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STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION IN FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Education is a means through which young and old members of the society are taught about their expected behaviour of the society and the rules of polity, the values, skills attitudes and knowledge that equip the individual to achieve personal and society development and progress Ozigi (2014).
Education also according to Donald 2006 in compel Nwaose 2016 is a process of teaching and learning in which students acquire practical knowledge, values, and skills for effective participation in the society.
Accounting is the process of recording, identifying, measuring, and communicating financial of economic information to permit informed judgment and decisions by the users of the information. (AMERICAN ACCOUNTING ASSOCIATION) AAA.1996 in Richard 2000.
According to the Government Accounting Standard Board (2000), accounting is the systematic process of identifying, recording, measuring, classifying, verifying, summarizing, income and loss for a given period and the value of firms’ assets, liabilities and owner’s equality.
Accounting has also been defined as a system of principles and techniques, which permits the recordings, analysis, interpretation and communication of financial information as an aid to managerial decision – making. The recording phase of accounting is commonly called Book – keeping and it is the analysis, classification and systematic recording of day to day business transactions.Book-keeping is also defined as the recording of business transactions in a systematic way such that financial position can be readily ascertained(ELURO 2006).
A study of financial accounting is therefore concerned with the process of measurement and communication, both of business income and the financial position of an entry.
Accounting is a subject that is offered in Nigeria secondary schools, polytechnics and universities. Accounting subjects comprises management accounting, financial accounting, cost accounting, public sector accounting, taxation and auditing.
The bedrock of accounting is an understanding of the underlying principles and an appreciation of the techniques and skills necessary for their application. Unlike the natural science, accounting is not based on fundamental laws or absolute precepts. Rather accounting principles are generalization which have evolved over many years through trial and error and which accounting practice can be evaluated. As it teaches ethnical behaviour in personal and business affairs, such behaviour include punctuality, honestly, hard work and sanctity of human life etc.Accounting is logical reasoning in the form of a set of broad principles that are capable of providing a frame of reference by which accounting practice can be evaluated, and realization of these objectives can only be attested through the qualification of the teacher and his experience or by way of impacting knowledge skill, it must train the student to be adopted, it must extend the horizon of his interest and must also develop his personality of which some of the aims designed to be achieved.
Notwithstanding the importance of this subject in our everyday life, we still find from available statistics that a large percentage of the present day student population in various school, have little or no interest in accounting subject. This is more evidence from the mass failure recorded in senior Waec last year (Nwosu Campbell 2017). However, the aim of this project therefore is to of factors influencing the performance of students in financial accounting subjects in Enugu east local government.
Statement of the Problem
Financial Accounting in the secondary school curriculum is to prepare the students for Senior Secondary SchoolCertificate Examination (SSCE) which will enable the holders further their education or to engage inclerical work in the office as an account clerk. But it has been observed by many researchers that many students have no interest in accounting. Those that indicated interest by registering for it in SSCE hardly perform well. Some of them that secured clerical job have not been able to adjust to the practical working of financial accounting and finally some of those that gained admission for further studies have not been able to cope up due to their poor foundation in financial accounting. For example SSCE (2017) analysis of percentage performance of candidate offered accounting in SSCE for 2015, 2016 and 2017 revealed 52.48%,58.21% and 51.85% respectively, failed financial accounting. (obiakor 2017) Wace office.
It is as a result of the above statements that make the researcher embark on this research work “the factors influencing performance students in financial accounting Subjects in all Government own secondary School in Enugu East Local government Area of Enugu State”.
Purpose of the Study
The major purpose of the study is to examine thefactors influencing the performance of students in financial accounting at SSCE level in Government Secondary Schools in Enugu East Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Specifically the study intends to indentify:
Scope of the Study
This study is meant to analyze the factors influencing the performance of student in financial accounting subject at SSCE level in Enugu East Local Government. This study is limited to Government owned Secondary Schools in Enugu East Local Government Area of Enugu State.
Significance of the study
This research will of benefit to the students, parents, curriculum developers, teachers and government.
Interested students or researchers who may want to carry out similar study will find this work very worthwhile. Students will also have relevant manipulative skill and become a saleable member of the society. It would also build the confidence in them as they contribute their quota in the society thereby making good living from the acquired skills. The students who have acquired such skills would be self-reliant and useful to themselves, industrial sector and society at large. The study also will help students become more strategic learners who can take significant responsibility for their learning.
This study will also be helpful to the curriculum developers to review the accounting syllabus in the future.
The outcome of this study would be beneficial to the government, being the Policy maker in planning and decision-making. It would help in policy formulation, Implementation, evaluation and reformation. The study will reveal to the government the appropriate strategies needed for improving teaching and learning of financial accounting subject in our school system, with the aim of helping to adopt them by providing grant in aid to secondary schools.
