ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COST N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR
YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08137701720,
WHATSAPP/TELEGRAM US ON: 08137701720
GENDER VIEWPOINTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN NIGERIA.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Individuals go into business for the sake of obtaining regular income, becoming self employed and also help others. Although there are different kinds of business enterprises that female and male can go into, often times, some businesses are regarded as more suitable for one sex and not the other. This means that there are some gender considerations in the choice of business one goes into and, by extension, in entrepreneurship development.
Apparently, gender attitudes and behaviours may have positive or negative effect on entrepreneurship development in a society or economy.
This research work therefore intends to take a critical look at gender considerations as they affect entrepreneurship development with particular reference to Northern Nigeria in general, using Oju Printing Press Limited Kaduna, Kaduna South Local Government area as a case study, and also to suggest the possible solutions to indentified problems and give recommendations where necessary.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
Entrepreneurship has generally been recognized as a good medium or strategy for economic development of an individual, a community and a nation. It is also a known fact that some gender considerations are often used in the choice of business or even the decision to go into business. For example, some businesses are regarded as more suitable to men than women. The question here is, is this the right approach to economic development through entrepreneurship? Of what effect is this approach to entrepreneurship development?
These and other questions are what this research work intends to find answers to, and, if possible make recommendations where possible.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the gender and entrepreneurship development in Northern Nigeria, also to study some of the gender considerations in entrepreneurship development and its impact on economic development effort in Nigeria particularly Northern Nigeria. The study specifically hopes to suggest possible solutions to any gender related impediments to entrepreneurship development.
1.4 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS
The following hypothesis has been formulated to serve as a guide for the study.
H0: That gender considerations have no significant effect on entrepreneurship development in Northern Nigeria.
H1: That gender considerations, have significant effect on entrepreneurship development in Northern Nigeria.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings of this study will provide a guide for any me on the establishment of a business in Nigeria. This study will help me ensure a proper approach to gender considerations in the decision and to any individual that want to establish a business (entrepreneur) in order to achieve maximum profit and productivity.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The research work will concentrate on gender considerations and entrepreneurship development in Northern Nigeria. The scope is limited to Oju Printing Press Nigeria Limited, Kaduna South, the management, staff and other employees of the organization.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
In the course of this study many problems were encountered. Collection of relevant data was a problem because what the organization regard to their “secret”.
Other limitations of the research include cost of visiting the organization to see the people necessary to get the relevant information. Sometime the staff concerned may not be on seat.
Time was another limiting factor faced by the researcher. A researcher will have to share the limited time.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to any of the numbers below
08068231953, 08137701720,
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp/Telegram, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953, 08137701720, 08154275408
]]>ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COST N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR
YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08137701720,
WHATSAPP/TELEGRAM US ON: 08137701720
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The main strategy for the establishment by the entrepreneurs of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and its promotion by various sectors, is to enhance job creation, promote economic growth, reduce poverty. The importance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in any economy cannot by overemphasis. They constitute the smallest unit of business. They predominate in most sectors of the economy occupying every available space such as form enterprises in the rural areas, provision store, bakery, pure water production, garri processing or food processing industries.
Although, many writers have talked about the financing of the Small and Medium Enterprises in pre-consolidation and post-consolidation periods of Banks towards the enterprises development, the issue of credit accessibility and affordability as it affects economic development has not been stressed. The concern of this research is to examine the extent of promotion accorded the entrepreneurs of Small and Medium Enterprises. (SMEs) and the level of economic development in the rural communities.
The history of industrial revolution in developed and developing economies or countries has shown that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are driving force of industrial development. It is therefore, the attention of the government, the world over to focus on the funding and supporting of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) activities. Available evidence shows that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are characterized by being managed by their owners as proprietorship or partnership. They are largely local in the areas of capital and relatively small size with the industry.
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) predominate in the private sector of the Nigeria economy. Almost all of them are starved of funds. The relative importance of the enterprises differs from one type of business to another. The major areas of business enterprises activities are in manufacturing, rendering services and product distribution.
Banbeck (1983) included in his publication on “Basic Small Business Management” that more than one-third of all the manufacturing firms in Nigeria employ fewer than five persons or none at all and that close to two-thirds employ fewer than twenty workers. His study on the whole revealed that five per cent of non-form business of all kinds employs fewer than fifty workers each.
The characteristics of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) largely constitute the basis of their problems and special needs that have attracted different authorities and sectors in recent past. It is also the focus of this research to critically examine and measure the effects of the government funding programmes on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) activities. Though the result of the findings from the respondents/enterprises, the study will determine how much of the support have been received from the programmes and extent of development experienced in the population Okehi LGA. Kogi State.
The study is further intended to reveal the various enterprises with Okehi communities with a view to identifying their business activities, proffering solutions to the identified challenges impeding their effectiveness and proficiency to achieve economic development.
The research examines in all possible ways, the extent of government funding programmes in the promotion of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the population area as well as the impact on the socio-economic development of the area covered by the scope. The study further identifies the peculiar problems or challenges the SME sub-sector associated with their smooth operations. Possible suggestions to provide engine for economic growth and prosperity in the industries is also the focus of this study.
The research tend to ask and find answers to such guiding questions as
Finally, the research is carried out to uncover the administrative and technical weakness of government and other funding agencies in the efficient and effective implementation of their policies and strategies. That is, do the government and other funding establishments actually realize their goals aimed at promoting and developing Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs).
The broad and primary objective of this research is to find out the extent to which the SMEs funding programmes as promotion strategy have impacted on the development of enterprises in the rural communities. This is further to identifying the all inclusive measurable performance of the enterprises and to proffer possible solution to the challenges posed by SMEs programmes implementation strategies.
To realistically achieve this basic objective, this study will also identify other secondary objectives. This aids the researcher to articulate the enterprises direction as regards where is the enterprise now, what does it want to be and how does it want to get there.
These secondary objectives includes:
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The promotion of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) by the funding institutions is geared towards improving the living standards of especially the rural dwellers in the country. The research signifies the following:
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
A hypothesis is described by Keple (2000) is a prediction of what can be seen in the world of reality. Hypothesis formulation is significant in a research work. It functions as:
Two types of hypothesis; null hypothesis (Ho) and Alternate Hypothesis (Hi) will be adopted for the problem under study.
