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EFFECT OF STRESS ON EMPLOYEES PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SERVICE INDUSTRY
Abstract:
In today’s competitive business environment, stress has become a prevalent issue affecting employees in the service industry, which demands high levels of customer interaction and satisfaction. This study aims to explore the impact of stress on the productivity of employees in the service sector, identifying the key stressors and examining their influence on work performance and overall job satisfaction.
A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The quantitative component included a survey distributed to 300 employees across various service industries, including hospitality, retail, and customer service. The survey measured perceived stress levels using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and productivity using a customized productivity questionnaire. The qualitative component consisted of in-depth interviews with 20 employees and 5 managers to gain deeper insights into the sources of stress and their perceived impact on productivity.
The results indicate a significant negative correlation between stress and productivity, with high stress levels associated with reduced work output, lower quality of service, and increased absenteeism. Key stressors identified include workload, time pressure, customer interactions, and job insecurity. The study also highlights the role of organizational support, such as stress management programs and a supportive work environment, in mitigating the adverse effects of stress on employee productivity.
This research underscores the need for service industry organizations to recognize and address workplace stress proactively. By implementing effective stress management strategies, organizations can enhance employee well-being, improve productivity, and maintain a high level of customer satisfaction.
Keywords: Stress, Employee Productivity, Service Industry, Workplace Stressors, Organizational Support, Job Satisfaction.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
References
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E-MARKETING IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES
ABSTRACT
Information and communication technology has made the world go round. This is well recognized in the area of marketing by turning to e-marketing to help expand business growth. This can be said of tourism particularly in the area of hospitality. It has helped them to expand their business contacts and brings businesses to limelight and thereby making it more popular and more recognized. Therefore this study investigated the Prospects and Problems of E-marketing in hospitality industry. The research questions were: What is the prevalence of the use e-marketing in the hospitality industry in Nigeria? What are the reasons for the use of e-marketing in the hospitality industry in Nigeria? What are the impacts of e-marketing on the hospitality industry in Nigeria?
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The development of the internet has brought unprecedented development in new methods of conducting business and transaction which has affected different aspects of lives and professions including marketing. Different definition has been proffered for internet marketing. According to Chaffey et al. (2000) internet marketing involve the use of the internet and other digital technologies to conduct marketing activities. (Kotler&Armstrong, 2004) viewed internet marketing as consisting of activities which facilitate the sale of products and services and also promote customer relationships over the Internet. The application of Online marketing, which is also referred to as internet marketing, makes use of interactive, virtual spaces for the aim of promoting and selling goods and services. In fact, new synchronous, internet-based communication technologies introduce flexibility, speed of time and cost effectiveness in the conduct of business activities over the internet.
To gain competitive advantage in the demanding tourist market, it is important nowadays for a hotel company to have its own website, promote its products through social networks and mobile applications, use e-mail as a channel of communication with its business partners and customers, and apply all available information-communication technology (ICT). It needs to provide all information for potential clients in one place at any time of day, from anywhere in the world. That can be possible by using innovative ways of communication and by adapting business operations to demanding requirements of the modern tourist market. This imposes the innovation of practices and the implementation of new technologies in business processes. Therefore, there is a need for awareness about the necessity of applying ICT in the hotel business.
The online marketing is doubtless one of nowadays most powerful advertising methods. All companies, and notably in the Tourism and Hospitality industry, are fiercely competing to lead and overwhelm the online space in order to shift market shares from competition, increase their online traffic and make more profits. It is always required for any company wishing to succeed its e-marketing strategy, to ensure that all of its online space is well managed and that it is entirely under control. Moreover, updates and innovations in the online world are a must to attract customers and keep their interest constantly stimulated.
It is crystal clear that e-marketing in hospitality involves the dissemination information and creating awareness of the services rendered in hospitality. Some of the advantages of engaging in e-marketing transactions by the e-marketingsites include reduction of transaction and operational costs, maximising efficiency and convenience of receiving payments online, among many other benefits. The way an e-marketing hotel site handles the transactions goes a long way in determining customer trust, loyalty, retention and referral, which will further boost sales and profits.E-marketing in hospitality is not just about setting up computers and businesses, but encompasses a larger scope. It is about doing business with an entirely different mind-set, using a medium that challenges the very basic rules of traditional ways of doing business. E-marketing is all about a perfect interface between business management, strategy and technology with a view to serving the customers more satisfactorily.
