AQUIFER HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS AND VULNERABILITY ESTIMATION FROM VERTICAL ELECTRICAL SOUNDING: A CASE STUDY OF ORU AND ENVIRONS,SOUTH EASTERN NIGERIA

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AQUIFER HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS AND VULNERABILITY ESTIMATION FROM VERTICAL ELECTRICAL SOUNDING: A CASE STUDY OF ORU AND ENVIRONS,SOUTH EASTERN NIGERIA

Abstract:

Aquifer hydraulic characteristics and vulnerability assessment are essential for sustainable groundwater management, particularly in regions facing increasing water demands and environmental stresses. This study focuses on the estimation of aquifer hydraulic parameters and vulnerability using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data in the Oru and its environs, located in South Eastern Nigeria.

Vertical Electrical Sounding is a geophysical technique widely used for subsurface investigations, particularly in hydrogeological studies. In this research, VES data were collected at strategic locations within the study area. The data were interpreted using the Schlumberger array to derive the aquifer parameters, including the hydraulic conductivity (K) and transmissivity (T).

The results reveal spatial variations in aquifer hydraulic characteristics across the study area. The estimated values of hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity provide valuable insights into the potential groundwater yield and flow characteristics of the aquifer system in Oru and its environs. Additionally, the vulnerability of the aquifer to contamination was assessed using the DRASTIC method, which considers various factors such as Depth to Water Table (D), Net Recharge (R), Aquifer Media (A), Soil Media (S), Topography (T), Impact of Vadose Zone (I), and Hydraulic Conductivity (C).

The vulnerability assessment indicates areas of varying degrees of vulnerability to contamination, highlighting zones where groundwater resources are at higher risk. These findings are crucial for groundwater resource management, land-use planning, and the development of appropriate mitigation measures to protect the aquifer system.

This study contributes to the existing knowledge by providing a case study of aquifer hydraulic characteristics and vulnerability assessment using VES data in South Eastern Nigeria. The results offer valuable insights for policymakers, water resource managers, and stakeholders in sustainable groundwater management practices in the region.

Keywords: Aquifer Hydraulic Characteristics, Vertical Electrical Sounding, Vulnerability Assessment, Hydraulic Conductivity, Transmissivity, DRASTIC Method, Groundwater Management, South Eastern Nigeria.

Chapter 1: Introduction

Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Research Objectives
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Scope and Limitations
Organization of the Study

Chapter 2: Literature Review

Hydrogeological Setting of South Eastern Nigeria
Aquifer Types and Characteristics
Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) as a Geophysical Method
Estimation of Aquifer Parameters using VES
Vulnerability Assessment of Aquifers
Previous Studies on Aquifer Hydraulic Characteristics and Vulnerability Estimation
Gaps in Literature and Research Questions

Chapter 3: Methodology

Study Area: Oru and Environs, South Eastern Nigeria
Data Collection: Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES)
Equipment Used
Data Acquisition Procedure
Data Analysis: Interpretation of VES Data
Schlumberger Array
Estimation of Aquifer Parameters (Hydraulic Conductivity, Transmissivity)
Vulnerability Assessment
DRASTIC Method
Factors Considered: Depth to Water Table, Net Recharge, Aquifer Media, Soil Media, Topography, Impact of Vadose Zone, Hydraulic Conductivity
Validation of Results
Ethical Considerations