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PROBLEM AND PROSPECT FOR THE SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF MARITIME TOURISM IN NIGERIA, AROGUNKI AS A CASE STUDY
Abstract:
The study focuses on the challenges and opportunities associated with the sustainable economic development of maritime tourism in Nigeria, using Arogunki as a case study. Nigeria’s coastal regions, including Arogunki, boast rich marine biodiversity, natural beauty, and cultural heritage, presenting significant potential for tourism. However, several issues, such as inadequate infrastructure, security concerns, environmental degradation, and limited awareness of maritime tourism’s potential, have hindered its development.
This research examines the existing state of maritime tourism in Arogunki, identifying the key problems and exploring potential prospects for sustainable economic growth. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with stakeholders and quantitative data analysis to assess the current challenges and future opportunities. The findings highlight the need for strategic investment in infrastructure, enhanced security measures, environmental conservation efforts, and targeted marketing campaigns to promote the region’s unique maritime attractions.
Furthermore, the study proposes policy recommendations and initiatives to boost local economies and create employment opportunities, while ensuring the preservation of natural resources and cultural heritage. By implementing these strategies, Arogunki can transform into a premier maritime tourism destination, contributing significantly to Nigeria’s overall economic development. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and local communities aiming to unlock the full potential of maritime tourism in Nigeria.
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The pivotal role of maritime transport in the socio-economic, transformational changes and political development of nations all over the world is very crucial and well recognized as the most cardinal factor for growth and development. As regards the creation of wealth and its attendant transformational and reform structural narratives which seems to anchor on revenue generation to obviously support developing nations’ economic systems of most African countries, Nigeria inclusive. This is because, fundamental operational functioning derivatives within the confines of the African States, therefore, is of paramount importance to the organization and creative man-power management of modern governments. This seems to reflect in the most recent studies of industrial growth and productivity which continues to pay careful attention to the immense contributions and importance of this critical cash-cow industry and vital subsector of the global economic system. The social needs for maritime-transport has to do with how it helps in solving human problems, especially with regard to operationalindustry modalities, recreational transformational– Linkages and business-transactional exchanges, as well as the movement of goods and services across African Continental borders within the operational confines of the law that has to do with fraudulent sharp practices, industry– negative vices syndrome narratives and operational abuses that are second to none as the case may be, of which Nigeria cannot be insulated from it (Ndikom, 2015). This is because; the industry lacks the fundamental intellectual and knowledge-based skills of needed workforce that can obviously matching the ever increasing demanding tasks of the industry at Large. This very true because, the industry was left in the hands of un-skilled managers who does not seemed to understand the rudimentary functionality of the port system and the desired needs for this critical industry to have an enduring shipping policy in place (Ndikom, 2004).
Obviously, the economic development of most developing nations of Africa, Nigeria inclusive, should reflect in the development, organization, coordination and management of this sea-borne trade, which is critical and cardinal to the development of international trade with other nations of the world. This is because, maritime-transport services duly serve as the propelling anchor and evolving force for the survival and its attendant life wire of any developing and developed economies, hence, the formulation of execution of policies that disrupt the efficient running of this vital sub-economic system globally, will definitely affect the efficiency and well-being of the enlarged society as well as the people (Ndikom, 2010).
I made bold to state clearly at this juncture that, the Nigerian example as we speak presently, is a different scenario, as most of her policies enunciated over the years, have been very abrasive to the growth and development of this all-important subsector of our economy. Shipping as a primary logistic service is critical to Nigeria’s international trade and economic development. Shipping as a mode of transport continues to represent the cheapest and most efficient means of moving very large volumes of import and export goods. Apart from the facility as a means of trade and economic development, shipping services may also be relied upon as a means of creating significant value added services in an economy, such as job creation (Ndikom, 2016).
Nigeria is a major international trading nation in Africa, exporting large quantities of hydrocarbons to earn substantial revenue which accrue from crude oil export and are used mainly to fund huge trade in imports. Due to its geographical location, and spatial- logistical- characteristics, alongside its topographical landscape, Nigeria as one of the developing African nation, has a smooth functioning economy but which is dependent to a great extent on the availability of cheap and efficient shipping services. Shipping is required for the evacuation of the nation’s exports and for inward carriage of the imports. In the context of Nigerian economic growth and development as one of the developing African countries of note, shipping’s production function could well be developed in the service of the nation’s international trading requirements. Obviously shipping has a direct bearing and reflective impact on the development process of a country as it improves the foreign exchange situation, creates employment, and fosters technological transfer and economic integration, while also helping to strengthen national security. Apart from these direct effects, shipping investment substantially contributes to the diversification of the economy of the investing country, as it provides a whole range of support for the cottage industries and allied services. These general considerations on the role and importance of shipping in trade and in the development process are valid for all countries of the world and Africa especially developing countries such as Nigeria whose port problems are very unique, in spite of its efforts to become the central business hub of west and central African sub regions (Ndikom 2006).
