A CASE STUDY ON THE MANAGEMENT OF GROWER PIGS IN UMUAGWO-OHAJI L.G.A. OF IMO STATE.

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A CASE STUDY ON THE MANAGEMENT OF GROWER PIGS IN UMUAGWO-OHAJI L.G.A. OF IMO STATE.

TABLE CONTENTS

Approval page

Dedication

Abstract

Acknowledgement

Table of content

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Relevance of project

1.2 Site inspection

1.3 Evolution of road network in nigeria

1.4 Motor vehicle characteristic that affects road design data

1.5 Drivers and their characteristics

1.6 Reconnaissance survey

1.6.1Chain survey

1.6.2Station marking

1.7 Factors Affecting Choice Of Station

CHAPTER TWO

THEODOLITE TRANSVERSING OF THE ROAD CONTROL

2.1 Definitions

2.2 Thetheodolite

2.3 Theodorite adjustment

2.3.1Temporary adjustment

2.3.2Permanent adjustment

2.4 Procedure for theodolite traversing

2.5Materials used for the theodolte traversinging

CHAPTER THREE

PROJECT FIELD LEVELING WORK

3.1 Leveling

3.2 Profile leveling

3.3 Cross leveling

3.4 Objectives of leveling

3.5 Instruments used in leveling

3.6 Temporary adjustment of leveling instrument

3.7 Definition of some leveling terminologies

3.8 Leveling book

3.9 Earthwork computation

3.9.1Method

CHAPTER FOUR

SOIL ANALYSIS

4.1 Collection and preliminary preparation of samples

4.2 Mechanical analysis

4.3 Atterberg/consistency limit tests

4.3.1Liquid limit test

4.3.2Plastic limit test

4.4 Compaction test

4.5 The California bearing ratio (cbr) test

4.6 Pavement design using cbr

CHAPTER FIVE

GEOMETRIC ELEMENTS DESIGN

5.1 Basic design parameters

5.1.1Design speed

5.1.2Gradient

5.1.3Sight distance

5.2 Curve design

5.3 Curve parameters and formula used, in designing of horizontal curves

5.4 Vertical curve design

5.5 Cross sectional elements of the road

5.6 Brief description on stages of work and equipment used n road constriction

5.7 Summary and conclusion

BibliographyARTHROPOD PREDATORS AND INSECT PEST CONTROL

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ARTHROPOD PREDATORS AND INSECT PEST CONTROL

2.0 INSECT PESTS

The concise oxford dictionary of the English language define pest as a troublesome or destructive person, or things. Williams [1947] state that an insect pest is any pest in the wrong place.

The classification of an insect as a pest is a subjective one based on its potential damage to human purposes or natural habitats and eco-system. Insect pests are said to be able to kill agricultural crops, ornamental plants etc. They can also consume and damage harvested food and also cause illness or unproductively in agricultural animals e.g. Cattle and vector as larvae while they may be pollinators in adulthood.

Some insects that are considered as pests are actually more beneficial than pestiferous for example wasps predate or parasitize many insects. An insect pest may cause injury which may be physical (bites and stings) or medical (causing diseases or illness) or economic (monetary lose of goods or properties). Injury may arise directly from the pest itself or may develop indirectly as a result of the actions or behavior of the pest.Arthropod predators and insect pest control affect us in one way or the other by the following ways:

They are an annoyance or nuisance e.g. cockroaches

They endanger human health or safety

They threaten the welfare of useful plants or domestic animals

They damage stored products or structural materials.

Although insect pest attract the most attention many insects are beneficial to the environment and to humans. Some insect like wasps, bees, butterflies and ants pollinate flowering plants. Insect pests can be controlled by the use of pesticides, sterilization, destruction of infected plant, traps, hunting, field burning, poisoned bait and biological control.

Insect can cause damage directly by their feeding or making shelters or indirectly by other means. Direct method include chewing of plants e.g. grasshoppers caterpillars, root chewing beetle larvae and piercing ant sucking which is the direct removal of plants sap or animal blood e.g. aphids, mites, bed bugs, lice, vegetable bugs e.t.c. while the indirect method can be through vectors e.g. plants viruses and bacteria transmitted via aphids and leafhoppers, malaria e.t.c.

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