According to an article published on the Nigerian Punch (February 7, 2016) titled ‘Prospects and Challenges of E-commerce in Nigeria,’ it was stated that many people have not yet fully adopted the new purchasing technology as according to a research, out of 70 per cent of respondents who know about e-Commerce, only about 32 per cent of them actually use it. Browsing and searching, 74 per cent, selection of a product, 56 per cent, paying online, 15 per cent, paying offline, 82 per cent and online checking of results, 43 per cent are most common online activities by Nigerians in percentage. These figures clearly show that although a huge percentage looked for information online, many of them are reluctant to pay online. The major reasons for this arefear of inadequate online security of their data when making payments and lack of trust in online retailers.It is in the light of this that this study aims to examine the prospects and problems of e-marketing in hospitality industry.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Lack of proper infrastructure, taxation, security issues, privacy concerns, high cost of shipping goods to and from Nigeria, low penetration of credit cards usually required to shop online (debit cards are the common payment cards available in Nigeria), unreliable distribution and delivery processes, residual distrust of paying online in a society where cash is the king, etc. All these issues are generally common with e-marketing in any other developing country including Nigeria. E-marketing in hospitality industry has faced numerous problems among them are: Lack of trust as online trust consists of consumer perceptions of how the site would deliver on expectations, how true the site’s information is, and how much confidence the site commands. Because of the increase level of cybercrime today, many customers are having doubt about the validity of internet marketing. Another one is lack of security and privacy; the issue of privacy constitutes a major problem involving the use of the internet. Many individual personal data are shared over the internet to other users .Customers’ data can easily be shared with other firms without their permission. Other important personal data such as usernames and passwords are not immune from hackers. This study will accurately provide adequate information on the prospects and problems of E-marketing in hospitality industry.
1.3 Research Questions
These are some of the questions the study is designed to answer:
i) What is the prevalence of the use e-marketing in the hospitality industry in Nigeria?
ii) What are the reasons for the use of e-marketing in the hospitality industry in Nigeria?
iii) What are the impacts of e-marketing on the hospitality industry in Nigeria?
1.4 Objectives of the Study
The objective of this study is to investigate the challenges and prospects of e-marketing in hospitality industry in Nigeria. The specific objectives are:
i) To establish the prevalence of the use e-marketing in the hospitality industry in Nigeria.
ii) To examine the reasons for the use of e-marketing in the hospitality industry in Nigeria.
iii) To investigate the impacts of e-marketing on the hospitality industry in Nigeria.
1.5 Research Hypotheses
The research hypotheses to be tested include:
i) There is a significant difference between e-marketing and hospitality patronage
ii) There is a significant correlation between online booking and hospitality industry
1.6 Significance of the Study
The significance of the study is based on the fact that if findings of the researcher are well implemented, it will facilitate and improve the development of religion towards tourism. It is hoped that this study would answer some questions of what impacts religion have on hospitality and tourism industry. The study will also arouse researchers investigate ways of improving religion Tourism.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The scope of this study is limited only to Nigeria so that more in depth information could be obtained to propose proper recommendations to the Government for improvement and development of this industry.
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CONTRIBUTION OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY TO THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Worldwide, tourism grew phenomenally from 25 million arrivals in 1950 to 808 million in 2005, with an average annual growth rate of 6.5 percent. In 2005, tourist arrivals in Africa registered only 37 million (or 5 percent of the world as compared to 444 million arrivals (55 percent) in Europe, 156 million (19 percent) in Asia/ Pacific, 133 million (16 percent) in the Americas, and 38 million (5 percent) in the Middle East Over the decade of the 1990s, Africa has experienced a rise in tourist arrivals from 8.4 million to 10.6 million and receipts growth from $2.3 billion to
$3.7 billion, In spite of this, there are only few empirical studies that investigated the contributions of tourism to economic growth and development for African economies. (Fayissa, 2007).
It’s understood that tourism contributed three per cent to Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product in 2012 and 2.8 per cent of total employment. (Jimoh, 2013). According to the travel and tourism competitiveness index (TTCI) 2013, Nigeria performed relatively well on three important pillars of the TTCI:
It is agreed that, if Nigeria must take a place in the committee of great nations, it cannot but begin to make intentional efforts to source revenue outside of oil. One major area where Nigeria could muster some financial strength is the tourism industry. (Spotlight magazine, 2013). The federal government has restated its commitment to diversifying the nation’s revenue base, with a plan to prepare the tourism sector to generate more earnings and create more jobs. (Gregory, & Ajibola, 2013).