The growth of any economy depends heavily on the effective operation and functionality of its shipping industry because shipping activities function as a fulcrum upon which the global economy revolves. Shipping as a business, is a factor of economic growth and development as cottage industries cannot develop substantially in the absence of the demand for and supply of shipping services- these seemed to reflect from the perspectives of national development, revenue generation and productivity and efficiency, which ignite other port’s ancillary services to bring about overall national development. World shipping of goods by sea in recent years reflects a similar pattern of change to that displayed on the modern roadway system all over the globe. This is because, Maritime –transport system is coordinated and guided by a singled moderated conventions, rules and regulations that are global in nature, contents and contexts, It is pertinent to note here that, efficiently operated seaports are of fundamental importance to maritime nations, whether in ensuring the continuing prosperity of highly industrialised countries or the steady development of the third world (Ndikom 2008). The existence of oversupply conditions in world shipping is mostly considered to be the result of broad subsidization in shipping and in ship building industries by developed market economies. This continuous oversupply conditions in shipping have increased the role of shippers’ councils, especially with regard to international liners. A large number of strong outside presence of conference liners have made shippers’ position much stronger in their consultations with sea carriers.
The nature, characteristics, prospects and challenges of maritime logistics service and administration in relation to efficiency, productivity and operational performance of the overall sector of the economy is of great concern that needs holistic and progressive government intervention, if we intend actually to get it right as a nation’s state. This is because, the performance, productivity and clear-cut administrative agility, ability, management and competence of this all-important sector in Nigeria within the confines of international regulations and conventions, have been left in the whims and caprices of unprofessional managers, who know little or nothing about the challenges within the maritime sector. It is regrettable to state here that, within an African setting, it is believed and it is very obvious and evident to know that, amongst all the sub-sector of the enlarged operational economy, maritime-transport seem to be the only industry that promotes mediocrity and unprofessional excellence in the way and manner the industry operations are run and managed as the case may be.
Obviously, since independence, the management and control of the overall transport industry in Nigeria (that is, maritime, air, rail and road sub-sectors) have been left in the hands of managers who seem not to understand the rudimentary challenges of the industry. It is very regrettable to state here that, the maritime-transport sub-sector is hard hit by the multiple problems of inadequate funding and policy inconsistencies, which have heavily impacted negatively on its growth, operational modalities and performance.
Moreover, the impact of globalization and liberalization of world economy on the nation’s economic activities has led to unprecedented structural changes, with privatization, commercialization, liberalization, diversification and segmentation taking centre stage among other market forces. Incidentally, the multiplier effects of these include an elasticity of demand that daily poses challenges to various industries and shipping companies which we need to adapt to its heart and changes, if we must survive as a developing African States. The nature of Nigeria’s economy from this entire economy scenario and its peculiar position and role in the world and also as the giant of Africa in words, do obviously not permit undue stagnancy. Its economy must adopt some dynamic and flexible up-to-date strategies in accordance with international pace and standards. It is evident to state that over these years, globalization has demystified erstwhile complex trade practices in the global business environment and, through different technologies, shrunk distances between people and nation, so much that no particular modern state of Africa can afford to operate, an isolated economy.
Maritime tourism is an important sector that leverages coastal and marine environments to provide recreational and leisure activities for tourists. In Nigeria, the coastal region, including Arogunki, is blessed with an abundance of natural resources, including beautiful beaches, diverse marine life, and a rich cultural heritage. These assets present significant potential for the growth and development of the maritime tourism sector in the region.
However, despite these promising attributes, the sector faces various challenges that have hampered its sustainable economic development. These include inadequate infrastructure, security concerns, environmental degradation, and limited awareness of the potential of maritime tourism. This study seeks to explore these challenges in depth, as well as to identify the opportunities and prospects for sustainable economic development within this sector in Nigeria, with a specific focus on Arogunki.
Maritime tourism is a rapidly growing sector that encompasses a wide range of activities such as cruising, yachting, water sports, and coastal sightseeing. In many parts of the world, it serves as a significant driver of economic development, generating substantial revenue and creating jobs in coastal communities. Nigeria, with its extensive coastline and diverse marine environments, holds great potential for the expansion of maritime tourism. The country boasts an array of natural and cultural attractions along its coast, including pristine beaches, unique ecosystems, and vibrant local traditions.
