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PGD ACCOUNTING TOPICS AND MATERIALS
Financial Accounting Topics
1. The Impact of Financial Statement Quality on Investment Decisions.
2. Comparative Analysis of IFRS Adoption and Financial Performance of Companies.
3. The Role of Accounting Information in Financial Performance Evaluation.
4. Impact of Financial Reporting Standards on Small and Medium Enterprises.
5. The Effect of Accounting Ratios on Profitability Predictions.
6. Evaluation of Financial Statement Fraud Detection Techniques.
7. Impact of Forensic Accounting on Fraud Prevention in the Banking Sector.
8. Analyzing the Role of Financial Statements in Credit Risk Management.
9. Comparative Study of Historical Cost and Fair Value Accounting.
10. The Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Shareholders’ Wealth.
________________________________________
Auditing Topics
11. The Role of External Auditors in Corporate Governance.
12. Impact of Audit Committee Effectiveness on Financial Reporting Quality.
13. Challenges and Prospects of Auditing in Public Sector Organizations.
14. The Influence of Auditor Independence on Audit Quality.
15. A Study of Risk-Based Auditing in Financial Institutions.
16. Impact of Continuous Auditing on Fraud Detection.
17. The Effectiveness of Internal Controls in Preventing Financial Misstatements.
18. Role of Audit Quality in Enhancing Investor Confidence.
19. The Relationship Between Audit Fees and Auditor Independence.
20. Auditing Techniques and Their Impact on Financial Accountability.
________________________________________
Taxation Topics
21. The Effect of Tax Policy on Small and Medium Enterprises’ Growth.
22. The Role of Tax Revenue in Economic Development.
23. Impact of Taxation on Corporate Social Responsibility Investments.
24. The Influence of Value-Added Tax on Consumer Spending Patterns.
25. Tax Evasion and Its Effects on Government Revenue.
26. Comparative Analysis of Tax Compliance in Public and Private Organizations.
27. Effect of Double Taxation Treaties on Foreign Direct Investments.
28. The Role of Tax Audits in Enhancing Revenue Collection.
29. Tax Incentives and Their Influence on Business Investments.
30. The Impact of Digital Technology on Tax Administration Efficiency.
________________________________________
Management Accounting Topics
31. The Role of Budgeting in Financial Performance of Organizations.
32. Activity-Based Costing and Its Effect on Cost Management.
33. Impact of Variance Analysis on Managerial Decision-Making.
34. The Role of Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis in Business Profitability.
35. The Effectiveness of Balanced Scorecard in Strategic Performance Management.
36. Analyzing the Use of Financial Ratios in Managerial Decision-Making.
37. Role of Management Accounting in Sustainability Reporting.
38. The Impact of Financial Planning on Organizational Profitability.
39. The Effect of Standard Costing on Product Pricing Decisions.
40. Strategic Management Accounting and Its Impact on Competitive Advantage.
________________________________________
Corporate Governance and Accounting
41. The Role of Corporate Governance in Enhancing Financial Accountability.
42. Impact of Corporate Governance on Earnings Management.
43. The Influence of Board Composition on Financial Performance.
44. Relationship Between Corporate Governance Practices and Audit Quality.
45. The Role of Transparency in Corporate Financial Reporting.
46. Corporate Governance and the Prevention of Financial Fraud.
47. Analyzing the Impact of Shareholder Activism on Financial Reporting.
48. The Effect of Ethical Practices on Financial Reporting Quality.
49. Corporate Social Responsibility and Its Influence on Financial Performance.
50. Role of Corporate Governance in Enhancing Investment Attractiveness.
________________________________________
Public Sector Accounting Topics
51. The Role of Public Sector Accounting in Budget Implementation.
52. The Effectiveness of Government Financial Reporting in Transparency and Accountability.
53. The Impact of Treasury Single Account on Public Finance Management.
54. Analysis of Revenue Generation and Expenditure Control in Public Organizations.
55. The Role of Accounting Systems in Local Government Administration.
56. Challenges of Implementing International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS).
57. The Effect of Budgetary Control on Public Sector Performance.
58. Accountability and Transparency in Public Sector Financial Management.
59. The Role of Public Sector Accounting in Reducing Corruption.
60. Comparative Analysis of Cash-Based and Accrual-Based Accounting in the Public Sector.
________________________________________
Emerging Topics in Accounting
61. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Financial Reporting.
