BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COST N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR
YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08137701720
WHATSAPP US ON: 08137701720
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN BLOOD COMPONENT PRESERVATION-PROS AND CONS
Abstract
Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field with significant potential applications in medical science, including the preservation of blood components. This study examines the advantages and disadvantages of using nanotechnology for blood component preservation, focusing on its impact on the shelf life, quality, and safety of stored blood products.
The research employs a comprehensive review of existing literature, alongside experimental data, to assess the efficacy of nanotechnology in enhancing the preservation of red blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Key nanotechnological methods analyzed include the use of nanoparticles for targeted delivery of preservatives, nanostructured materials for improved storage conditions, and nanosensors for real-time monitoring of blood quality.
Findings indicate that nanotechnology can significantly extend the shelf life of blood components by reducing oxidative damage, preventing contamination, and maintaining cellular integrity. For instance, nanoparticles can provide controlled and sustained release of preservatives, ensuring optimal conditions for blood storage. Nanostructured storage containers can offer superior thermal insulation and barrier properties, minimizing the risk of spoilage. Additionally, nanosensors can provide accurate and continuous monitoring of blood quality, enabling timely interventions to prevent degradation.
However, the study also highlights several potential drawbacks. The introduction of nanoparticles into blood components raises concerns about biocompatibility and potential toxicity, which could affect the safety of transfused blood. The complexity and cost of developing and implementing nanotechnological solutions may also pose significant challenges for widespread adoption. Furthermore, regulatory and ethical considerations regarding the use of nanotechnology in medical applications need to be thoroughly addressed to ensure patient safety and public acceptance.
In conclusion, while nanotechnology offers considerable benefits for the preservation of blood components, careful consideration of the associated risks and challenges is essential. Further research and development are needed to optimize nanotechnological methods for safe and effective use in blood preservation. This study provides a foundation for future investigations and highlights the importance of a balanced approach to integrating nanotechnology into medical practice.
Keywords: nanotechnology, blood preservation, nanoparticles, blood components, biocompatibility, storage, medical applications.
Table of Contents
Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Significance of the Study
1.6 Scope and Limitations
1.7 Structure of the Study
Chapter Two: Literature Review
2.1 Overview of Blood Component Preservation
2.2 Introduction to Nanotechnology
2.3 Applications of Nanotechnology in Medicine
2.4 Nanotechnology in Blood Preservation
2.4.1 Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of Preservatives
2.4.2 Nanostructured Materials for Storage
2.4.3 Nanosensors for Quality Monitoring
2.5 Previous Studies on Nanotechnology in Blood Preservation
2.6 Summary of Key Findings
Chapter Three: Research Methodology
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Data Collection Methods
3.2.1 Literature Review
3.2.2 Experimental Data
3.3 Sample Selection and Procedures
3.4 Data Analysis Techniques
3.5 Ethical Considerations
3.6 Limitations of the Methodology
Chapter Four: Findings and Discussion
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Advantages of Nanotechnology in Blood Preservation
4.2.1 Extended Shelf Life
4.2.2 Reduced Oxidative Damage
4.2.3 Prevention of Contamination
4.2.4 Maintenance of Cellular Integrity
4.3 Disadvantages of Nanotechnology in Blood Preservation
4.3.1 Biocompatibility Concerns
4.3.2 Potential Toxicity
4.3.3 Cost and Complexity
4.3.4 Regulatory and Ethical Considerations
4.4 Comparative Analysis with Traditional Methods
4.5 Summary of Key Findings
Chapter Five: Conclusion and Recommendations
5.1 Summary of Study
5.2 Implications for Practice
5.3 Recommendations for Future Research
5.3.1 Optimizing Nanotechnological Methods
5.3.2 Addressing Safety and Biocompatibility Issues
5.3.3 Cost-Effectiveness and Scalability
5.3.4 Regulatory Framework and Ethical Guidelines
5.4 Final Thoughts
References
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
]]>BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420
WHATSAPP US ON 08137701720
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A LOW COST NEONATAL BILIRUBIN PHOTOTHERAPY EQUIPMENT WITH TIMER AND TEMPERATUE READER
Abstract
The objective of this project was to design and construct low cost neonatal bilirubin phototherapy equipment. This project has adopted the principle of changing the chemical structure of bilirubin by using the blue light and the principle of light and electronics. The design and construction of the project consisted of 4 main parts: 1) The power supply consisted of switching power supply 12 volts and 5 volts, 2) The light source consisted of 460 nanometer wavelength of blue light emitting diode, 660 nanometer wavelength of red light emitting diode, LED driver circuit and pulse width modulation circuit, 3) The control and display part consisted of microcontroller PIC18F252 and 7-segment display to show the spectral irradiance and therapy time and 4) The light intensity measurement part comprising of a light dependent resistor (LDR). The result of functional testing compared with Phototherapy Radiometer FLUKE DALE 40 found that the average percentage error of light intensity at the mattress and pad was 3.85% which does not have any effect on the neonatal jaundice. The project could set for 0-24 hours. All the materials could be found in the country and cheap.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Neonatal jaundice is a common problem in newborn (Ullah, Rahman, & Hedayati 2016). The yellow colors of skin and the sclera (whites of the eyes) of an infant are due to the collection of bilirubin in the skin and mucous membranes (Ayyappan et al., 2015). In the first week after birth, almost all babies have a higher bilirubin level than normal and more than two-thirds of newborns have jaundice that is called physiologic jaundice, which is visible to the eyes. Physiologic jaundice is the most abundant type of newborn hyperbilirubinemia. It is found normal babies without causing harm. But some jaundice babies are abnormal from several causes, are called pathologic jaundice, which can cause permanent brain abnormalities (Ultah et al., 2016). Diagnosing the two conditions is used to separate and select the appropriate treatment.