Hypothesis 1 (Hi): There is significant impact of government funding of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) on socio-economic development of Okehi communities.
Hypothesis 2 (Hi): The operators of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the rural communities can easily access credit facilities from the financial institutions.
Hypothesis 3 (Hi): The government funding of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) especially in the rural communities has brought about high a reduction in poverty level.
RESEARCH QUESTION
To achieve a quality result from the study, the following fundamental questions will serve as guide to the researcher.
7. What are the possible measures to be adopted in minimizing the challenges facing the practice of SMEs in the rural communities?
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
A good research work is normally carried out with some attendant limitations, in this particular study under review, the under mentioned problems were encountered:
1.8. DEFINITION OF TERMS
Various bodies/organization defined SMEs in their own perspective depending on the purpose, objective and use.
In the context and purpose of this research the following definitions were adopted:
Other abbreviations, terms and notation used in this study include but not limited to the following:
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to any of the numbers below
08068231953, 08137701720,
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp/Telegram, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953, 08137701720, 08154275408
]]>ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COST N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR
YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08137701720,
WHATSAPP/TELEGRAM US ON: 08137701720
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AS A TOOL FOR EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN NIGERIA
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The main strategy for the establishment by the entrepreneurs of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and its promotion by various sectors, is to enhance job creation, promote economic growth, reduce poverty. The importance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in any economy cannot by overemphasis. They constitute the smallest unit of business. They predominate in most sectors of the economy occupying every available space such as form enterprises in the rural areas, provision store, bakery, pure water production, garri processing or food processing industries.
Although, many writers have talked about the financing of the Small and Medium Enterprises in pre-consolidation and post-consolidation periods of Banks towards the enterprises development, the issue of credit accessibility and affordability as it affects economic development has not been stressed. The concern of this research is to examine the extent of promotion accorded the entrepreneurs of Small and Medium Enterprises. (SMEs) and the level of economic development in the rural communities.
The history of industrial revolution in developed and developing economies or countries has shown that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are driving force of industrial development. It is therefore, the attention of the government, the world over to focus on the funding and supporting of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) activities. Available evidence shows that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are characterized by being managed by their owners as proprietorship or partnership. They are largely local in the areas of capital and relatively small size with the industry.
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) predominate in the private sector of the Nigeria economy. Almost all of them are starved of funds. The relative importance of the enterprises differs from one type of business to another. The major areas of business enterprises activities are in manufacturing, rendering services and product distribution.
Banbeck (1983) included in his publication on “Basic Small Business Management” that more than one-third of all the manufacturing firms in Nigeria employ fewer than five persons or none at all and that close to two-thirds employ fewer than twenty workers. His study on the whole revealed that five per cent of non-form business of all kinds employs fewer than fifty workers each.
The characteristics of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) largely constitute the basis of their problems and special needs that have attracted different authorities and sectors in recent past. It is also the focus of this research to critically examine and measure the effects of the government funding programmes on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) activities. Though the result of the findings from the respondents/enterprises, the study will determine how much of the support have been received from the programmes and extent of development experienced in the population Enugu South Enugu State.
The study is further intended to reveal the various enterprises with Enugu south communities with a view to identifying their business activities, proffering solutions to the identified challenges impeding their effectiveness and proficiency to achieve economic development.
Entrepreneurship has never been more important than it is today in this time of financial crisis. At the same time, society faces massive global challenges that extend well beyond the economy. Innovation and entrepreneurship provide a way forward for solving the global challenges of the 21st century, building sustainable development, creating jobs, generating renewed economic growth and advancing human welfare. When we speak about entrepreneurship, we are defining it in the broadcast terms and in all forms – entrepreneurial people in large companies, in the public sector, in academia and, of course, those who launch and grow new companies. Now more than ever, we need innovation, new solutions, creative approaches and new ways of operating. We are in uncharted territory and need people in all sectors and at all ages who can “think out of the box” to identify and pursue opportunities in new and paradigm changing ways.
Entrepreneurship can be a societal change agent, a great enabler in all sectors. Not everyone needs to become an entrepreneur to benefit from entrepreneurship but all members of society need to be more entrepreneurial. The public sector, private sector, academia and non-profit sectors all have roles to play in facilitating the development of effective ecosystems that encourage and support the creation of innovative new ventures. We need to create the types of environments that are conducive to encouraging entrepreneurial ways of thinking and behaving.
Much has been written about the impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth. If we are to attain the Millennium Development Goals of reducing poverty, we must develop human capital in all countries and societies, in remote regions as well as major cities, and world. While the contexts around the world vary dramatically, entrepreneurship, in its various forms, can equip people to proactively pursue those opportunities available to them based on their local environments and cultures. We have seen a number of “waves” in entrepreneurship education, starting a century ago, developing in phases and now expanding exponentially. By making entrepreneurship education available to young people and adults alike, we are preparing the next wave of entrepreneurs to enable them to lead and shape our institutions, businesses and local communities and create an enabling environment for sustainable employment.
Entrepreneurship is a sure way to bringing fulfillment to the aspiration of an individual, and a major weapon to curbing unemployment, poverty and underdevelopment problems in any country. Consequently, its importance to the economic wellbeing of an individual and family cannot be over-emphasized. Entrepreneurship is first and foremost a mindset of human beings, focused towards the generation or profitable ideas. Entrepreneurs are visionary, goal-driven, innovative individuals or teams that are oriented to developing a new business and making it a profitable one (Hisrich and Lagan-fox, 2005). Nigerian economy is an emerging one that is characterized by a large influx of entrepreneurs and small and medium enterprises. The emergence of this category of people makes it somewhat important and necessary for researchers to understand and mange them effectively.
Entrepreneurs play an important role in any given economy and are the prime movers of economic development. Entrepreneur is derived from the French verb “entrependre” which means to undertake, to attempt, to try in hand, to contract for, or to adventure (Girad, 1962). Entrepreneurship is the process of wealth creation and individuals referred to as entrepreneurs create this wealth by being innovative. The traditional perspective described entrepreneurship in purely economic terms. For example, Cantillon (1755), describes the entrepreneur as any individual who is self-employed, thereby actively taking the risk of economic uncertainty. The entrepreneur in the context of this paper is the originator or creator of a profit seeking organ of the society or economic organization established for the purpose of providing goods and services for the consumption of the society, in which such organizations located. The entrepreneur is often referred to as the agent of economic, technological and social systems (Ogundele and Olayemi, 2004).
