ASSESSMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

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ASSESSMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

Abstract

It is always known that cleanliness is next to GODLINESS and health is wealth Good health is achieved if there is good management of the environment.

This research is a presentation of assessment of solid waste management practices

. At the core of the problems of solid waste management are the absence of adequate policies, enabling legislation, and an environmentally stimulated and enlightened public. Government policies on the environment are piecemeal where they exist and are poorly implemented. Public enlightenment programs lacked the needed coverage, intensity, and continuity to correct the apathetic public attitude towards the environment. Up to now the activities of the state environmental agencies have been hampered by poor funding, inadequate facilities and human resources, inappropriate technology, and an inequitable taxation system. Successful solid waste management in Nigeria will require a holistic program that will integrate all the technical, economic, social, cultural, and psychological factors that are often ignored in solid waste programs.

The need for a good management of the environment cannot be over emphasized since there is a continuing environmental decay as a result of increased urbanization.

Pollution is a major problem of urbanization of which most of the causes have been identified as industrial combustion, solid waste generation, oil spillage disposal etc. since these causes are inevitable; there is need for a good control of them. In this project there will be a critical look at solid waste management situation with special focus on Cities Enugu.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

1.1 Statement of the problem

1.2 Purpose of the study

1.3 Background and need of the study

1.4 Theoretical foundation of the study

1.5 Research question

1.6 Scope of study

1.6.1 Delimitation

1.6.2 Limitation

1.7 Signification of the study

1.8 Overview of the study

CHAPTER TWO:

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Definition of solid waste

2.2 Solid waste

2.3 Characteristics of solid waste

2.4 Urbanization and solid waste generation

2.5 Solid waste management strategies

2.6 Importance of solid waste management

2.7 Problems of solid waste management

CHAPTER THREE

Methodology

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Re-statement of the problem

3.3 The study area

3.4 Populations and sample size

3.5 Sources of data

3.6 Method of data collection

3.7 Libraries

3.8 Validity/reliability test of instrument

CHAPTER FOUR

Data Presentation and Analysis

4.1 Data on respondent

4.2 Rate of solid waste generated by the respondents

4.3 estimation of daily, weekly, monthly

and annual generation of solid waste

in akwata area of cities

4.4 Solid waste storage system by the respondent

4.5 Information about ENSEPA

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Findings, Recommendation and conclusion

5.1 Findings

5.2 Recommendation

5.3 Recommended treatment

5.4 Conclusion

Bibliography

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Empirical evidence ranks Nigerian as one of the countries world that produces high qualities of solid waste. This phenomenon is predicted on her over increasing population complied with sophistication in taste and demand for domestic and industrial goods by her urban population. The uncontrolled generation and disposal of these wastes have deteriorated our otherwise conducive urban environment. Virtually all cities in Nigeria are characterized by helps or mounting of solid wastes. The health implications of this development on our urban streams, health and socio-economic development leave much to be desired.

The realization of good health, hygiene and sustainable development in any society is practically impossible when pollution by way of solid wastes impact strongly on hers socio – economic, cultural and environmental settings.

Policy markers, leaders of though and political office holders are daily confronted with endemic problems of what to do with mounting heaps of solid wastes in our urban environment. Many choice properties by virtue of their proximity to dump sites have deteriorated significantly and this has serious negative effect on their rental and capital values.

Solid Waste Management (SWM) practices include collection of generated wastes, waste separation or segregation, storage, transfer and transport, transformation, treatment and disposal.

The rapid and constant growth of urban population has led to a dramatic increase in urban solid waste generation, with a crucial socio-economic and environmental impact.

Solid waste management (SWM) has been a big challenge to both the developed and developing countries all over the world. Basically, municipalities are giving preferences only on the collection of the waste and dumping it, while the principle of 3R’s (waste reduction, reuse and recycle), are not prioritized by the municipalities for a sustainable solid waste management. Increasing public awareness to the necessity of clean environment for good health, at both local and national governments are facing public pressure to the proper management of the municipal waste (Karavezyris et al., 2002).

This study is as a result of an increase in solid waste generation and an inadequate organized system of waste handling for a major part of the city. It therefore focused on identifying waste management problems, evaluating the current performance of waste handlers (i.e. waste management workers at the State Ministry of Environment, private contractors and individual waste generators) in Abeokuta and gave recommendations for an effective solid waste management practice. An understanding of what materials are in the waste stream will enable for a better and informed waste management practice (Ministry for the Environment, 2007).