The blue light is used for reducing the concentration of bilirubin in the body of infants or the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn which is called Phototherapy, was first described by Cremer, Perryman and Richards (1958). This treatment generally reduces bilirubin levels in serum by converting bilirubin into dissolved isomers that can be eliminated without passing conjugation in the liver (Ennever, McDonagh, & Speck, 1983). The dose of phototherapy is very important to determine how quickly it works; the dose is determined by the wavelength of the light, the intensity of the light (irradiance), the distance of the light source to the infant and the body surface area exposed to the light respectively. The phototherapy equipment uses the 410 – 490 nm wavelength of blue light and the intensity of light 4 – 34 µW/cm2/nm is suitable (Lamola & Russo, 2014).
In commercially available intensive phototherapy systems, they commonly used daylight fluorescent, special blue bulb, halogen, LED and fiber optics (Sugar, Fishman, Kobernick, & Goodman, 1970). By comparison with five bulbs found that the efficiency of reducing the bilirubin level daylight fluorescent is less than the special blue bulb. The disadvantage of the special blue bulb is the blue light that can cause numbness in the eyes, nausea for the operation. Halogen lamps are as effective as daylight fluorescent but the light shines with narrow space, high heat that causes harm to baby easily and breaks easily. Currently fiber optic blanket is used for reducing the concentration of bilirubin but fiber optics blanket is expensive.
Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a light source which passes through by an electric current. When LED is connected in forward bias, LED will emit the visible light. The light from LED is monochromatic which occurs at a single wavelength. The output from a LED can range from blue which has a wavelength of approximately 410-490 nm.
1.2 Statement of the problem
The big problem from the source of the LED which contacts directly with skin is the heat conduction of the junction of LED semiconductor, which may cause serious skin burns. The adjusted amplitude modulating and the adjusted time multiplexing of LED can keep the LED within a safe temperature range. LED is also durable, low power consumption for the high brightness. The light of the tube is directed straight, no light distribution, long life and the light used does not cause skin damage. Therefore, LED lamps have a role in medicine due to a smaller size, they can be combined in any shape to produce highly efficiency brightness, greater lifetime, spectral stability and reduced power requirements. A low-voltage power supply is sufficient for LED brightness. The high intensity of light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is used as possible light sources for the phototherapy of hyperbilirubinemia neonates. The low power of the light source has the potential to transmit high-intensity waves of narrow wavelengths in the blue of the visible light spectrum, which overlap with the absorption spectrum of bilirubin (Chang et al., 2005).
1.3 Objectives of the study
The objectives of the study aim to design and construct low cost neonatal bilirubin phototherapy equipment which is low cost but can still be used correctly and accurately. The equipment is cheap and material can be found inside the country. The light source of the equipment comes from LED light which has intensity light adjusting by using the microcontroller to control. There is a time control system and also the structure of the equipment is created to adjust the height in order to use conveniently with other medical devices and moving as well.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420
WHATSAPP US ON 08137701720
THE ROLE OF PHYTOMEDICINE IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
The emphasis on the use of medicinal plants had hitherto been placed on the treatment rather than prevention of diseases. However, there exists in the literature considerable report in recent times on research work on the use of medicinal plants and their constituents in disease prevention. A World Health Organisation (WHO) Expert Group defined Traditional Medicine as the sum total of all knowledge and practices, whether explicable or not, used in diagnosis, prevention and elimination of physical, mental, or social imbalance and relying exclusively on practical experience and observation handed down from generation to generation, whether verbally or in writing (WHO, 1976). For Africa, this may be extended further by including an expression, such as ‘while bearing in mind the original concept of nature which includes the material world, the sociological environment whether living or dead and the metaphysical forces of the universe’.
Over 90% of traditional medicine recipes/remedies contain medicinal plants but this paper will address, specifically, the medicinal plants that have been implicated with preventive measures in disease control strategies. However, it must be noted that only a very thin divide exists between treatment and prevention in some cases. A quick example is the fact that by treating mild elevation of blood pressure renal disease can be prevented.
1.2 Statement of the problem
A medicinal plant is any plant which, in one or more of its organs, contains substances that can be used for therapeutic purposes or which are precursors for the synthesis of useful drugs. This description makes it possible to distinguish between medicinal plants whose therapeutic properties and constituents have been established scientifically, and plants that are regarded as medicinal but which have not yet been subjected to a thorough scientific study.