Small businesses are generally regarded as the driving force of economic growth, job creation and poverty reduction in developing countries. They have been the means through which accelerated economic growth and rapid industrialization have been achieved. While the contributions of small businesses to development are generally acknowledged, entrepreneurs face many obstacles that limit their long-term survival and development. Research on small-business development has shown the rate of failure in developing countries is higher than in developed world. (Arinaitwe, 2002). Scholars have been indicated that starting a business is a risky venture and warn that the chances of small-business owners making it past the five-year mark are very slim. Theyshould develop both long-term and short-term strategies to guard against failure (Sauser, 2005; Monk, 2000). In Nigeria, Arowomole, (200) asserted that every successvie government continue to emphasis on entrepreneurship emergence. This is probably to find a better way of nurturing the emergence of entrepreneurship by looking for those determinants that could effectively and positively affect the entrepreneurship emergence as well as the performance.
With reference to above, many past studies have documented the significant impact of entrepreneurial factors such as individual determinants, external factors and firm characteristics on entrepreneurial performance. For instance, Mohd (2005); Blackman (2003); Ogundele (2007); Colin et al., (2005) and Lawal (2005) argued that individual determinant which is also called entrepreneurial characteristics significantly and positively affect both entrepreneurial emergence and entrepreneurial performance. Similarly, Van de ven (1993); Mohd (2005); Arowomole (2000); Kuratko et al., (2004) and (Radiah, Mohd and Ab, 2009) have asserted that external factors predict and significantly affect entrepreneurial performance as well as the emergence of entrepreneurship of any country. With respect of this, Van de van (1993) has further argued that any study within the field of entrepreneurship development without the consideration of external factors which he nicknamed external environment should be considered incomplete and invalid. Accordingly, Johan et al., (2005); Mohd (2005); Lin (2006) and Dean et al., (2000) argued that firm characteristics such as firm size, nature of firm etc affect the performance of the firm. From the above, there is no doubt that past studies have really given attention to the impact of individual determinants, external factors and firm characteristics on firm performance (Rebecca, 2009; William, 2009; Zhang et al., 2008; Okpara et al., 2007; Ogundele, 2007). However, despite this attention extended to these factors, Man, Lau and Chan, (2002) have argued that all these factors reference in this study still deserve further attention in the study of entrepreneurship and small business.
While different factors such as individual determinants, external factors and firm characteristics have been found to influence entrepreneurial performance to different extents, the results are often inconsistent (Man et al., 2002, Yanfeng and Si, 2008, Kisfalvi, 2002; Dean et al., 2000; Pelham, 1999; (Chandler and Hanks, 1994; Cooper, 1993). In order to tackle this problem, past studies have suggested contingency relationships on different conditions and interactions (Fanga, Evans and Zou, 2005; man et al., 2002).
This research attempts to ascertain, empirically, the determinants of entrepreneurial emergence and performance as a tool for sustainable employment, as perceived by indigenous entrepreneurs in Nigeria. The assumptions being tested are that entrepreneurial emergence and performance though affected by several sets of factors if properly tackled can serve as a means or tool for sustainable employment for the Nigerian populace.
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The financial and economic crisis has added to the pre-existing economic, social and political challenges in Nigeria. Thus, there is an urgent challenge to develop policies and strategies to generate decent and productive jobs through the promotion of sustainable micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises in Nigeria. Recognizing the role of the entrepreneurship for growth, employment creation and poverty reduction, countries in the West African region are encouraged to engage in a process of sound economic reform, particularly tackling the promotion of an enabling business environment and the adequacy of the education system, which the labour market needs.
Nigeria facesmany problems. The challenges faced by entrepreneurs in developing countries are monumental and quite similar.
There is massive unemployment, partly as a result of retrenchment in government and organizations. Due to the economic situation of the country, more “entrepreneurs” are emerging. This is as a result of the unavailability of jobs (i.e. more supply of labor, less demand for it) in the market, and the need or search for survival.
Another challenge is the unstable and highly bureaucratic business environment. The laws governing private enterprise, especially business registration and taxation systems, are believed to be overly and difficult to understand. Contract and private property laws are often poorly designed and/or enforced. As suggested by Kiggundu(2002), Pope (2001), and Stevenson (1998) the unfavorable institutional/regulatory environment is often accompanied by the added expenses of corruption and bribery. Other problems encountered by entrepreneurs in transition economics include poor macroeconomic policies, limited access to short-term and long term financial capital, and a lack of managerial experience. Nigerian entrepreneurs reported that they were frequently harassed by government officials who extorted money from their businesses.
Poor infrastructure including bad roads, water shortage, erratic electric supply, and poor telecommunication system represent additional challenges faced by small business owners (Mambula, 2002).
Difficulty in gaining access to bank credits and other financial institutions proved to be a major obstacle hindering the process of Nigerian entrepreneurship emergence.
The most serious and damaging problem threatening the state of entrepreneurship in Nigeria is a lack of government interest in and support for MSEs (Ariyo, 2005). This poor attitude toward for private sector explains why there explains why there has never been any real attempt on the part of government to develop any programs or lasting policies to support small businesses.
This research project studies the critical importance of sustainable enterprises through entrepreneurship in achieving social development goals, economic diversification, income generation and poverty reduction in Nigeria. It also highlights a number of challenges facing the crucial development of entrepreneurship. Some of the challenges are structural; others are the result of the ongoing financial and economic crisis. A conducive business environment with an efficient legal and regulatory framework is primordial for entrepreneurship as a tool for sustainable job creation.
The research examines in all possible ways, the extent of government funding programmes in the promotion of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the population area as well as the impact on the socio-economic development of the area covered by the scope. The study further identifies the peculiar problems or challenges the SME sub-sector associated with their smooth operations. Possible suggestions to provide engine for economic growth and prosperity in the industries is also the focus of this study
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The underlying principle of this study is to examine the importance on entrepreneurship as a tool for sustainable employment. The study is also geared towards achieving the following objectives:
To examine the viability of entrepreneurship as a tool for sustainable employment.
To raise awareness of the importance of entrepreneurship as a tool for sustainable employment.