To the financial accounting teachers; the study will reveal appropriate teaching strategies that could improve the teachers effectiveness in teaching of financial accounting, It is hoped that the teachers will employ them, thereby improving teaching and learning process.
1.4 Research Questions
Based on the specific objectives, the researcher deducted the following research questions:
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420
WHATSAPP US ON 08137701720
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING SUBJECT IN ALL GOVERNMENT OWNED SECONDARY SCHOOL IN ENUGU EAST LOACL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ENUGU STATE.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover page —————————————————————– I
Title page ————————————————————— –II
Certification———————————————————————III
Approval page —————————————————————- IV
Dedication ——————————————————————— V
Acknowledgement ————————————————————VI
Table of contents ———————————————————— VII
Abstract ———————————————————– VIII
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background of the study —————————————————– 1
Statement of the problem —————————————————-3
Purpose of the study ————————————————-3
Scope of the study ————————————————-4
Significance of the study ————————————————–4
Research question —————————————————-5
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Conceptual framework ——————————————————-7
Theoretical framework ——————————————————17
Review of related empirical studies ————————————— 18
Summary of review of related literature ———————————- 19
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODS/ METHODOLOGY
Research design ———————————————————– 20
Area of the study ————————————————————20
Population of the study —————————————————20
Sample and sampling technique ——————————————20
Validity of the instrument ———————————————— 21
Reliability of the instrument ———————————————21
Method of data collection ————————————————–21
Method of data analysis ————————————————– 21
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT
Research questions ——————————————————–22
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, IMPLICATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, CONCLUSIONS, LIMITATION AND FURTHER SUGGESTION
Discussions of the results ————————————————– 27
Summary of the finding —————————————————— 28
Conclusions ———————————————————————-29
Educational implications ————————————————– 29
Recommendations ——————————————————– -30
Limitation ———————————————————————– 31
Suggestion for further research ——————————————- 31
References —————————————————————— 32
Appendix A —————————————————————34
Appendix B —————————————————————35
Appendix c —————————————————————— 35
Appendix D —————————————————————– 37
Questionnaire ————————————————————– 38
Abstract
The topic of this research is factors influencing the performance of students in financial accounting subject in all government owned secondary school in Enugu east local government area of Enugu state. The purpose of this study is to find out the students factors, parents factors, teachers factors, government factors and administrative factors influencing the performance of students in financial accounting subject. From the purpose of the study the researcher formulated the research questions. A descriptive survey design was adopted in this research. The population of the study is 2331 which is made up of all government secondary school students and teachers in Enugu East local government area of Enugu state which was gotten from post primary school management board Enugu. The sample size was 341, the sampling techniques used was yaro yamani formular. The instrument used for data collection was questionnaire. The instrument was validated using face validity by experts in measurement and evaluation. The reliability coefficient of 0.85 was obtained using Pearson product moment correlation. Based on the result of the Finding, it was concluded that students, parents, teachers, government and administrative factors influence the performance of students in Financial Accounting Subject. Consequently, it was recommended among others that school administrators should provide enough time for the teaching and learning of financial accounting and also parents should always encourage their wards by equipping them with the necessary materials needed to study accounting.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Education is a means through which young and old members of the society are taught about their expected behaviour of the society and the rules of polity, the values, skills attitudes and knowledge that equip the individual to achieve personal and society development and progress Ozigi (2014).
Education also according to Donald 2006 in compel Nwaose 2016 is a process of teaching and learning in which students acquire practical knowledge, values, and skills for effective participation in the society.
Accounting is the process of recording, identifying, measuring, and communicating financial of economic information to permit informed judgment and decisions by the users of the information. (AMERICAN ACCOUNTING ASSOCIATION) AAA.1996 in Richard 2000.
According to the Government Accounting Standard Board (2000), accounting is the systematic process of identifying, recording, measuring, classifying, verifying, summarizing, income and loss for a given period and the value of firms’ assets, liabilities and owner’s equality.
Accounting has also been defined as a system of principles and techniques, which permits the recordings, analysis, interpretation and communication of financial information as an aid to managerial decision – making. The recording phase of accounting is commonly called Book – keeping and it is the analysis, classification and systematic recording of day to day business transactions.Book-keeping is also defined as the recording of business transactions in a systematic way such that financial position can be readily ascertained(ELURO 2006).
A study of financial accounting is therefore concerned with the process of measurement and communication, both of business income and the financial position of an entry.
