REVIEW OF PERFORMANCE AND GUT MORPHOLOGICAL INDICES OF BROILER STARTER FED DIETS SUPPLEMENT WITH DRIED MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA) LEAF POWDER DMLP

PERFORMANCE AND GUT MORPHOLOGICAL INDICES OF BROILER STARTER FED DIETS SUPPLEMENT WITH DRIED MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA) LEAF POWDER DMLP

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PERFORMANCE AND GUT MORPHOLOGICAL INDICES OF BROILER STARTER FED DIETS SUPPLEMENT WITH DRIED MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA) LEAF POWDER DMLP

Abstract

The study evaluated the performance and gut morphological indices of broiler starter chickens fed diets supplemented with dried mango (Mangifera indica) leaf powder (DMLP). The research aimed to determine the effects of DMLP on growth performance, feed efficiency, and intestinal histomorphology of broiler starters. A total of 150 day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments with three replicates per treatment in a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments consisted of a control diet (0% DMLP) and diets containing 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% DMLP. Data were collected on feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality, while gut morphological parameters such as villus height, crypt depth, and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio were examined.

Results showed that inclusion of DMLP significantly (p < 0.05) improved weight gain and feed conversion ratio at moderate inclusion levels (1.0–1.5%) compared to the control. Birds fed 1.5% DMLP recorded the highest average weight gain and best FCR, while higher inclusion (2.0%) slightly reduced performance. Gut morphology analysis revealed that DMLP supplementation enhanced villus height and surface area, indicating improved nutrient absorption. However, excessive inclusion led to reduced crypt depth, suggesting potential anti-nutritional effects at higher concentrations.

The study concludes that supplementing broiler starter diets with up to 1.5% dried mango leaf powder optimizes growth performance and promotes healthy intestinal development. It is recommended that mango leaf powder be utilized as a natural growth promoter and feed additive in poultry nutrition due to its bioactive compounds and cost-effectiveness.

Keywords: Broiler starter, Mangifera indica, dried mango leaf powder, growth performance, gut morphology, poultry nutrition.

Introduction

Poultry production plays a significant role in meeting global protein demands, providing a fast-growing source of animal protein for human consumption. However, the high cost of feed ingredients and the withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters due to health concerns have led to an increasing search for natural alternatives that can promote growth and maintain gut health (Sugiharto, 2016; Windisch et al., 2008).

Mangifera indica (mango) leaves have been reported to contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolic compounds that possess antimicrobial and antioxidant properties (Barre et al., 2019; Iwu, 2014). These phytochemicals could enhance nutrient utilization, promote gut integrity, and improve overall performance in broiler chickens (Abd El-Hack et al., 2020).

The use of dried mango leaf powder (DMLP) as a natural feed additive has been evaluated in various livestock species, with reports suggesting improved growth performance and immune response (Ogbuewu et al., 2010; Agbede et al., 2021). However, there is limited scientific information on the effect of DMLP supplementation on broiler starter performance and gut morphological indices, particularly in Nigerian production environments.

Hence, this study seeks to evaluate the performance response and gut morphology of broiler starter chicks fed diets supplemented with varying levels of DMLP over a 21-day experimental period.

Statement of the Problem

The prohibition of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry feeds has necessitated the search for safer, plant-based alternatives. Synthetic additives are costly and sometimes toxic (Yang et al., 2015). Meanwhile, Mangifera indica leaves are abundant agricultural by-products often left unused. Harnessing them as a feed supplement could reduce feed cost and enhance intestinal health in broilers (Esonu et al., 2006). However, there is inadequate empirical data on its optimal inclusion level and effects on gut morphology.

Objectives of the Study

General Objective

To evaluate the effect of dried mango (Mangifera indica) leaf powder supplementation on performance and gut morphology of broiler starter birds.

Specific Objectives

To determine the growth performance (feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio) of broiler starters fed DMLP-supplemented diets.
To assess the effects of DMLP on selected gut morphological indices (villus height, crypt depth, and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio).
To identify the optimal level of DMLP inclusion for improved broiler performance within the 21-day starter phase.

Research Hypotheses

H₀₁: Dried mango leaf powder has no significant effect on the growth performance of broiler starters.
H₀₂: Dried mango leaf powder has no significant effect on gut morphological indices of broiler starters.

Significance of the Study

The findings of this research will provide valuable information on the potential of mango leaves as a sustainable feed additive. This could help reduce feed cost, improve broiler productivity, and contribute to environmentally friendly poultry production systems. Additionally, it will promote the utilization of agro-waste materials and reduce environmental pollution (Aro, 2018).

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