Consolidate existing knowledge and good practices in entrepreneurship around the world to enable the development of innovative new tools and approaches.
Provide recommendations to governments, academia, the private sector and other actors on the development and delivery of effective entrepreneurship.
1.3 RELEVANT RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following questions were designed to probe into the viability of entrepreneurship as a tool for sustainable employment.
Is entrepreneurship really a tool for sustainable employment?
What impact does entrepreneurship have on sustainable employment?
What challenges does entrepreneurship face in creating sustainable employment?
Are there other benefits of entrepreneurship apart from creating sustainable employment?
Does entrepreneurship guarantee sustainable employment?
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study is expected to make contribution to knowledge in the following areas:
Provide information about entrepreneurship in relation to sustainable employment in the Nigerian economy.
An essential material for scholarly discourse in management science relating to Entrepreneurship.
Assist in providing information on the viability of entrepreneurship as a tool for sustainable employment in the Nigerian economy.
Provide information on the challenges of entrepreneurship in Nigerian.
Provide information for future research works on entrepreneurship/
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
1. H0: Entrepreneurship is not a tool for sustainable employment.
H1: Entrepreneurship is a tool for sustainable employment.
2. H0: Environmental and Personal factors affect entrepreneurship as a tool for sustainable employment.
H1: Environmental and Personal factors do not affect entrepreneurship as a tool for sustainable employment.
1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY
The study focuses on the viability of entrepreneurship as a tool for sustainable employment in the Nigerian economy. It systematically analyses the steps involved in becoming an entrepreneur and creating sustainable employment.
1.7 LIMITATION OF STUDY
The study is limited in scope to finding out how entrepreneurship can serve as tool for sustainable employment. However, the selection of few small and medium scale business owners in Enugu south remains a limitation of the study, as a result of inability to consider the total population of small and medium scale business owners in Enugu south. Time, cost and instruments are also part of the limitation of study. Hence, the generalization of the finding is restricted as a result of time and cost constraint.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to any of the numbers below
08068231953, 08137701720,
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp/Telegram, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953, 08137701720, 08154275408
]]>ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COST N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR
YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08137701720,
WHATSAPP/TELEGRAM US ON: 08137701720
AN EXAMINATION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENT AMONG UNDERGRADUATE LEARNERS.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Entrepreneurial intention can be significantly improved and motivated if adequate knowledge and skills through education is encouraged and imparted in order to ignite the creativity and talents that people are endowed with to make meaningful production of value for the benefits of the society. This makes entrepreneurship education very essential in increasing entrepreneurial intention as it has been noted that entrepreneurship education can positively influence students to become productive in the area of entrepreneurship (Mahendra, Djatmika, & Hermawan, 2017). Consequently, in the last decades, the concept of entrepreneurship education in both formal and informal educational settings have become vital as a result of constant and increasing economic problems such as unemployment (García-Rodríguez, 2017). Furthermore, Kalyoncuoğlu, Aydıntan, and Gökse (2017) argued that it is vital for higher educational institutions to provide entrepreneurship education for students in order to enable the students effectively identify and improve on innovative and creative skills because they will be the driving force of economic development in future. Dogan (2015) argued that the availability of successful entrepreneurs and the increase of the number of entrepreneurs in a society are dependent on entrepreneurship education and having an aspiration for entrepreneurship.
Over the years, countries around the world have become increasingly concerned about promoting entrepreneurship studies and activities as a way of stimulating economic growth and development and the generation of employment (García-Rodríguez, 2017).This is due to the fact that entrepreneurship activities contribute immensely to the socio-economic development of the society as it affords individuals the opportunity to create value to the society and generate employment for themselves and others.
According to Aladejebi (2018) interest in Entrepreneurship Education in Nigeria has been increasing with more private tertiary institutions including entrepreneurial education in their curriculum in view of the growing population coupled with huge unemployment figures. Entrepreneurial education can be a motivating tool for especially young people to develop interest in identifying opportunities that will make them independent and enhance their ability for value creation whereby they can be employers of labour rather than to be employees.
Moreover, entrepreneurship orientation and education can create the ability and motivation of the individual to engage in meaningful activities or vocation. Suleiman (2006) asserted that, entrepreneurship is the willingness and the ability of an individual to seek investment opportunities in order to run an enterprise successfully (Suleiman, 2006). The willingness been a motivation that determines the entrepreneur’s interest to take up risks and opportunities and the ability which is borne out of proper education and training in a required area or vocation.
In view of the need to develop willingness and ability in the individual, undergraduates in tertiary institutions in Nigeria engage in both theoretical and practical entrepreneurship education in various vocations. The theoretical education includes topics on management, finance, business and innovation while the practical aspect covers several skills ranging from shoe making, catering services, hair dressing, website design, photography, videography, bead making, fashion and design and lots more. An individual chooses any of these vocations and undertakes training in it till graduation thus enabling the student to graduate in such a vocation as a specialist. Expectedly, most of the trainees develop quality interest in their vocations such that most of them begin to make products or render services from their vocation and sell even while in school.
1.2 Statement of the problem
There have been in cent times the challenge of entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates as a drive to entrepreneurial activities.
It is important that entrepreneurship education should be encouraged and given all the required support as it is one of the better ways for motivating individuals to make informed choices on how to create wealth. In the word of Fatoki and Oni (2014) argued that entrepreneurship education among undergraduate students can increase entrepreneurship intentions as students will be willing to set up their businesses after their graduation which makes it a burden for the tertiary institutions to take centre stage in the process of continuous development of entrepreneurship education and practices in Nigeria.
1.3 Objectives of the study
i. to determine the effect of entrepreneurship knowledge on entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates in Nigeria.
ii. to determine the effect of entrepreneurship skills on entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates in Nigeria.
1.4 Research Questions
i. What is the effect of entrepreneurship knowledge on entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates in Nigeria.
ii. What is the effect of entrepreneurship skills on entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates in Nigeria.
1.5 Significance of the study
It is expected that this study will yield quality outcomes for entrepreneurship theory and practice in Nigeria and the entrepreneurship body of knowledge. Specifically, this study will produce findings that will be of benefit to educational and vocational institutions involved in entrepreneurship studies and training in Nigeria. The findings from this study will further enrich the curriculum used for teaching and training of undergraduates in Nigeria tertiary educational institutions on entrepreneurship studies. The study findings would be of benefit for use in formulating policies relating to entrepreneurship studies and empowerment of youths for taking up opportunities in small business ownership and creation of wealth.