62. Impact of Blockchain Technology on Accounting Practices.
63. Big Data Analytics and Its Influence on Managerial Accounting.
64. The Effect of Cybersecurity Threats on Accounting Information Systems.
65. Role of Cloud-Based Accounting Systems in Financial Management.
66. The Impact of Environmental Accounting on Corporate Financial Performance.
67. Corporate Sustainability Reporting and Stakeholder Perception.
68. Role of Integrated Reporting in Enhancing Corporate Transparency.
69. The Impact of Green Accounting Practices on Business Operations.
70. Analyzing the Influence of Digital Transformation on Accounting Processes.
________________________________________
Ethics and Accounting Topics
71. The Role of Ethical Standards in Financial Reporting.
72. The Impact of Ethical Accounting Practices on Organizational Reputation.
73. Analyzing Ethical Dilemmas in Taxation Practices.
74. The Effectiveness of Whistleblowing Policies in Enhancing Financial Accountability.
75. The Role of Professional Ethics in Forensic Accounting.
76. The Influence of Ethical Codes on Auditor Independence.
77. Ethical Challenges in Corporate Financial Reporting.
78. The Role of Ethics in Combating Financial Statement Manipulation.
79. The Effect of Ethical Training on Accountant Performance.
80. Corporate Ethics and Its Influence on Financial Disclosure.
________________________________________
Sector-Specific Accounting Topics
81. Accounting Practices in Non-Profit Organizations: Challenges and Solutions.
82. Financial Management Practices in Healthcare Institutions.
83. The Role of Accounting in the Agricultural Sector Development.
84. Accounting Challenges in the Oil and Gas Industry.
85. Financial Reporting Practices in Educational Institutions.
86. Impact of Accounting Information Systems on Hospitality Industry Performance.
87. Financial Accounting Practices in Real Estate Development.
88. The Role of Accounting in Enhancing Supply Chain Management.
89. Analysis of Financial Reporting Practices in Telecommunication Companies.
90. Impact of Government Regulations on Accounting in the Banking Sector.
________________________________________
Historical and Comparative Topics
91. Evolution of Accounting Practices in Developing Countries.
92. Comparative Analysis of Traditional and Modern Accounting Practices.
93. The Role of Accountants in Industrial Revolution Era Accounting Practices.
94. The Impact of International Accounting Standards on Emerging Economies.
95. Comparative Study of Accounting Systems in Developed and Developing Countries.
96. Historical Development of Forensic Accounting Techniques.
97. The Role of Accounting in Post-War Economic Reconstruction.
98. Comparative Analysis of Private and Public Sector Financial Reporting.
99. The Evolution of Accounting as a Profession.
100. Historical Perspective on the Development of Management Accounting.
]]>ATTENTION:
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SEMINAR TOPICS IN ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION
1. The Integration of Technology in Accounting Education
2. Innovations in Teaching Financial Accounting
3. Enhancing Critical Thinking Skills in Accounting Students
4. Interactive Learning Platforms in Accountancy Education
5. Teaching Ethical Decision-Making in Accounting Programs
6. Role of Case Studies in Accounting Education
7. Implementing Project-Based Learning in Auditing Courses
8. The Impact of Online Learning on Accounting Education
9. Teaching International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
10. Integrating Environmental Accounting into the Curriculum
11. Gamification Techniques in Accounting Classrooms
12. Role-playing Exercises for Accounting Students
13. Using Social Media for Accounting Education Outreach
14. Incorporating Forensic Accounting in the Curriculum
15. Ethics and Professionalism in Accounting Education
16. Developing Communication Skills in Accounting Students
17. Teaching Data Analytics in Accounting Programs
18. Promoting Diversity and Inclusion in Accounting Education
19. Adaptive Learning Systems for Personalized Accounting Education
20. Assessing Soft Skills Development in Accounting Students
21. Integrating Sustainability Reporting in Accounting Courses
22. Virtual Reality Applications in Accounting Education
23. Teaching Blockchain Technology in Accounting Programs
24. Peer-to-Peer Learning in Accounting Classrooms
25. The Role of Simulations in Accounting Education
26. Financial Literacy Education for Accounting Students
27. Integrating Taxation Law into Accounting Curriculum
28. Interactive Workshops for Accounting Skill Development
29. Teaching Managerial Accounting in the Era of Industry 4.0
30. Student Engagement Strategies in Large Accounting Classes
31. Implementing Problem-Based Learning in Accounting Education
