BLEACHING OF CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO) USING ADSORBENT PREPARED FROM PYROLYZED COFEE RESIDUES

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BLEACHING OF CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO) USING ADSORBENT PREPARED FROM PYROLYZED COFEE RESIDUES

ABSTRACT

The bleaching process in cooking oil production is very important. It helps cooking oil to have a better quality. During bleaching process, some impurities (such as : gums, dirt, Free Fatty Acid (FFA) and Oxidation products) are adsorbed by adsorbent. In this research, coffee residues were used as an adsorbent for the bleaching process of CPO. The objectives of this research were to study the effects of adsorbent concentration and adsorbent types in the bleaching process. Raw coffee residues were dried in an oven. The dried coffee residue were crushed and sieved to 1.0115 mm particle sizes. The coffee residue was prepared under two different treatments. In the first treatment, the residue were pyrolyzed then used as an adsorbent. In the second treatment, the residue was activated using phosphoric acid then pyrolyzed. In this bleaching process, 70 grams of CPO were agitated with adsorbent of different concentrations and heated for 150 minutes then analyzed. From the research, it can be recognized that the adsorbent made from coffee residues are able to reduce the FFA content, PV and colour of CPO. As the concentration of adsorbent increase, more colour, FFA and peroxides can be adsorbed. The highest percentage for removal was reached at 2,5 % adsorbent concentration. It was found that activated carbon has a better performance for reduction of colour in CPO, rather than char. Inversely, char was better for adsorption of FFA. Both type of adsorbents showed an almost equal performance for adsorption of PV.

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