1.6 Research Hypothesis
H0: There is no relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial development among undergraduates
H1: There is a relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial development among undergraduates
H0: Entrepreneurial intention does not have a significant effect on entrepreneurial activities
H1: Entrepreneurial intention have a significant effect on entrepreneurial activities
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to any of the numbers below
08068231953, 08137701720,
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp/Telegram, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953, 08137701720, 08154275408
]]>ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COST N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR
YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08137701720,
WHATSAPP/TELEGRAM US ON: 08137701720
ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS AND ENGAGEMENT IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Entrepreneurial intention can be significantly improved and motivated if adequate knowledge and skills through education is encouraged and imparted in order to ignite the creativity and talents that people are endowed with to make meaningful production of value for the benefits of the society. This makes entrepreneurship education very essential in increasing entrepreneurial intention as it has been noted that entrepreneurship education can positively influence students to become productive in the area of entrepreneurship (Mahendra, Djatmika, & Hermawan, 2017). Consequently, in the last decades, the concept of entrepreneurship education in both formal and informal educational settings have become vital as a result of constant and increasing economic problems such as unemployment (García-Rodríguez, 2017). Furthermore, Kalyoncuoğlu, Aydıntan, and Gökse (2017) argued that it is vital for higher educational institutions to provide entrepreneurship education for students in order to enable the students effectively identify and improve on innovative and creative skills because they will be the driving force of economic development in future. Dogan (2015) argued that the availability of successful entrepreneurs and the increase of the number of entrepreneurs in a society are dependent on entrepreneurship education and having an aspiration for entrepreneurship.
Over the years, countries around the world have become increasingly concerned about promoting entrepreneurship studies and activities as a way of stimulating economic growth and development and the generation of employment (García-Rodríguez, 2017).This is due to the fact that entrepreneurship activities contribute immensely to the socio-economic development of the society as it affords individuals the opportunity to create value to the society and generate employment for themselves and others.
According to Aladejebi (2018) interest in Entrepreneurship Education in Nigeria has been increasing with more private tertiary institutions including entrepreneurial education in their curriculum in view of the growing population coupled with huge unemployment figures. Entrepreneurial education can be a motivating tool for especially young people to develop interest in identifying opportunities that will make them independent and enhance their ability for value creation whereby they can be employers of labour rather than to be employees.
Moreover, entrepreneurship orientation and education can create the ability and motivation of the individual to engage in meaningful activities or vocation. Suleiman (2006) asserted that, entrepreneurship is the willingness and the ability of an individual to seek investment opportunities in order to run an enterprise successfully (Suleiman, 2006). The willingness been a motivation that determines the entrepreneur’s interest to take up risks and opportunities and the ability which is borne out of proper education and training in a required area or vocation.
In view of the need to develop willingness and ability in the individual, undergraduates in tertiary institutions in Nigeria engage in both theoretical and practical entrepreneurship education in various vocations. The theoretical education includes topics on management, finance, business and innovation while the practical aspect covers several skills ranging from shoe making, catering services, hair dressing, website design, photography, videography, bead making, fashion and design and lots more. An individual chooses any of these vocations and undertakes training in it till graduation thus enabling the student to graduate in such a vocation as a specialist. Expectedly, most of the trainees develop quality interest in their vocations such that most of them begin to make products or render services from their vocation and sell even while in school.
1.2 Statement of the problem
There have been in cent times the challenge of entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates as a drive to entrepreneurial activities.
It is important that entrepreneurship education should be encouraged and given all the required support as it is one of the better ways for motivating individuals to make informed choices on how to create wealth. In the word of Fatoki and Oni (2014) argued that entrepreneurship education among undergraduate students can increase entrepreneurship intentions as students will be willing to set up their businesses after their graduation which makes it a burden for the tertiary institutions to take centre stage in the process of continuous development of entrepreneurship education and practices in Nigeria.
1.3 Objectives of the study
i. to determine the effect of entrepreneurship knowledge on entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates in Nigeria.
ii. to determine the effect of entrepreneurship skills on entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates in Nigeria.
1.4 Research Questions
i. What is the effect of entrepreneurship knowledge on entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates in Nigeria.
ii. What is the effect of entrepreneurship skills on entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates in Nigeria.
1.5 Significance of the study
It is expected that this study will yield quality outcomes for entrepreneurship theory and practice in Nigeria and the entrepreneurship body of knowledge. Specifically, this study will produce findings that will be of benefit to educational and vocational institutions involved in entrepreneurship studies and training in Nigeria. The findings from this study will further enrich the curriculum used for teaching and training of undergraduates in Nigeria tertiary educational institutions on entrepreneurship studies. The study findings would be of benefit for use in formulating policies relating to entrepreneurship studies and empowerment of youths for taking up opportunities in small business ownership and creation of wealth.
1.6 Research Hypothesis
H0: There is no relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial development among undergraduates
H1: There is a relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial development among undergraduates
H0: Entrepreneurial intention does not have a significant effect on entrepreneurial activities
H1: Entrepreneurial intention have a significant effect on entrepreneurial activities
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to any of the numbers below
08068231953, 08137701720,
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp/Telegram, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953, 08137701720, 08154275408
]]>ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COST N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR
YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08137701720,
WHATSAPP/TELEGRAM US ON: 08137701720
ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG UNDERGRADUATES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Entrepreneurial intention can be significantly improved and motivated if adequate knowledge and skills through education is encouraged and imparted in order to ignite the creativity and talents that people are endowed with to make meaningful production of value for the benefits of the society. This makes entrepreneurship education very essential in increasing entrepreneurial intention as it has been noted that entrepreneurship education can positively influence students to become productive in the area of entrepreneurship (Mahendra, Djatmika, & Hermawan, 2017). Consequently, in the last decades, the concept of entrepreneurship education in both formal and informal educational settings have become vital as a result of constant and increasing economic problems such as unemployment (García-Rodríguez, 2017). Furthermore, Kalyoncuoğlu, Aydıntan, and Gökse (2017) argued that it is vital for higher educational institutions to provide entrepreneurship education for students in order to enable the students effectively identify and improve on innovative and creative skills because they will be the driving force of economic development in future. Dogan (2015) argued that the availability of successful entrepreneurs and the increase of the number of entrepreneurs in a society are dependent on entrepreneurship education and having an aspiration for entrepreneurship.