32. Teaching Artificial Intelligence in Accounting Programs
33. Incorporating Real-world Accounting Projects into Courses
34. The Impact of Flipped Classroom Models in Accounting
35. Integrating Fraud Examination in Accounting Curriculum
36. Developing Critical Writing Skills in Accounting Students
37. Teaching Accounting Information Systems (AIS)
38. The Role of Professional Certifications in Accounting Education
39. Financial Modeling Techniques in Accounting Programs
40. Using Online Assessments for Continuous Learning
41. Integrating Excel Skills in Accounting Courses
42. Role of Industry Internships in Accounting Education
43. Teaching Tax Planning Strategies in Accounting Programs
44. The Impact of Cognitive Load Theory in Accounting Learning
45. Integrating Sustainability Accounting in the Capstone Course
46. Incorporating Soft Skills Training in Accounting Education
47. Teaching Accounting for Small Businesses
48. Implementing a Competency-based Curriculum in Accounting
49. The Role of Research Projects in Advanced Accounting Courses
50. Using Artificial Intelligence for Personalized Accounting Instruction
51. Teaching Accounting Ethics in a Global Context
52. Integrating Cybersecurity Awareness in Accounting Programs
53. Online Collaborative Learning in Accounting Education
54. Teaching Corporate Governance in Accounting Courses
55. Role of Online Professional Networks in Accounting Education
56. Financial Statement Analysis in Accounting Curriculum
57. Integrating Excel Dashboards in Management Accounting Courses
58. The Impact of Globalization on Accounting Education
59. Teaching Accounting for Governmental and Nonprofit Entities
60. Gamifying Accounting Research Methodology Courses
61. The Role of Accounting in Sustainable Development Goals
62. Teaching IFRS vs. GAAP: Comparative Analysis
63. Integrating Technology Competencies in Accounting Graduates
64. Using Business Analytics Tools in Accounting Education
65. The Impact of Regulatory Changes on Accounting Curriculum
66. Teaching Accounting for Strategic Decision Making
67. Incorporating Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Reporting
68. Integrating Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in Auditing Courses
69. Developing Global Perspectives in Accounting Students
70. The Role of Online Professional Development Courses in Accounting
71. Teaching Artificial Intelligence in Forensic Accounting
72. The Impact of Remote Learning on Accounting Education
73. Integrating Blockchain in Accounting Information Systems
74. Teaching Accounting for Startups and Entrepreneurship
75. Incorporating Behavioral Economics in Accounting Curriculum
76. Developing a Cross-disciplinary Approach in Accounting Education
77. Integrating Machine Learning in Predictive Accounting
78. Teaching Accounting for Personal Finance
79. The Role of Social Responsibility Accounting in Accounting Education
80. Incorporating Critical Perspectives in Accounting Research
81. Teaching Integrated Reporting in Accounting Courses
82. Gamifying Taxation Education in Accounting Programs
83. The Impact of COVID-19 on Accounting Education
84. Integrating Cloud Accounting Systems in Accounting Curriculum
85. Teaching Accounting for E-commerce Businesses
86. Developing Research and Writing Skills in Accounting Students
87. The Role of Accounting in Corporate Social Responsibility
88. Incorporating Environmental Accounting in Cost Management
89. Teaching Accounting for Merger and Acquisition Strategies
90. Integrating Data Analytics in Forensic Accounting Courses
91. The Role of Accountants in Cybersecurity Governance
92. Teaching Accounting for Cryptocurrency Transactions
93. Integrating FinTech Concepts in Accounting Curriculum
94. Developing Communication Skills in Accounting Students
95. Teaching Accounting for Risk Management
96. Integrating Internal Audit Practices in Accounting Education
97. The Impact of Cultural Diversity on Accounting Education
98. Incorporating Industry-specific Accounting Practices in Courses
99. Teaching Accounting for Non-Financial Managers
100. Integrating Emotional Intelligence in Accounting Education
]]>ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW. THANK YOU!
NOTE:
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION TOPICS IN SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING
1. The Role of Social and Environmental Accounting in Corporate Governance.
2. Analyzing the Impact of Environmental Accounting on Corporate Decision-Making.
3. Exploring the Integration of Social and Environmental Reporting in Annual Reports.
4. The Effectiveness of Sustainability Reporting Frameworks in Promoting Accountability.
5. Evaluating the Influence of Social and Environmental Accounting on Stakeholder Engagement.
6. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Disclosure Practices in Developing Countries.