Accounting is a subject that is offered in Nigeria secondary schools, polytechnics and universities. Accounting subjects comprises management accounting, financial accounting, cost accounting, public sector accounting, taxation and auditing.
The bedrock of accounting is an understanding of the underlying principles and an appreciation of the techniques and skills necessary for their application. Unlike the natural science, accounting is not based on fundamental laws or absolute precepts. Rather accounting principles are generalization which have evolved over many years through trial and error and which accounting practice can be evaluated. As it teaches ethnical behaviour in personal and business affairs, such behaviour include punctuality, honestly, hard work and sanctity of human life etc.Accounting is logical reasoning in the form of a set of broad principles that are capable of providing a frame of reference by which accounting practice can be evaluated, and realization of these objectives can only be attested through the qualification of the teacher and his experience or by way of impacting knowledge skill, it must train the student to be adopted, it must extend the horizon of his interest and must also develop his personality of which some of the aims designed to be achieved.
Notwithstanding the importance of this subject in our everyday life, we still find from available statistics that a large percentage of the present day student population in various school, have little or no interest in accounting subject. This is more evidence from the mass failure recorded in senior Waec last year (Nwosu Campbell 2017). However, the aim of this project therefore is to of factors influencing the performance of students in financial accounting subjects in Enugu east local government.
Statement of the Problem
Financial Accounting in the secondary school curriculum is to prepare the students for Senior Secondary SchoolCertificate Examination (SSCE) which will enable the holders further their education or to engage inclerical work in the office as an account clerk. But it has been observed by many researchers that many students have no interest in accounting. Those that indicated interest by registering for it in SSCE hardly perform well. Some of them that secured clerical job have not been able to adjust to the practical working of financial accounting and finally some of those that gained admission for further studies have not been able to cope up due to their poor foundation in financial accounting. For example SSCE (2017) analysis of percentage performance of candidate offered accounting in SSCE for 2015, 2016 and 2017 revealed 52.48%,58.21% and 51.85% respectively, failed financial accounting. (obiakor 2017) Wace office.
It is as a result of the above statements that make the researcher embark on this research work “the factors influencing performance students in financial accounting Subjects in all Government own secondary School in Enugu East Local government Area of Enugu State”.
Purpose of the Study
The major purpose of the study is to examine thefactors influencing the performance of students in financial accounting at SSCE level in Government Secondary Schools in Enugu East Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Specifically the study intends to indentify:
Scope of the Study
This study is meant to analyze the factors influencing the performance of student in financial accounting subject at SSCE level in Enugu East Local Government. This study is limited to Government owned Secondary Schools in Enugu East Local Government Area of Enugu State.
Significance of the study
This research will of benefit to the students, parents, curriculum developers, teachers and government.
Interested students or researchers who may want to carry out similar study will find this work very worthwhile. Students will also have relevant manipulative skill and become a saleable member of the society. It would also build the confidence in them as they contribute their quota in the society thereby making good living from the acquired skills. The students who have acquired such skills would be self-reliant and useful to themselves, industrial sector and society at large. The study also will help students become more strategic learners who can take significant responsibility for their learning.
This study will also be helpful to the curriculum developers to review the accounting syllabus in the future.
The outcome of this study would be beneficial to the government, being the Policy maker in planning and decision-making. It would help in policy formulation, Implementation, evaluation and reformation. The study will reveal to the government the appropriate strategies needed for improving teaching and learning of financial accounting subject in our school system, with the aim of helping to adopt them by providing grant in aid to secondary schools.
To the financial accounting teachers; the study will reveal appropriate teaching strategies that could improve the teachers effectiveness in teaching of financial accounting, It is hoped that the teachers will employ them, thereby improving teaching and learning process.
1.4 Research Questions
Based on the specific objectives, the researcher deducted the following research questions:
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420
WHATSAPP US ON 08137701720
FUNCTIONAL ACCOUNTING EDUCATION CURRICULUM FOR SUSTAINABLE YOUTH EMPOWERMENT IN EDO STATE
ABSTRACT
The research profers an analytical and theoretical framework of functional accounting education curriculum for sustainable youth empowerment. It appraises the nature of a functional accounting education curriculum and determines its significance in youth empowerment. The research seek to determine functional accounting education curriculum for youth empowerment in Edo state.
