AN EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF ADVERTISING ON PROFIT MAXIMIZATION, STUDY OF SOME SELECTED HOSTELS IN URBAN REGION

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AN EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF ADVERTISING ON PROFIT MAXIMIZATION, STUDY OF SOME SELECTED HOSTELS IN URBAN REGION

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page – – – – – – – – – i

Approval page – – – – – – – – – ii

Certification – – – – – – – – – iii

Dedication – – – – – – – – – iv

Acknowledgement – – – – – – – – v

Abstract – – – – – – – – – – vi

Table of Content – – – – – – – – vii

CHAPTER ONE

Background of the study – – – – – – 1

Statement of the problem – – – – – – 2

Purpose of the study – – – – – – – 6

Significance of the study – – – – – – 6

Assumption of the study – – – – – – 7

Research question – – – – – – – 7

Development of hypotheses – – – – – – 8

Scope of the study – – – – – – – 8

Definitions of terms – – – – – – – 8

CHAPTER TWO

Review of related literatures – – – – – – 10

Definitions of advertising – – – – – – 10

Types of advertising – – – – – – – 10

Objectives of advertising – – – – – – 12

Deciding on the advertising budget – – – – 13

Deciding of the advertising media selection – – – 15

Deciding on the advertising message – – – – 17

Evaluating advertising effectiveness – – – – 18

CHAPTER THREE

Research design – – – – – – – – 20

Area of the study – – – – – – – – 20

Population of the study – – – – – – – 21

Sample and sampling technique – – – – – 21

Instrument for data collection – – – – – 21

Validation of the instrument for data collection – – – 22

Reliability of the instrument for data collection – – – 22

Administration of instrument – – – – – 22

Method of data analysis – – – – – – 22

CHAPTER FOUR

Presentation and analysis of data – – – – – – 23

Proof of hypotheses – – – – – – – 31

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary – – – – – – – – – 44

Conclusion – – – – – – – – – 49

Recommendations – – – – – – – 52

Questionnaire – – – – – – – – 54

Reference – – – – – – – – – 58

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

Advertisement is one of the four major tools that companies use to direct persuasive communication to target buyers and publics. It consists of non- personal or one-way forms of communication conducted through paid media under clear sponsorship. The advertisers included not only commercial firms but museums, fund raiser and various social action organisations seeking to advertise their causes to various target publics. As a matter of fact, the thirty four largest advertising spender in the Nigeria is the Nigerian government within the commercial sector, the top one hundred national advertisers account for approximate one-fourth (1/4) of all national advertising.

Although advertising is primarily a private enterprise marketing tool, it is used in all the countries of the world including socialist countries. Advertising is a cost effective way to dissemination messages, whether it is to build brand preference for coca cola all over the world or to motivate a developing nations consumer to drink milk or to practice birth control.

Organization obtains their advertising in different ways. In small companies advertising is handled by someone in the sales or marketing department, work with an advertising agency. Large companies set up their own advertising departments, whose managers report to the vice president of marketing. The advertising department job is to develop the total budget approve advertising agency advert and campaigns and handle direct mail advertising, dealer displays and other forms of advertising not ordinarily performed by the agency. Most companies use an out side advertising agency to help them create advertising campaigns and to select and purchase media.

In developing an advertising programme marketing managers must always start by identifying the target market and buyer motives.

The advertising Naira support various media magazine and newspaper space; radio television; out door displays (poster, billboards, signs, skywriting); direct mail; novelties (match boxes, pens, calendars); tear pads (carbus) catalogues; directories (yellow pages), and circulars. And advertising has many purposes; long term build-up of the organizations, corporate image (institutional advertising), long term build-up of a particular brand (brand advertising) information dissemination about a sale, or event (classified advertising), announcement of a special sale (sale promotional advertising) and advocacy of a particular cause (advocacy advertising).

1.2 Statement of the problem

Although, there has been a great deal of work directed at evaluating advertising effect on profit maximization, this has remain unsolved. Giles (1983) said “it is virtually impossible except in mail-order selling or certain direct mail campaign to quantify exactly the contribution of advert to profit.”

Stanton (1983), also said that its difficult to identify the result of any given advert or an entire campaign. He also said that one couldn’t attribute a given unit of sales to any specific advertisement or campaign.

Based on the above context, one can categorically say that its difficulty to trace the impact of advert to the success of a product.

1.3 Purpose of the study

To determine what patterns the advertising message can take and how effective are these pattern.
To highlight on the various types of media and the factors to consider before choosing any particular types.
To evaluate the effectiveness of advertising through sales and communication research.
To suggest the ways and manners through which advertising problems can be tackled and improved upon.

1.4 Significance of the study

This work will provide a pedestal upon which a better and improved research work can be built upon.

To the employers and employees of the various soft drinks industry, some of the suggestion made in this write up will be of immense benefit to them in terms of strategies development and increase in sales volume and profitability through the various strategies that is suggested.

To other library users, this will be of immense benefit to them.

1.5 Assumptions of the study

The following assumptions are inherent in this study.

1. The researcher assume that irrespective of the amount of money that is spent on advertising, it will not yield an equal corresponding amount of increase in sales

2. However, it is generally assumed that a small amount of money spent on promotion (advertising) will yield a significant amount of increases

1.6 Research questions

The following research question will be raised by the researcher.

1. What’s the pattern of advertising message and how effective are these patterns?

2. What are the various types of advertising media and the factors to consider before choosing a particular type?

How can the advertising effectiveness be evaluated?
Recommendations were based on manners through which advertising problems can be tacked and improved upon.

1.7 Research hypothesis

H0: There is no significance impact of advertising on profit maximization of selected hostels

H1: There is a significance impact of advertising on profit maximization of selected hostels

1.8 Definitions of terms

PROMOTION: – Is all that which is associated with the stimulation, inducing and persuading individuals or group of people towards a particular act, ideas, information, an object or product.

ADVERTISING: – this is any paid form of non-personal presentation of information, ideas, goods and services by an identified sponsor.

ABOVE-THE-LINE-MEDIA:- it is advertising using conventional media such as radio, television, newspapers, cinemas etc.

BELOW-THE-LINE-MEDIA– advertising using other means other than the conventional methods. E.g free gifts and material.

APPROPRIATION:- this is the money budgeted for advertising campaign.

ADVERTISING MEDIA:- this is used to refer to the channels used in conveying the advertising message.

ADVERTISEMENT:- this is used to refer to the message being packaged and sent across to the customers or prospective customers.

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