Over the years, countries around the world have become increasingly concerned about promoting entrepreneurship studies and activities as a way of stimulating economic growth and development and the generation of employment (García-Rodríguez, 2017).This is due to the fact that entrepreneurship activities contribute immensely to the socio-economic development of the society as it affords individuals the opportunity to create value to the society and generate employment for themselves and others.
According to Aladejebi (2018) interest in Entrepreneurship Education in Nigeria has been increasing with more private tertiary institutions including entrepreneurial education in their curriculum in view of the growing population coupled with huge unemployment figures. Entrepreneurial education can be a motivating tool for especially young people to develop interest in identifying opportunities that will make them independent and enhance their ability for value creation whereby they can be employers of labour rather than to be employees.
Moreover, entrepreneurship orientation and education can create the ability and motivation of the individual to engage in meaningful activities or vocation. Suleiman (2006) asserted that, entrepreneurship is the willingness and the ability of an individual to seek investment opportunities in order to run an enterprise successfully (Suleiman, 2006). The willingness been a motivation that determines the entrepreneur’s interest to take up risks and opportunities and the ability which is borne out of proper education and training in a required area or vocation.
In view of the need to develop willingness and ability in the individual, undergraduates in tertiary institutions in Nigeria engage in both theoretical and practical entrepreneurship education in various vocations. The theoretical education includes topics on management, finance, business and innovation while the practical aspect covers several skills ranging from shoe making, catering services, hair dressing, website design, photography, videography, bead making, fashion and design and lots more. An individual chooses any of these vocations and undertakes training in it till graduation thus enabling the student to graduate in such a vocation as a specialist. Expectedly, most of the trainees develop quality interest in their vocations such that most of them begin to make products or render services from their vocation and sell even while in school.
1.2 Statement of the problem
There have been in cent times the challenge of entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates as a drive to entrepreneurial activities.
It is important that entrepreneurship education should be encouraged and given all the required support as it is one of the better ways for motivating individuals to make informed choices on how to create wealth. In the word of Fatoki and Oni (2014) argued that entrepreneurship education among undergraduate students can increase entrepreneurship intentions as students will be willing to set up their businesses after their graduation which makes it a burden for the tertiary institutions to take centre stage in the process of continuous development of entrepreneurship education and practices in Nigeria.
1.3 Objectives of the study
i. to determine the effect of entrepreneurship knowledge on entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates in Nigeria.
ii. to determine the effect of entrepreneurship skills on entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates in Nigeria.
1.4 Research Questions
i. What is the effect of entrepreneurship knowledge on entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates in Nigeria.
ii. What is the effect of entrepreneurship skills on entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates in Nigeria.
1.5 Significance of the study
It is expected that this study will yield quality outcomes for entrepreneurship theory and practice in Nigeria and the entrepreneurship body of knowledge. Specifically, this study will produce findings that will be of benefit to educational and vocational institutions involved in entrepreneurship studies and training in Nigeria. The findings from this study will further enrich the curriculum used for teaching and training of undergraduates in Nigeria tertiary educational institutions on entrepreneurship studies. The study findings would be of benefit for use in formulating policies relating to entrepreneurship studies and empowerment of youths for taking up opportunities in small business ownership and creation of wealth.
1.6 Research Hypothesis
H0: There is no relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial development among undergraduates
H1: There is a relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial development among undergraduates
H0: Entrepreneurial intention does not have a significant effect on entrepreneurial activities
H1: Entrepreneurial intention have a significant effect on entrepreneurial activities
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to any of the numbers below
08068231953, 08137701720,
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp/Telegram, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953, 08137701720, 08154275408
]]>ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COST N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR
YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08137701720,
WHATSAPP/TELEGRAM US ON: 08137701720
ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN NIGERIA
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Nigeria is bedeviled by a myriad of problems which, despite her oil wealth, inhibit her development and even threaten her continued existence as a sovereign state. Nigeria’s socio- political and economic circumstances give the significant indication that many of her problems stem from an origin of artificial colonial construct which lumped together a variety of separate peoples. Fragmentation of the nation is seen as a distinct possibility unless its citizens can be induced to accept a new sense of Nigerian identity, involving a commitment to the survival of the present state as a cohesive entity. This would necessitate a number of radical changes, not only in the political and economic structure of the country but also in the psychology of the people. Nigerians have lived through series of administrations under different governments, and the question still arises, ‘is Nigeria a nation at all?’ A critical look at what the government calls reform reveals a personally instituted concept of governance, filling the seats of power with those they believe to be their kin, rather than have professionals in the positions of merit, and a breed of people typified by their integrity of heart, ingrained in the trainings and qualifications they have received in the course of service to the nation.
The increasing number of those who are not gainfully employed or adequately educated in the country, remain preys as political tools of violence as it has been seen in the history of violence occurring in the country over a period of time. The country has depended much on oil as its major source of revenue for years, however, the current administration also fails to recognize that the future of the country may very well depend on the economy of its people (the youths), which is possibly the only untapped, ill harnessed, most lucrative resource of the country. If it remains this way in the next ten years, putting into consideration the effect of increased poverty, lack of employment, poor educational system, it is unpredictable what the result will be.
Statement of the Problem
Education in Nigeria is devoid of the element crucial to averting the surging rate of unemployment in the country, therefore the breeding of psychological dependence on direct access to money. Entrepreneurial development through education will advance the economy of the nation; much credence should be given to it and ingrained with focus on profitable personal development. Unemployment prevails in the country, hence, the growth of violence, poverty and segregation amongst citizens, because the educational system itself fails to empower the ones passing through it.
This should be the core message of the evolving educational policy of Nigeria which is devoid of a system of education that emphasizes on the need to culture the country’s young through the knowledge of rudimentary entrepreneurial development, common cultural heritage, and identification of exploitable strengths of structures, systems and cultures of others.
Objectives of the Study
1. To appraise if educational styles arouse interest of students in the industries of their discipline.
2. To explore the effectiveness of entrepreneurial development course/training in education in universities that offer it.