7. The Nexus Between Social and Environmental Accounting and Corporate Reputation.
8. Assessing the Adoption and Implementation of Social Accounting Standards by Multinational Corporations.
9. The Role of Social and Environmental Accounting in Enhancing Corporate Transparency.
10. Environmental Accounting and its Influence on Investors’ Decision-Making.
11. Examining the Link Between Social Accounting and Corporate Ethics.
12. The Impact of Social and Environmental Reporting on Financial Performance.
13. A Comparative Analysis of Social and Environmental Disclosure in Different Industries.
14. Investigating the Relationship Between Social Accounting and Employee Motivation.
15. The Contribution of Social and Environmental Accounting to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
16. Analyzing the Challenges Faced by Companies in Implementing Social Accounting Practices.
17. The Effect of Social Accounting on Consumer Perception and Purchasing Behavior.
18. The Role of Social and Environmental Accounting in Carbon Footprint Management.
19. The Influence of Social and Environmental Accounting on Credit Ratings.
20. Corporate Governance Mechanisms and Social and Environmental Accounting Practices.
21. Examining the Effectiveness of Assurance Services in Social and Environmental Reporting.
22. The Relationship Between Social Accounting and Corporate Philanthropy.
23. Measuring the Social Return on Investment (SROI) in Social Accounting.
24. Assessing the Impacts of Environmental Accounting on Supply Chain Management.
25. The Effect of Social and Environmental Disclosure on Firm Value.
26. Investigating the Link Between Social Accounting and Corporate Tax Practices.
27. The Role of Social and Environmental Accounting in Building Corporate Resilience.
28. The Impact of Mandatory vs. Voluntary Reporting on Social and Environmental Disclosure.
29. An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of Social and Environmental Reporting.
30. The Integration of Social and Environmental Accounting in Performance Measurement Systems.
31. The Relationship Between Social Accounting and Corporate Fraud Detection.
32. Environmental Accounting Practices in the Oil and Gas Industry.
33. The Influence of Social Accounting on Corporate Risk Management Strategies.
34. Analyzing the Adoption of Integrated Reporting Frameworks in Social and Environmental Accounting.
35. The Effect of Social and Environmental Disclosure on Employee Engagement.
36. Social and Environmental Accounting in Public vs. Private Sector Organizations.
37. The Role of Social Accounting in Enhancing Nonprofit Organizations’ Accountability.
38. Investigating the Link Between Social Accounting and Corporate Diversity Initiatives.
39. Environmental Management Accounting in Agricultural Practices.
40. The Impact of Social and Environmental Accounting on Regulatory Compliance.
41. Analyzing the Effect of Social Accounting on Community Relations.
42. The Integration of Social and Environmental Indicators in Performance Evaluation.
43. The Influence of Social and Environmental Disclosure on Investor Decision-Making in Emerging Markets.
44. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Social Accounting in the Financial Services Industry.
45. Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting and Firm Performance.
46. The Adoption and Implementation of Social and Environmental Accounting in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs).
47. Analyzing the Link Between Social Accounting and Sustainable Supply Chain Practices.
48. The Role of Social and Environmental Accounting in Integrated Bottom Line Reporting.
49. The Impact of Environmental Accounting on Renewable Energy Investments.
50. Examining the Role of Social and Environmental Accounting in Reducing Income Inequality.
51. Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting and its Influence on Employee Recruitment.
52. The Effect of Social and Environmental Accounting on Cost of Capital.
53. Investigating the Association Between Social Accounting and Corporate Innovation.
54. The Adoption of Social and Environmental Accounting in the Tourism Industry.
55. The Influence of Social and Environmental Disclosure on Customer Loyalty.
56. Analyzing the Relationship Between Social Accounting and Corporate Reputation.
57. Environmental Accounting and the Circular Economy: A Case Study Approach.
58. The Role of Social and Environmental Accounting in Green Building Practices.
59. Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting in the Technology Sector: A Comparative Analysis.
60. The Effect of Social and Environmental Disclosure on Board Diversity.
61. Investigating the Link Between Social Accounting and Corporate Human Rights Practices.
62. Environmental Accounting and the Circular Economy: Challenges and Opportunities.
63. The Impact of Social and Environmental Disclosure on Competitiveness.
64. Assessing the Adoption of Social and Environmental Accounting in Global Supply Chains.
65. The Relationship Between Social Accounting and Corporate Risk Management.
66. The Role of Social and Environmental Accounting in Disaster Risk Reduction.
67. The Effect of Social and Environmental Disclosure on Corporate Governance.
68. Investigating the Integration of Social and Environmental Indicators in Performance Metrics.
69. The Adoption and Implementation of Social and Environmental Accounting in Family Businesses.
70. Analyzing the Influence of Social Accounting on Sustainable Business Models.
71. The Role of Social and Environmental Accounting in the Agriculture and Food Industry.
72. Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting and Firm Value: A Meta-Analysis.
73. Examining the Link Between Social Accounting and Ethical Leadership.
74. The Impact of Environmental Accounting on Corporate Resilience to Climate Change.
75. Analyzing the Relationship Between Social and Environmental Disclosure and Financial Analysts’ Recommendations.
76. Investigating the Adoption of Social and Environmental Accounting in Emerging Economies.
77. The Role of Social and Environmental Accounting in Philanthropy Measurement.
78. Assessing the Effectiveness of Social Accounting in Nonprofit Hospitals.
79. The Link Between Environmental Accounting and Corporate Environmental Performance.
80. Analyzing the Influence of Social and Environmental Disclosure on Credit Risk Assessment.
81. The Adoption of Social and Environmental Accounting in Public Sector Organizations.
82. Investigating the Relationship Between Social Accounting and Sustainable Development.
83. The Effect of Social and Environmental Disclosure on Firm Risk.
84. Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting and Firm Competitiveness: A Longitudinal Analysis.