A number of plants have been used in traditional medicine for many years. Some do seem to work although there may not be sufficient scientific data (double-blind trials, for example) to confirm their efficacy. Such plants should qualify as medicinal plants. The term ‘crude drugs of natural or biological origin’ is used by pharmacists and pharmacologists to describe whole plants or parts of plants which have medicinal properties.
1.To understand the role of phytomedicine in biotechnology
H0: There is no relationship between phytomedicine and biotechnology
H1: There is a relationship between phytomedicine and biotechnology
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERICAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420
WHATSAPP US ON 08137701720
EFFECT OF DRYING CONDITION ON THE THICKENING PROPERTY OF COCYAM
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Cocoyam varieties (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) called tannia and (Colocasia esculenta) called taro are important staple food crop grown extensively in south-eastern Nigeria. Edet and Nsukka (2000) stated that cocoyam is a member of Araceae family and in the group of monocot plant and constitute one of the six most important root and tuber crops worldwide (Ekanem and Osuji, 2006). Although, they are less important than other tropical root crops such as yam, cassava and sweet potato, they are still a major staple in some parts of the tropics and sub-tropics (Opara, 2002). Nigeria is the world’s largest producer of cocoyam, accounting for about 37% of total world output (FAO, 2006) with the annual production of cocoyam in Nigeria estimated at 26.587 million tonnes (FAO, 2006). In the Eastern part of Nigeria, it serves as staple food and is used as a thickener in food preparations especially the varieties Colocasia esculenta and Xanthosoma cultivar. Cocoyam is rich in digestive starch, good quality protein, vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and high scores of protein and essential amino acids (Onayemi and Nwigwe, 1987; Lewu et al., 2009). Iwuoha and Kalu (2000) emphasized that cocoyam can be processed into cocoyam flour, chips and poi a processed form of taro which is popular in Hawaiian and Polynesian. The author further stated that cocoyam flour is highly digestible and therefore suitable for feeding invalids, for making confectionaries and baby food.
There may have been previous researches in this subject. This work gives further explanations and analysis in effect of drying condition on the thickening property of cocoyam.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERICAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420
WHATSAPP US ON 08137701720
EFFECT OF DRYING CONDITION ON THE THICKENING PROPERTY OF COCYAM
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Cocoyam varieties (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) called tannia and (Colocasia esculenta) called taro are important staple food crop grown extensively in south-eastern Nigeria. Edet and Nsukka (2000) stated that cocoyam is a member of Araceae family and in the group of monocot plant and constitute one of the six most important root and tuber crops worldwide (Ekanem and Osuji, 2006). Although, they are less important than other tropical root crops such as yam, cassava and sweet potato, they are still a major staple in some parts of the tropics and sub-tropics (Opara, 2002). Nigeria is the world’s largest producer of cocoyam, accounting for about 37% of total world output (FAO, 2006) with the annual production of cocoyam in Nigeria estimated at 26.587 million tonnes (FAO, 2006). In the Eastern part of Nigeria, it serves as staple food and is used as a thickener in food preparations especially the varieties Colocasia esculenta and Xanthosoma cultivar. Cocoyam is rich in digestive starch, good quality protein, vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and high scores of protein and essential amino acids (Onayemi and Nwigwe, 1987; Lewu et al., 2009). Iwuoha and Kalu (2000) emphasized that cocoyam can be processed into cocoyam flour, chips and poi a processed form of taro which is popular in Hawaiian and Polynesian. The author further stated that cocoyam flour is highly digestible and therefore suitable for feeding invalids, for making confectionaries and baby food.
There may have been previous researches in this subject. This work gives further explanations and analysis in effect of drying condition on the thickening property of cocoyam.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERICAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420
WHATSAPP US ON 08137701720
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DORMANCY OF SEEDS AMONG SELECTED VARIETY OF CROPS
Abstract
Seed dormancy and germination of Senna marilandica and S. obtusifolia were compared in greenhouse and laboratory studies. About 90% of the S. obtusifolia seeds were green and had hard seed coat dormancy, whereas the other 10% were brown and nondormant. Seed-colour morphs did not occur in S. marilandica, and nearly 100% of the seeds had hard seed coat dormancy. Seeds of S. obtusifolia were significantly heavier than those of S. marilandica. Mechanical scarification was very effective in overcoming dormancy in seeds of both species. However, concentrated sulfuric acid, absolute ethanol and boiling water were less effective in breaking dormancy in seeds of S. marilandica than in those of S. obtusifolia. Further, incubating seeds at 30/15 to 40/25°C and dry-heat treatments at 80–100°C were ineffective in breaking dormancy in S. marilandica, but significantly increased germination percentages in S. obtusifolia. In neither species were simulated daily/seasonal temperature shifts effective in breaking dormancy. Scarified seeds of both species germinated over a wide range of temperatures in both light and darkness. Under near-natural temperature conditions, seeds of S. marilandica germinated in spring only, whereas those of S. obtusifolia emerged in late spring and throughout summer. Both species can form a long-lived seed bank. Dormancy break by high field temperatures in seeds of S. obtusifolia allows this species to germinate throughout the warm growing season and thus contributes to its success as a weed in arable crops.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERICAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420