3. To see if the current university educational system stimulates entrepreneurial creativity in its students
Research Questions
1. Do the educational strategies arouse in the students mature curiosity in the industries of their discipline?
2. Are the entrepreneurial development strategies being implemented truly effective?
3. Does the university classroom stimulate creativity necessary for entrepreneurship in the students?
Significance of the Study
The focus of this study brings to the fore the crucial need for entrepreneurial education in Nigeria, putting more consideration on the educational system, strategies and its eventual social developmental effect in the society.
The study highlights the problems of the level of education in the country and its equivalence to level of poverty in the society by virtue of lack of employment or knowledge of how to startup businesses.
One of the MDG goals highlights education as a critical factor for reducing poverty and dependency in developed nations. Therefore, this thesis contributes to knowledge by
identifying what is important to the economy, which is qualitative education focused on the
needs of the economy per time, rather than the resolution of the United Nations to increase budgetary details or increasing the number of people that go through school. This is not the first paper on entrepreneurial education; however, it is the first to do a comparative study on what is being implemented by different universities to see its effectiveness in order to ascertain the strategy which would eventually help for the Nigerian economy in truly eradicating unemployment in Nigeria.
Scope of the Study
The study examines the role of entrepreneurial education in the development of Nigeria, its significance in the reduction of unemployment in Nigeria and including a comparison between universities that implement para-entrepreneurship educational systems. The study considered the undergraduates of the current university system, from levels one to the final year, those who gained admission into the university in the last five (5) years. This study period is considered to be relevant because of its immediate impact on the future of Nigeria, through which one can discover if the role education plays currently will facilitate national development.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to any of the numbers below
08068231953, 08137701720,
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp/Telegram, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953, 08137701720, 08154275408
]]>BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COST N10,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR
YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08137701720
WHATSAPP US ON: 08137701720
INTERNET OF THINGS AND THE SECURITY OF OUR BUSINESSES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Being connected online means that people can have instant conversations with anyone around the world. We can also store and send large amounts of data, and run our entire business from multiple, connected devices. Real-time information is streamed to various platforms, providing users with accurate and timely information to help make the best decisions.
But, increasingly, more people are demanding the integration of various devices that can communicate with each other for the benefit of the user. This is what leads to the concept of the Internet of Things.
The Internet of Things is simple to define. As the Guardian summarizes, “It’s about connecting devices over the internet, letting them talk to us, applications, and each other.”
Perhaps one of the easiest ways to understand the Internet of Things is with an example. We already know you can now obtain real-time, instant information from a range of devices. Let’s say you’re at work and an app on your phone alerts you to a sudden rainfall. Knowing that this will mean an increase in road accidents, you can then use apps such as Google Maps to get real-time traffic updates – and this information can be sent from your phone to your car’s navigation system without you needing to do anything.
You can also begin controlling the temperature of your home before you return. Heat Genius is one example that “allows you to control your heating from anywhere via your mobile, laptop or tablet”. This all provides a convenient, safe and economical way to use technology because they’re all able to communicate with each other.
Any modern business should have the integration of various devices well within their radar for solutions. It doesn’t necessarily mean trying to develop apps that talk to cars. It’s more about recognizing the reality of connected devices.
The Internet of Things allows for more efficient data gathering from multiple sources. Considering the vast amounts of data that can be accumulated from various connected sources, businesses have an advantage. Data from users’ homes, offices, cars, phones and browsing habits can all be used to tell you a great deal. Whether it’s seeing how long users spend on specific parts of your website or obtaining feedback on service delivery, data from connected devices can provide thorough, real-time information that you can use to your business’ advantage.
The diversity of connected devices also means that businesses can start considering the development of new products and services to offer clients. Whether it’s banks offering clients mobile apps, or stores allowing payments with mobile phones, customers expect their convenience to be placed high in terms of priority. This benefits your business too, since what’s convenient and secure for customers is often more efficient for you.
Of course, while all this is exciting for you and your business, we can’t overlook the security concerns the Internet of Things presents. Consider these security risks of the Internet of Things and ensure that you take the necessary steps to improve security for yourself, your business and your customers. The Internet of Things will benefit your business but, like any tool, we must know what it means to use it efficiently.
There may have been previous researches in this subject. This work gives further explanations and analysis in internet of things and the security of our businesses
H0: There is no relationship between internet of things and the security of our businesses
H1: There is a relationship between internet of things and the security of our businesses
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERICAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#10,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
http://graduateprojects.com.ng/
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COST N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR
YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08137701720
WHATSAPP US ON: 08137701720
IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT ON NIGERIA’S ECONOMY
Abstract:
This study investigates the multifaceted relationship between agricultural output and the Nigerian economy, recognizing the pivotal role agriculture plays in shaping economic dynamics. The research explores the impact of agricultural production on key economic indicators, including Gross Domestic Product (GDP), employment rates, and foreign exchange earnings. Employing a comprehensive analysis of historical data and statistical models, the study aims to discern the direct and indirect effects of agricultural performance on broader economic stability. Additionally, it considers the influence of external factors such as global market trends, climate variability, and policy interventions. The findings contribute valuable insights to policymakers, economists, and stakeholders, offering informed perspectives on the interdependence between agricultural productivity and the overall economic well-being of Nigeria. As the nation seeks sustainable development and economic resilience, understanding the intricacies of the agricultural-economic nexus becomes imperative for fostering informed decision-making and strategic planning.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Agriculture has long been recognized as a cornerstone of the Nigerian economy, playing a crucial role in providing food, raw materials, and employment opportunities for the populace. The sector has historically been a major contributor to Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a primary source of livelihood for a significant portion of the population. The economic significance of agriculture is underscored by its linkages to various other sectors, making it a key driver of overall economic development.
Over the years, Nigeria has witnessed shifts in economic dynamics, with the agriculture sector experiencing both challenges and opportunities. Despite the growth of other sectors such as oil and services, agriculture remains central to the country’s economic fabric. Understanding the intricate relationship between agricultural output and the broader economy is essential for formulating effective policies, fostering sustainable development, and enhancing economic resilience.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
While the importance of agriculture in the Nigerian economy is widely acknowledged, there is a need for a nuanced understanding of how fluctuations in agricultural output impact economic indicators. The nation has encountered challenges such as low productivity, inadequate infrastructure, and vulnerability to external factors like climate change, which can affect the overall performance of the agricultural sector. This study seeks to address these challenges by examining the specific ways in which changes in agricultural output reverberate through the economic landscape.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The primary objectives of this research are as follows:
To assess the historical trends in agricultural output in Nigeria.
