BOKOHARAM TERRORISM AND CHILD RIGHTS IN NORTHERN NIGERIA

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BOKOHARAM TERRORISM AND CHILD RIGHTS IN NORTHERN NIGERIA

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Since 2009, Boko Haram has been committing widespread human rights abuses in large parts of north-eastern Nigeria. In December 2013, the group extended its attacks to other States bordering Nigeria, namely, Cameroon, then the Niger (in February 2015) and Chad (in June 2015). The expansion triggered bilateral and multilateral counter-insurgency measures by the States affected. In January 2015, the conclusion of a cooperation agreement between Cameroon and Chad and between Nigeria and Chad led to robust joint military operations against Boko Haram, removing it from much of the territory it had controlled. In March 2015, regional coordination by the African Union led to the creation of the Multinational Joint Task Force to fight Boko Haram, involving troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, the Niger and Nigeria.

Despite the above-mentioned efforts, Boko Haram continues to commit gross human rights abuses and serious violations of international humanitarian law resulting in ongoing casualties and further destruction of property. The present report focuses, in accordance with Human Rights Council resolution S-23/1, on the abuses and violations of human rights and international humanitarian law committed by Boko Haram, and primarily covers the period when the conflict became regionalized, from December 2013 until July 2015. It also includes information on violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law allegedly committed by government security forces during counter-insurgency operations.

Government sources in the States concerned have estimated that some 20,000 civilians, including an undetermined number of women and children, have been killed by Boko Haram since 2009. The actual number of fatalities, however, is likely to be much higher. Civilians have been shot, beheaded, amputated, stoned, drowned, burned and bombed.

Boko Haram has used stones, machetes, knives, sophisticated and high-calibre weapons, improvised explosive devices, landmines, guns mounted on pickup trucks, military helicopters, armoured vehicles and motorcycles to perpetrate killings. Men and boys who refused to adopt the beliefs professed by Boko Haram were specifically targeted in killings, as were law enforcement officials, teachers, health-care workers and members of civilian self-defence groups.

In Nigeria, Boko Haram intentionally killed and maimed civilians in attacks throughout the State of Borno and in parts of the States of Adamawa and Yobe. Many witnesses reported that Boko Haram shot civilians that tried to escape during attacks in Askira Uba, Baga, Bama, Damasak, Gombi, Gwoza, Kwajafa, Madagali, Maiduguri, Michika and Mubi. The killings were often preceded by death threats or an invitation from Boko Haram “inviting” men and boys to join them in “the work of Allah”. Those who refused to join were killed, and their bodies often left to rot in the streets, in wells or river beds.

OHCHR received, for example, video footage of a massacre of civilians after Boko Haram captured Bama, in October 2014. It depicted several men with their arms bound, driven in a truck to a bridge where they were shot, one after the other, in the back of the head and thrown into a river. It also showed civilians held in a room and shot; Boko Haram fighters then trampled on bodies to check that the victims were dead. The footage is consistent with information documented by OHCHR on the attack in Bama. OHCHR also received information that, in Madagali (State of Adamawa) in November 2014, Boko Haram assembled some 1,000 male villagers at the local school and shot them. Witnesses interviewed in the States of Adamawa, Borno and Yobe recalled numerous cases of men and boys being shot, hanged, hacked to death, stoned and, in some cases, their bodies piled up in the street, and their relatives forced to identify them.

Statement of the problem

There may have been previous researches in this subject. This work gives further explanations and analysis in bokoharam terrorism and child rights in northern nigeria

Objectives of the study
To understand the effect of bokoharam terrorism on child rights in Northern Nigeria
To understand the relationship between bokoharam terrorism and child rights in Northern Nigeria

Research questions
What is the effect of bokoharam terrorism on child rights in Northern Nigeria
What is the relationship between bokoharam terrorism and child rights in Northern Nigeria