85. Analyzing the Link Between Social and Environmental Disclosure and Executive Compensation.
86. The Role of Social and Environmental Accounting in Disaster Preparedness.
87. Investigating the Adoption of Environmental Accounting in the Automotive Industry.
88. The Effect of Social and Environmental Disclosure on Employee Satisfaction.
89. The Impact of Social and Environmental Accounting on Corporate Dividend Policies.
90. Analyzing the Relationship Between Social Accounting and Employee Well-Being.
91. Environmental Accounting Practices in the Textile and Apparel Industry.
92. The Adoption of Social and Environmental Accounting in the Banking Sector.
93. Investigating the Link Between Social Accounting and Corporate Social Entrepreneurship.
94. The Effect of Environmental Accounting on Sustainable Tourism Practices.
95. Analyzing the Relationship Between Social and Environmental Disclosure and Investor Activism.
96. The Role of Social and Environmental Accounting in Achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
97. Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting and its Influence on Employee Retention.
98. Examining the Effect of Social and Environmental Disclosure on CEO Compensation.
99. The Integration of Social and Environmental Indicators in Balanced Scorecards.
100. Investigating the Link Between Social Accounting and Corporate Culture.
]]>BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COST N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR
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ROLE OF MANPOWER UTILIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The idea of manpower planning and development on a global scale stated during the Second World War. This was a result of the shortage of labour in the industries where much of them were asked to go to war. The need for manpower was great that U.S government set up a national, agency called war manpower resources to control and allocate human resources, food metal petroleum and other critical resources. The effective functioning of the strategies could be used during the peace time to solve labour force problems, before Nigeria got her independence there write at great length in detail about almost all the key areas in both public and private sectors of the economy.
On the gaining independence it meant that all these expansion programmes. In short there was a death of the required personnel for a complete and sound economic take off. However, as time went on most of the expatriate personnel were replaced in both southern and the northern part of the country. Nigeria recognized the manpower planning and role it could play in the economic development gave it prominence in her development.
Plans it was against this background that the federal government set the ash by commission in April 1959 to conduct an investigation into Nigeria needs in the field of post school certificate and higher education over the next twenty years. The findings were made known to the government in 1960 and they reconnected among others they establishment of interregional manpower board in Nigeria and this was represented.
THE BRIEF HISTORY OF BENDEL BREWERY
Bendel brewery limited as it is now called formed into united in January 1971 with the trade namely of Bauwi Beer Brewery of western Germany. After an injuring into the standard and account of the company the state government agreed to change its name to Midwest brewery limited 1974. It was commissioned on the 25th of October 1974 by his Excellency general Eyadema, the president of the republic of Togo in the present of important personalities from all work of life among whom was General Yakubu Gowon the head of state and then military governor of Bendel state Grigadail Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia.
The martial cost of the establishment of Bendel brewery industry was million and was expected to provide employment opportunities to initial workers about 250. The brewery is located on a piece of land of about 2,500 areas approved by the Bendel development and planning authority. The reason for the choice of this area was due to presence of good drainage facilities reality available, power from bored holes suitable for bear industry and because of the fact that the area was discovered to be a link with the east and parts of the north which means there will be reality mouth which means will be transport facilities as well.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The purpose of the research work is to note while carrying out the study. I encountered some problems. The major problem is the lack of power of means of certain parent information required for the effective execution of the research work this has made is difficult for me to draw definite conclusion such information includes the level of productivity of the train before and after they were sent for training. Information relating to the budget outlay for development programme was not release this would have enable me know the emphasized land on development programmes with respect to sum of money land down for it.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROBLEM
The objectives of this study include;
i. Identification the nature of manpower in the brewery industry.
ii. Finding out how much manpower is developed and utilized.
iii. Determine the degree of success of such development procedures.
iv. Appraising the areas of failures weakness of much measure.
v. Determining the areas of developing the manpower in relation to its contribute towards the effective bad efficient attainment of organization goals.
vi. Assessing the effects of such manpower development policy on the industry as a whole.
1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
For the purpose of this project, the following hypothesis have been designed.