To examine the impact of agricultural output on key economic indicators, including GDP, employment rates, and foreign exchange earnings.
To identify the factors influencing agricultural productivity in Nigeria.
To evaluate the effectiveness of existing agricultural policies in enhancing economic growth and development.
To provide recommendations for policymakers, stakeholders, and the agricultural community to promote sustainable agricultural practices and economic development.
1.4 Research Questions
To guide the investigation, the study addresses the following research questions:
What are the historical trends in agricultural output in Nigeria?
How does agricultural output impact key economic indicators, including GDP, employment rates, and foreign exchange earnings?
What factors influence agricultural productivity in Nigeria?
How effective are existing agricultural policies in enhancing economic growth and development?
What recommendations can be made to promote sustainable agricultural practices and economic development?
1.5 Significance of the Study
This study holds significant importance in several dimensions. Firstly, it contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between agricultural output and the Nigerian economy. Secondly, the findings can inform policymakers and government agencies in crafting strategies that harness the potential of the agricultural sector to drive economic growth and development. Additionally, stakeholders in the agricultural value chain stand to benefit from insights that may enhance productivity, improve market access, and foster sustainable practices.
1.6 Scope of the Study
This research focuses on the impact of agricultural output on the Nigerian economy within a specified timeframe. The study covers historical trends, key economic indicators, and influencing factors related to agricultural productivity. While acknowledging the multifaceted nature of the agricultural sector, the research confines its scope to specific aspects that directly relate to economic implications.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
]]>ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COST N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR
YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08137701720
WHATSAPP US ON: 08137701720
THE ROLE OF LEADERSHIP PARTICIPATION IN PROMOTING COOPERATIVE SOCIETY
[A STUDY OF KRPC MULTI- PURPOSE COOPERATIVE SOCIETY LTD)
ABSTRACT
This study examines the role of leadership participation in promoting cooperative. A survey method was used for the study 310 respondents were included in the study. They were member of Kaduna refinery petrochemical company (KRPC). A 18 item questionnaire was used for the study. The questionnaire was based on five likert scale. Three research questions were developed to guide the study. Frequencies and mean score were used as statistical analysis. Research findings show that leadership participation, if well practiced can play a very significant role towards member’s socio-economic development, such cooperative have helped members to develop the spirit of saving and held them to do establish their own business. It was recommended among others that extensive cooperative education should be given to members especially in the case of investment and credit cooperative.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Declaration ii
Approval page iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Abstract vi
Table of contents vii
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introductions – – – – – – – – 6
2.1 The concept of cooperative – – – – – – 6
2.2 The concept of leadership – – – – – – 8
2.3 The role of the leadership participation in promoting cooperative 9
2.4 Activities involved in role of leadership participation in promoting
cooperative – – – – – – – – 10
2.5 The problem that militate against the role of leadership participation in
promoting cooperative – – – – – – 11
2.6 Summary of the review – – – – – – 12
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – 13
3.2 Research design – – – – – – – 13
3.3 Population of the study – – – – – – 13
3.4 Sample size and sampling procedures – – – – 14
3.5 Instrumentation – – – – – – – 14
3.5.1 Validity – – – – – – – – 15
3.5.2 Reliability – – – – – – – – 15
3.6 Procedures for statistical analysis- – – – – 16
3.7 Limitation of the study – – – – – – 16
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – 17
4.2 Answering research Question – – – – – 18
4.3 Summary of findings – – – – – – – 25
4.4 Discussion of findings – – – – – – 25
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – 27
5.2 Summary – – – – – – – – 27
5.3 Conclusion – – – – – – – – 28
5.4 Recommendations – – – – – – – 28
5.5 Suggestions for further researches – – – – – 30
References – – – – – – – – 31
Appendix – – – – – – – – – 32
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Leadership is as old as human being, there is no human endeavour that does not require proper leadership (management) for it to function effectively. For example, government establishment, business enterprises, mosque, church, hospital and cooperative societies all requirement leadership to promote and make them function properly.
Therefore, leadership is one of that human instrument that regulate all organization effectively, they set up goals for any organization to achieve effectively in other words, they perform the managerial functions of planning, controlling, directing, coordinating and organizing.
The role of leadership participation in promoting cooperative is found as a research problem which aimed at identifying the importance of leadership participation in cooperative society so as to satisfy the members economic needs and the degree of productivity to be obtained from.
Cooperative movement however came into existence when these mutual obligations of traditionalist in the society were phrased out of their formal organization of business out fit.
This condition led to the birth of the modern cooperatives, as a result of industrial revolution in August 1844. These efforts were made by some industrialist with the same common interest. But in the case of our country Nigeria, it was slightly different because it was a reflection of it by colonial maters that we had Nigerians have greatly seen the need for cooperative movement, because an average Nigerian is faced with economic problems which is even worst that that which was experienced in Europe during the industrial revolution.
The word cooperative is distinctive, which must be made between formal and informal cooperative. In the widest sense cooperative means people working together so as to achieve their goals. But the most widely formal definition of cooperative is the one put down by I.C.A – 1995. Cooperative is an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their economic, social and cultural needs, and aspiration through a jointly owned and democratically controlled enterprise (I.C.A. 1995).
The role of leadership participation in promoting cooperative society cannot be over emphasized, thus leadership plays a very important role in promoting cooperative society.
Leadership is a basic requirement needed for the success of any cooperative movement.
Therefore, any cooperative society that does not consider the above one is found to have slow promotion or no development at all and will eventually lead to all sort of problems.
From the past decades, cooperative societies in Nigeria are referred to as part time business organization, the management committee are elected without following the laid down procedure for cooperative movement for charity organization, this make them less committed to the smooth running of the society.
The objectives of the study includes the following:
The study talks about how to examine the role of leadership participation in promoting cooperative. This study covers the activities involved in the role of leadership participation and the problem encountered in leadership participation as well as possible way to alleviate those problem.
The study is based in Kaduna refinery petro-chemical company, (K.R.P.C).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
]]>