Comparative analysis of municipal solid waste composition carried out by Ogwueleka 2003, Dauda and Osita, 2003 and Agunwamba et al 1998, showed that putrescibles were the highest in comparison to plastics, paper, textile, metal, glass and “others” (dust, ash, ceramics, rubber, soil and bones). Therefore, a great majority of the total solid waste generated in Nigeria is organic. Solid waste generation in Abeokuta, Ogun state, was estimated to be 0.60kg/person/day (Adewumi et al., 2005). Some of the factors influencing solid waste generation in Nigeria and locally in Abeokuta include inadequate technology, facility for separation at source, strength of solid waste management policy and enforcement, environmental education and awareness and income status of individuals among others (Adeoye, 2003 and Abel, 2009). Waste collection is an important aspect of waste management. Over the years, various waste collection methods have been adopted in different parts of various countries. Lasisi (2007) identified six methods including houseto-house, communal depots, curbsides, block systems, commercial and industrial collection and bulk loading. Babayemi and Dauda 2009, reported that in Abeokuta, waste collection was initiated by both public and private sectors, although the effectiveness of this is largely a function of location; and where the collection is done by private sectors, it is a function of income of the owner of the waste to be able to pay the amount charged.

Recycling is defined as the removal of materials from a solid waste stream and the use of those materials in other innovative ways (California Integrated Waste Management Board, 2004). It offers social, economic and environmental benefits. It serves as a source of income; saves energy; water and generates less pollution than obtaining virgin raw materials, which translates into lower operating costs; reduces the amount of wastes to be collected, transported and disposed off, and extends life of disposal facilities (Medina, 1993). Disposal of solid waste generated in a community is the ultimate step in a SWM system. In the advanced technologies, disposal is preceded by engineering activities such as sorting, volume reduction and / or receding.

In Nigeria, refuse is generally buried and burnt (Igoni, et al., 2007); dumped openly on available spaces (Lasisi, 2007); burnt open on the side of the road (Ogwueleka, 2009); set on fire in a little corner in their backyard or in a very open place (Babayemi and Dauda, 2009); or incinerated which has been very uneconomical (Ogwueleka, 2003).

Kyessi and Mwakalinga 2009, explained some of the challenges facing solid waste management as being inadequate waste collection, accumulation of garbage on streets and on open spaces, lack of waste treatment and disposal sites, high operational costs and poor cost recovery, poor or inadequate resources, poor routing systems and inappropriate Information Management System.Others are unplanned growth and increasing pressure to provide services, non-rational routes for collection services, and lack of adequate authority to address people, infrastructure and resourcing problems (Zurbrugg, 2003).

Most developing countries, Nigeria inclusive have solid waste management problems different from those found in developed countries; hence, a different approach is needed

(Ogwueleka, 2009).Nigeria needs low capital cost and labor-intensive solutions that reduce poverty (Ogwueleka, 2004). Informal waste collectors can be incorporated into public-private partnership. Regular trucks should be used for waste collection. Other practical steps are involvement of the private sector; income generation through planned collection services; refuse collection charges; practical and attitudinal changes of the citizens towards wastes in general. Also are support, transfer and dissemination of knowledge and technology or environmentally sound management of various waste streams within the African continent by the international community; and awareness and cultural exchange programs for integrated waste management (United Nations Economic and Social Council, 2009).

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

Solid waste management is a very difficult task, as we all know. It creates a lot of problems to people which include:- drainage blockage (flooding), traffic jam, health hazard and unsightly environment.

In addition, environmental pollution in urban centers due to solid wastes is a matter of serious concern to the international community, for pollution in any form interferes with our good chain, health, comfort, amenities, properties values and living standards.

Today, all businesses are affected by both environmental changes and government effort towards controlling these changes.

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The main purpose of this study is to effective of solid waste management as a booster to Nigeria Economy. More over the research aims at finding out what should be done in order to reduce the health hazards and of the increasing menace of solid wastes management in urban areas.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION

The following research questions wee formulated to guide the study. These include:

1. How do you dispose your solid waste?

2. Are there any waste bins in your shops?

3. How often is waste evacuated from your day?

4. Do you sort your waste before disposal?

5. Are there sufficient equipment and manpower?

6. Are the storage, collection and transportation in Cities dumps from individual shops?

7. How far are waste dumps from individual shops?

1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY

The study is therefore restricted to solid waste management in Cities. The scope of study is created into two sections

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1. The major significance of this study is that it will help in no small measure to maintain efficient and effective waste management system of the study area.

2. Furthermore, it will help in improving the environmental condition of Cities.

3. The findings of this study will also form the basis for further investigations in this study area.

4. Finally, it will help in the prevention, reduction and control of the disease associated with solid wastes and food poisoning.

1.7 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

H0: There is no relationship between Solid waste management practices and public health development

H1: There is a relationship between Solid waste management practices and public health development

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