1. The financial indiscipline of the government is responsible for manpower utilization.
2. The financial indiscipline of the government is not responsible for manpower utilization
3. Manpower utilization can be caused when demand exceeds supply of goods and services.
4. Manpower utilization cannot be caused when demand exceeds supply of goods and services.
5. Manpower utilization has an adverse effect on the economy.
6. Manpower utilization has no adverse effects on the economy.
7. Manpower utilization complicates the activities of policy makers.
8. Manpower utilization cannot complicate the activities of the policy makers.
1.5 DEFINITION OF TERMS
There are certain terms used in the course of this research investigation that required definition. Some of these terms are interchange. But feel it is important to define them in order to outline their areas of differences examples of such term is:
MANPOWER PLANNING: This ensured the optimum of the human resources currently employed and provides for the future manpower need of the organization in term of skill number of ages.
MANPOWER UTILIZATION: This is a very important aspects of any nation manpower resource are utilized full utilization of manpower resources contribute not only to increase totally productivity of the economy but also a more equitable income distribution profit and greater political stability.
MANPOWER: This is one who organized men money and material in order to achieve the primary and secondary objectives of this organization.
DEVELOPMENT: – This is a systematic process of training and growth by which individual gain skills and knowledge to improve on his diversity in the work organization effectively.
BEER INDUSTRY: This is the collection of firms in the organization of trade or manufacture. Contrasted with distribution and commerce, engaging in the Brewery of alcohol by socking or boiling grains and or leaves.
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NINETY FATHOMS DOWN: CANADIAN STORIES OF THE GREAT LAKES
Ninety Fathoms Down: Canadian Stories of the Great Lakes. Mark Bourrie. Toronto: Hounslow Press, 1995.The primary aim of the University of Toronto Press’s Ontario Historical Studies Series (1971-1993) was to “describe and analyse the historical development of Ontario as a distinct region within Canada.” This was necessary, it was argued, because for many years the main theme in English-Canadian historiography was the emergence of the Canadian nation. Ontario’s role in the country’s development precluded it from being perceived as a region. Contributor Paul Craven claimed, “Almost unconsciously, historians have equated the role of the province with that of the nation and have often depicted the interests of other regions as obstacles to the unity and welfare of Canada” (vii).The series also hoped to encourage historians not directly involved in the project to turn their attention to the province. Judging by the books reviewed here, its directors succeeded as writers continue to be interested in Ontario’s past. While several aspects of the province are studied, however, in the works reviewed the extent to which the authors convey a sense of a distinct province varies from book to book.In Looking for Old Ontario: Two Centuries of Landscape Change, geograpner Thomas McIlwraith examines vernacular features of southern Ontario’s built environment and the social meanings they convey. The result is a highly readable and well-illustrated book with chapters on surveying building materials, houses, barns, fences, grave markers and many other seemingly mundane topics. As McIlwraith points out, it is regrettable that the ordinary is often taken for granted because routine features of the human environment provide insights into the way in which people interacted with their environment. It will be difficult for anyone who reads this book to look at roads, mills, houses, etc., without trying to determine when they were constructed, by whom and for what purposes.Choosing sections of McIlwraith’s book to highlight in a review is not easy, because most of them are worth mentioning. One chapter, for example, provides a good account of surveying techniques and the problems associated with the profession in the province’s early years.(f.1) McIlwraith adds a human dimension by observing that place names reflect “what successive administrators deemed to be meaningful in their lives” (65). There is a useful map and a table tracing the types of place names these officials used. In his chapter on building materials, McIlwraith points out some of Ontario’s particularities. In 1931, for example, 27 per cent of the buildings in the province were made of brick, compared with six per cent for Quebec and between one and two per cent for the rest of Canada.(f.2)McIlwraith’s ideological position is not explicit but it is clear that his sympathies are with those whose lives and accomplishments usually go unmentioned. In his discussion of grave markers, for example, McIlwraith notes that extant markers “identify a biased sample of Ontarians” (230) because paupers and those less well-off (half the population, he estimates) could not afford stone monuments. He sheds new light on well-known aspects of the province’s past, such as the obsession with property; on some nineteenth-century grave markers, the deceased are identified not only by name but also by the lot and concession number of their holdings.One criticism of Looking for Old Ontario is that McIlwraith attempts to do too much in a single volume. There is no doubt that McIlwraith is enthusiastic about his subject but his descriptions are too brief at times. His chapter on transportation, for example, is not as strong as it should be, largely because of lack of detail about railways, canals, ports, lighthouses and so on.In his conclusion, McIlwraith hopes that readers “have been visualizing their own examples” of what he described and in this he succeeds. Looking for Old Ontario is a rewarding read, and its jargon-free prose and rich diagrams and photographs should attract a wide audience.
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RELIABILITY MODELING OF SAFETY-INSTRUMENTED SYSTEMS BY PETRI NETS.
