants.

To gauge the level of awareness among residents regarding environmental pollution and its associated health risks.

To investigate reported health issues among residents and explore potential correlations with environmental pollution levels.

1.5 Justification of the Study

This study holds critical importance for several reasons:

Public Health Concerns: Understanding the specific environmental pollution landscape in Apapa and its potential health risks is crucial for safeguarding the well-being of residents.

Policy Formulation: Findings from this study can inform the development of targeted environmental management policies, waste management strategies, and public health interventions for Apapa LGA.

Community Empowerment: By raising awareness among residents about environmental risks, the study aims to empower the community to actively engage in mitigating pollution and protecting their health.

Academic Contribution: This research contributes to the academic literature by providing empirical evidence on the environmental pollution-health nexus in a specific urban context, offering insights that can inform future research endeavors.

1.6 Scope of the Study

This study focuses on the environmental pollution and associated health risks among residents of Apapa LGA in Lagos State, Nigeria. The scope encompasses air quality assessments, water quality evaluations, surveys to gauge resident awareness, and qualitative investigations into reported health issues.

1.7 Structure of the Thesis

The remainder of this thesis is structured as follows:

Chapter Two: Literature Review – A comprehensive review of relevant literature on environmental pollution, its sources, health impacts, and existing studies in similar urban contexts.

Chapter Three: Research Methodology – Detailed description of the research design, data collection methods, and analytical techniques employed to answer the research questions.

Chapter Four: Data Analysis and Results – Presentation and analysis of the data collected, providing insights into the environmental pollution landscape and its health implications in Apapa LGA.

Chapter Five: Discussion and Recommendations – Interpretation of findings, discussion of their implications, and recommendations for policy, practice, and future research.

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