THE IMPACT OF MATERNAL AGE ON PREGNANCY OUTCOMES-A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS
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THE IMPACT OF MATERNAL AGE ON PREGNANCY OUTCOMES-A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS
Abstract
For a long time maternal age has been recognised as a key factor of pregnancy outcomes globally. This longitudinal study investigates the relationship between maternal age and obstetric outcomes over a ten-year period, focusing on risks associated with advanced and very young maternal age. Results reveal a nonlinear pattern in which women under 20 and above 35 years experience higher risks of preterm birth, low birth weight, gestational hypertension, and caesarean delivery. Women aged 25–29 exhibited the best outcomes. These results clearly shows the importance of age-targeted antenatal interventions and public health education to optimise maternal and neonatal health.
1. Introduction
Factor of maternal age is one of the most studied predictors of pregnancy outcomes because of its biological, psychological, and socio-economic implications (Liu et al., 2019). Both advanced maternal age (AMA), commonly defined as age 35 and above, and very young maternal age (below 20 years) have been connected to increased obstetric problems (Schummers et al., 2018). Global demographic transitions—such as delayed childbearing in developed regions and adolescent pregnancies in developing settings—make the issue increasingly important (World Health Organization [WHO], 2020).
Younger mothers often face biological immaturity, inadequate prenatal care, and poverty that add to problematic outcomes (Neal et al., 2018). Conversely, women aged 35 years and above have an increased risk for chromosomal abnormalities, hypertensive disorders, and prolonged labour (Usta & Nassar, 2008). Despite extensive research, there remains a need for longitudinal evidence in developing contexts to better understand how maternal age patterns impact outcomes over time.
This study an examination of the impact of maternal age on pregnancy outcomes using longitudinal data collected across a ten-year period. The findings offer insights for policymakers and clinicians on mitigating age-related obstetric risks.
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