However, the development of maritime tourism in Nigeria faces numerous challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, environmental concerns, and the lack of effective governance and regulation. These issues hinder the growth and sustainability of the sector, preventing the country from fully capitalizing on its maritime assets. At the same time, there are promising opportunities for leveraging maritime tourism to drive economic development, particularly in regions like Arogunki.
Arogunki, a coastal area in Nigeria, presents a unique case study for examining the problems and prospects of sustainable economic development through maritime tourism. Known for its picturesque landscapes and rich cultural heritage, Arogunki has the potential to become a prime destination for tourists seeking authentic maritime experiences. However, the region also faces challenges such as limited access to essential amenities, environmental degradation, and limited local involvement in tourism planning and management.
This study aims to assess the current state of maritime tourism in Arogunki, exploring both the challenges and opportunities for sustainable economic development. By investigating the factors that affect the growth of this sector, the research seeks to provide insights and recommendations for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and local communities. Through a comprehensive analysis, the study aims to contribute to the broader discourse on sustainable maritime tourism in Nigeria, offering a roadmap for harnessing its potential for national and regional development.
Despite its vast coastline, Nigeria’s maritime industry needs to be more utilized and faces issues such as piracy, illegal fishing, inadequate infrastructure, and regulatory bottlenecks. These challenges have hindered the full realization of the sector’s potential.
In a welcome remark, a board member of the NESG, Nnanna Ude, said that maritime activities are critical in facilitating global trade and economic growth.
Ude further stated that Nigeria, as the most populous country in Africa and a key player in the region, holds a unique position in West Africa’s maritime landscape, noting that the country boasts a coastline of approximately 853 kilometres along the Gulf of Guinea, which provides ample opportunities for maritime trade and economic development.
He also maintained that a thriving maritime sector can contribute massively to long-awaited and desired economic diversification and inclusion.
However, he emphasized strongly that one of the industry’s critical challenges is a lack of comprehensive data that hinders policymakers from fully understanding the sector and its contribution to Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product, GDP, which can also attract investors and operators.
Meanwhile, he acknowledged the creation of the Ministry of Marine and Blue Economy, describing the establishment of the Ministry as a pivotal shift from the past and saying that it depicts the Tinubu-led administration’s intention to have a more coordinated approach that can potentially make the sector a catalyst for Nigeria’s economic transformation and development.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
While Arogunki possesses several natural and cultural attractions that could potentially drive economic growth through tourism, the region faces numerous obstacles that have prevented it from reaching its full potential. The existing challenges include poor infrastructure, a lack of security measures, environmental pollution, and limited marketing and promotion of the region’s offerings. These issues hinder the sustainable development of the maritime tourism industry in the area.
1.3 Research Objectives
The primary objective of this study is to assess the problems and prospects for the sustainable economic development of maritime tourism in Nigeria, with a focus on Arogunki. Specifically, the study aims to:
Identify the current challenges facing the development of maritime tourism in Arogunki.
Explore the potential opportunities and prospects for growth in the maritime tourism sector.
Evaluate the impact of maritime tourism on the local economy and community in Arogunki.
Provide recommendations for sustainable development strategies in the maritime tourism sector.
1.4 Research Questions
The study seeks to answer the following research questions:
What are the major challenges facing the development of maritime tourism in Arogunki?
What opportunities and prospects exist for sustainable economic development in the maritime tourism sector?
How can the local economy and community benefit from the development of maritime tourism in Arogunki?
What strategies can be recommended for the sustainable development of maritime tourism in the region?
1.5 Significance of the Study
This research provides valuable insights into the current state of maritime tourism in Arogunki, as well as its potential for growth and development. The findings of the study can guide policymakers, industry stakeholders, and local communities in making informed decisions to address the challenges and leverage the opportunities in the sector. By promoting sustainable practices and strategic investments, Arogunki can become a leading maritime tourism destination, contributing significantly to Nigeria’s overall economic development.
1.6 Research Hypothesis
Hypothesis 1: There is a significant relationship between infrastructure development and the sustainable economic growth of maritime tourism in Arogunki.
Hypothesis 2: The level of environmental conservation and protection significantly affects the sustainable economic development of maritime tourism in Arogunki.
Hypothesis 3: The availability and quality of security measures have a substantial impact on tourists’ willingness to visit Arogunki, influencing the region’s economic development.
Hypothesis 4: Marketing and promotion efforts of Arogunki as a tourist destination play a significant role in driving tourism traffic and subsequent economic development.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study focuses on the current state of maritime tourism in Arogunki, Nigeria. It assesses the challenges facing the sector and explores the prospects for sustainable economic development. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of the issues at hand.
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