Safety-instrumented systems (SISs) are among the most important and effective safety barriers in reducing the likelihood of hazardous events and/or mitigate their consequences to assets (humans, environment, and material assets). This PhD thesis focuses on the reliability of SISs.The overall objective of this PhD thesis has been to develop new methods and new concepts for reliability assessment of safety-instrumented systems. With the knowledge generated in this PhD project, the decision-makers are able to make more rational decisions related to SIS reliability in design, technology qualification, implementation, and operation, hence to achieve a better strategy for major risk prevention.This PhD thesis has been a theoretical exercise with the functional safety standards (IEC 61508, IEC 61511, etc.), probability theory, and system reliability theory as bases. SISs in the process (mainly oil and gas) industry have been extensively used as examples and cases, but the reliability assessment methods and models developed during this PhD are applicable to all industry sectors.This PhD thesis investigates several important issues in SIS reliability assessment, and significant achievements have been made to obtain better SIS reliability assessment results. The main contributions of this PhD project are documented in the form of ten articles, among which, four articles have been published in relevant international journals, two are currently under review and the other four have been presented in peer reviewed international conferences and published in the conference proceedings. In addition to the articles, the results from this PhD thesis are also partly implemented in the 2013 version of the PDS method handbook.Simplified formulas are the preferred approach for SIS reliability assessment among practitioners, but the current formulas from IEC 61508 and PDS method fail to account for some important aspects such as dangerous detected (DD) failures, non-perfect proof tests, and partial tests. In this PhD thesis, several extensions are proposed such that the new formulas are able to treat the DD-failures, non-perfect proof tests, and partial tests properly, such that the applicability of the simplified formulas is extended. For complex SISs, advanced methods are needed to study their reliability. This thesis points to the Markov methods and Petri nets as promising candidates. These two methods are investigated in depth in relation to SIS reliability assessment and their advantages are demonstrated.Common cause failures (CCFs) have significant influences on the SIS reliability. Despite the efforts made in the past decades, there are still inconsistency between different CCF definitions and a commonly accepted definitionis missing. In SIS reliability assessment, CCFs are usually modeled by the beta-factor model and the multiple beta-factor (MBF) model without the adequacy of these models being checked. This PhD thesis proposes to define CCF on component and system level separately to harmonize the differences between the current CCF definitions. Based on the new definitions, the adequacy of the beta-factor model and multiple beta-factor (MBF) model are verified with respect to several assumptions, and conservative models are identified for different system configuration.Human and organizational factors (HOFs) influence SIS reliability, but they have not been systematically studied in the context of SIS. This PhD thesis investigates the HOF influence on the component failure rate by extending the failure rate model in MIL-HDBK-217F such that HOFs are considered. A Bayesian approach is proposed to integrate field data and expert opinion to quantify the HOF influences on failure rate. By using the proposed approach, the company and local influences are considered and better SIS reliability assessment are achieved.Process demands are threats to the systems safety, at the same time, they also reveal the state of a SIS. Using demands as tests and taking credits from demands in SIS reliability assessment have been controversial topics. The industry wants to use the information about the state of the SIS from an actual demand to support decisions but fears of the possible accidents due to the demand. This PhD thesis systematically investigates this issue, and provides a thorough discussion of the pros and cons of using such a “testing strategy”, and highlights cautions, challenges, and conditions of use. With the material from this PhD thesis, the decision-makers can have a broader and better picture of using demands as tests, and can decide whether and how to use the information from demands in SIS-related decisions without failing to maintain the due safety level.The functional safety standards classify SISs into low-demand, high-demand, and continuous modes of operation based on the demand frequency, and use different measures to quantify the reliability of SISs working in different modes. The classification and use of reliability measures are, however, lacking of scientific basis, and the practitioners are sometimes confused. This thesis provides a thorough discussion of this issue, and suggests a common approach to integrate demand frequency into SIS reliability assessment with Markov methods so that the demand frequency is considered in the assessment and no classification is needed. This thesis also proposes a common reliability measure, that is applicable to all demand frequencies, to be used together with the common approach.The standpoint of this PhD thesis is that all reliability and risk analyses are merely tools to provide inputs for better and more rational decision-making, if there is no decision to make, a reliability or risk analysis should never be initiated. Uncertainty plays an important role in SIS-related decisions. Without knowing the uncertainty level of the reliability assessment results, erroneous decisions may be made and an unacceptable risk level may result. This PhD thesis adopts the uncertainty classification from the quantitative risk analysis in nuclear industry, and provides a thorough discussion of each uncertainty category in relation to SIS. It is concluded that the completeness uncertainty is the most important to address in decisions under uncertainty, followed by model uncertainty and parameter uncertainty. To consider the uncertainties in decision-making, this PhD thesis proposes a simple and practical approach to quantify the uncertainty, and hence help to reach more rational decisions.