INTRODUCTION
The primary goal of accounting education is to produce competent and ethical professional accountants capable of making a positive contribution over their lifetimes to the profession and society in which they work. In the face of increasing changes that they will meet later as professional accountants, it is essential that students develop and maintain an attitude of learning to learn, to maintain their competence later as professional accountants .The accounting program curriculum should provide a foundation of professional knowledge, professional skills, and professional values, ethics and attitudes that enable them to continue to learn and adapt to change throughout their professional lives. These capabilities will enable professional accountants to identify problems, know where to find this knowledge and know how to apply it in an ethical manner to achieve
appropriate solutions. The balance of these elements may vary but what is
required is to develop the knowledge base, strong skills and ethical values in order to produce competent professional accountants with appropriate values, ethics and attitudes.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The field of accounting offers stimulating and challenging work that is constantly evolving. The accounting education program seeks to prepare the student for a general accounting career and eventual entry to any of the four major fields of accountancy: public practice, commerce and industry, government and education.Specific sample job opportunities are the following:Entry-leveljobs.Public Practice: Auditor, Tax Accountant, Management Consultant, Financial Adviser, Forensic AccountantCommerce and Industry: Cost Analyst, Investment Analyst, Financial Accounting & Reporting Staff, Management Accounting Staff, Tax Accounting Staff, Internal Audit Staff, Financial Analyst, Budget Analyst, Credit Analyst, Cost Accountant.Government: State Accounting Examiner, NBI Agent, Treasury Agent, State Accountant, LGU Accountant, Revenue Officer, Audit Examiner, Budget Officer, Financial Services SpecialistEducation: Junior Accounting Instructor
Middle-level positionsPublic Practice: Senior Audit Manager, Senior Tax Manager, Senior Consulting Manager/Financial Advisory Manager
Commerce and Industry: Comptroller, Senior Information Systems Auditor,
Senior Loan Officer, Senior Fraud Examiner, Senior Forensic Auditor
Government: State Accountant V, Director III and Director IV, Government
Accountancy and Audit, Financial Services Manager, Audit Services Manager, Senior AuditorEducation: Senior Faculty, Accounting Department Chair
Advanced positionsPublic Practice: Partner, Senior Partner, Senior Consultant/Financial Advisor
Commerce and Industry: Chief Financial Officer, Chief Information Officer
Government: National Treasurer, Vice President for Finance/CFO (for
GOCCs), Commissioner, Associate Commissioner, Assistant Commissioner, (COA, BIR, BOC)
Education: Vice President for Academic Affairs, Dean
The research intends to investigate functional accounting education curriculum for sustainable youth empowerment in edo state.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The need to provide sustainable youth empowerment has often being viewed from other dimensions than through accounting education. Accounting education profers numerate and financial skill required for the management and accountability of monetary and other resources needed in both entrepreneurial and large enterprises.The need for a functional accounting educational curriculum is therefore imperative.The problem confronting this research is to determine functional accounting education curriculum for sustainable youth empowerment in edo state.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTION
1 What is the nature of a functional accounting curriculum
1 What is the significance of a functional accounting education
2 What is the role of functional accounting education curriculum in sustainable youth empowerment in edo state
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH
1 To determine the nature of a functional accounting education curriculum
2 To appraise the role of functional accounting education curriculum for sustainable youth empowerment in Edo state
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH
The research shall profer a new dimensional approach to youth empowerment through functional accounting education curriculum
It shall elucidate the nature of functional accounting education curriculum for youth empowerment
It shall serve a veritable source of information on accounting education curriculum
1.6 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS
1 Ho The level of accounting education in edo state is low
Ho The level of accounting education in edo state is high
2 Ho The level of youth empowerment in edo state is low
Hi The level of youth empowerment in edo state is high
3 Ho The effect of fuctional accounting education curriculum on sustainable youth empowerment in edo state is low
Ho The effect of functional accounting education curriculum on sustainable youth empowerment in edo state is high
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The research shallprofer an analytical and theoretical framework of functional accounting curriculum for sustainable youth empowerment in edo state.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
ACCOUNTING EDUCATION DEFINED
Accounting Education means that education which teaches recording and maintaining books of accounts . This education came in existence after mathematics and Economics science . In the point of facts , if It should be said that above education is the base of accounting education .
In accounting education , we learn what is way of recording our different transactions. With this education , we can calculate our business’s result relating to different transactions and events . It is not easy to find to reward or return on investment made by businessman .
CURRICULUM DEFINED.
The term curriculum refers to the lessons and academic content taught in a school or in a specific course or program. In dictionaries, curriculum is often defined as the courses offered by a school, but it is rarely used in such a general sense in schools. Depending on how broadly educators define or employ the term, curriculum typically refers to the knowledge and skills students are expected to learn, which includes the learning standards or learning objectives they are expected to meet; the units and lessons that teachers teach; the assignments and projects given to students; the books, materials, videos, presentations, and readings used in a course; and the tests, assessments, and other methods used to evaluate student learning. An individual teacher’s curriculum, for example, would be the specific learning standards, lessons, assignments, and materials used to organize and teach a particular course.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420