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INFORMATION:
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THE EFFECT OF VALUE ADDED TAX (VAT) IN NIGERIA INDUSTRIES
ABSTRACT
This project on the effect of value added tax on Nigeria industries is an evaluation of value added tax as a tool for revenue generation for economic development of the country.
The main objective of the project are to enable the readers companies, the government and the general public at large to have full understanding of value added tax (VAT) as a form of tax and find out weathered this tax system has any significant effect on industries.
To achieve these objective, the project was divided into three chapter and preliminary pages and appendix for clarification.
Chapter one death with the introduction, establishing the objective of the study short in it also looked at statement of problem, significant of the study scope, limitation of the study and definition terms.
Chapter two dealt with literature review it consist of extract from text book, new paper journals and other periodicals.
Chapter three include the summary, conclusion and recommendation.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgment
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of problem
1.3 Objective of the research
1.4 Significance of the study
1.5 Scope of the study
1.6 Limitation of the study
1.7 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review
2.1 meaning and history of Vat
2.2 administration and mechanism of Vat in Nigeria
2.3 objective of VAT
2.4 effect of VAT on industries
2.5 problem prospect and evaluation of VAT in Nigeria
2.6 computation and accounting
2.7 VAT accounting
CHAPTER THREE
Summary of finding, recommendation and conclusion
3.1 Summary
3.2 Suggestion
3.3 Recommendation
3.4 Conclusion
List of table
References
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Value added tax is a concept in Nigeria introduction in January 1994.It antecedent contract to 1987 when structural adjustment programme [SAP] was introduced in the country.
The architects of (SAP) which include the world bank and international monetary fund (IMF) had advised on total review of tax system in the country as a panacea for economic recovery.
The federal military government responded by setting up several committee in succession, which culminated in the introduction of VAT in 1994 through decree 102 promulgated in 1993.
Prior to the introduction of vat, sales tax had been in operation. Following recommendation from the committee, sales tax was abolished and VAT introduced as its replacement.
The economic blue print behind SAP was generally to a tract more revenue for government. Specifically VAT apart from halting wide deficit in government account resulting from government expenditure running steadily ahead of revenue, also intend to:
v Reduce the country dependence oil revenue.
v Bring in a lot of money because by the incidence on the consumer who hardly know that he is paying the tax
v Provide incentive for export and therefore enhance balance of payment position
v Maintain even tax incidence across various stages of production
v Shift taxation toward consumption rather saving advocate of VAT had argued among other thing that the new system was desirable in economy because it will curb consumption of luxury and socially undesirable goods and services. It was advocated furthers that VAT would eliminate the multiplicity of tax in the country.
Moreover, it was argued that it will make room for more saving and subsequent investment since it, minimize consumption. VAT also was intended to promote export and discourage import because export will be given tax exemption while import will be taxed heavily.
From the general objective of the new tax system, it was intended to revamp the national economy through improved revenue and attitude changes. The enabling law clearly stated the modalities for its implementation, which was rested at the hands of federal inland revenue services (FIRO), at its inception, it was opposed by section fo Nigeria especially manufacturers association of Nigeria it was argued by the opponents that VAT was regressive, discriminative of its unpopularity, this is not however to suggest that VAT may not have its shortcoming VAT, has been in operation for five years, the players are several industries and services, which are publicly and privately owned. Five years is enough period for any policy to make its impact, in view of this, the effect of VAT in Nigeria industries
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Prescribing economic and fiscal policy that will keep the economy of Nigeria afloat has been a tall and tough other various economic methods principles and policies were put in place by several leaders in the past, yet the economy has defiled all the solution value added tax (VAT) was one of such conscious economic policies put in place to get the economy going.
The problems facing the economy were enormous and multi dimensional. To turn it around, the government in it fiscal and monetary policies always focuses on the private sector and the industries.
Industries are at the center stage of implementation and execution of VAT. They are the manufacturers of good and provide of several whose products are taxed at each production stages. Although VAT may attract more revenue for the ultimate beneficiary the government, but what problem does it constitute to industries?
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HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERICAL(S)
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08068231953 or 08168759420
ATTENTION:
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NOTE:
WE WILL SEND YOU THE ABSTRACT, TABLE OF CONTENT AND CHAPTER ONE OF YOUR APPROVED TOPIC FOR FREE.
CHOOSE FROM THE LIST OF TOPICS BELOW. SEND YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS AND THE APPROVED PROJECT TOPIC TO ANY OF THESE NUMBERS-08068231953, 08168759420
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HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
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08068231953 or 08168759420
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OR
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Account Number: 3139283609
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FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420