The tourism industry offers the opportunity to lessen the country’s dependence on oil revenue, if properly harnessed. At the present level the industry annual revenue is about N80 billion. (George, 2013). The important roles of the tourism sector as the main instrument in socioeconomic development of any nation can be overstated. Although some of the tourist centres in Nigeria are not well developed to promote socioeconomic development however,
Nigeria’s tourism sector is still operating below capacity even as tourism becomes the fastest growth industry globally. The tourism industry is a powerful driver of the economic train of the nations. The industry generates over US$ 1 trillion per annum in direct earnings. Moreover the lack of adequate empirical data has hindered policy makers and other stakeholders on the viability of most of the existing tourism destinations in Nigeria. (Ajibola, 2013).
Depending on the reports tourism sector has seriously under performed. In 2011, only 715,000 tourists visited the country from 1995 – 2011. Nigeria’s highest earnings from tourism were a meager 688 million dollars in 2008. International tourism generated 0.72 per cent of Nigeria’s total export earnings in 2011, finally on the WTO rankings Nigeria is nowhere to be found in the top ten travel destinations in Africa. According to analysts, Nigeria’s tourism sector has potential to generate $4 billion yearly. The sector has been described as under-utilized contributing a meager 0.5 percent to its GDP. However, it has since been selected as one of six priority areas central to the revival of the country’s economy in view of declining global oil price. (Kehinde, 2013).
1.2 Statement of the problem
Nigeria does not have an accurate record of tourism contribution to GDP, as the tourism minister hinted during a TV interview it materialized that the sector does not generate anything close to the tourism earnings in South Africa and Dubai, even with almost 500 tourist sites and attractions in the country. (Ajibola, 2013).
The fiscal impact of the tourism industry is usually assessed at the macroeconomic level and can be measured in several, different ways. The conventional measurement focuses on tourism receipts and the contribution of tourism to a country’s GDP. (Olu, 2012). More recently, The WTTC has reported titled travel and tourism economic impact 2012 put the total contribution of travel and tourism to Nigeria’s GDP at N598.6 billion, which represents 1.6 per cent of the total GDP, and 6.3 per cent per annum from 2012 to 2022. Furthermore, travel and tourism directly supported 838,500 jobs or 1.4 per cent of total employment in 2011. This will be also expected to rise by 3.7 per cent annually to 1,289,000 jobs or 1.6 per cent of total employment in 2022.The report also puts investment in the travel and tourism sub-sectors in Nigeria in 2011 at N 251.5 billion, while forecasting growth in this area at 1.5 percent in 2012 and a rise of 2.4 per cent per annum from 2012 to 2022 (Adewole, 2012).
1.3 Objectives of the study
1. To understand the level of contribution of hospitality industry in Nigeria
2. To understand the relationship between the hospitality industry and Nigeria national development
1.4 Research questions
1. What is the level of contribution of hospitality industry in Nigeria?
2. What is the relationship between the hospitality industry and Nigeria national development?
1.5 Research hypothesis
H0: There is no relationship between the hospitality industry and the economic development of Nigeria
H1: There is a relationship between the hospitality industry and the economic development of Nigeria
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ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF MCULINARY ARTS CULTURE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF CATERING IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
This work discusses assessment of the contribution of culinary arts culture to the development of catering in nigeria.
.A hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed among culinary practitioners from selected states in Nigeria. Interviews and surveys were also conducted.
Primary and secondary data will be used in the analysis. Tables and percentages will also be used as the instrument of analysis
It will be observed therefore that there is a strong relationship between the contribution of culinary arts culture to the development of catering in nigeria
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
References
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Studying the culinary arts can help improve your life in many ways, and can allow you to improve the lives of the people you end up cooking for as well.
At its core, attending a culinary arts program will allow you to learn the skills and knowledge that are required of a chef in the kitchen, which includes not only knowing how to cook but also how to create new dishes, how to keep the kitchen safe, how to run the kitchen efficiently and more. While this is important, you could also argue that some of this can be learned by working your way up in a restaurant instead – to an extent, of course.
However, there’s more to the culinary arts than just learning how to be a professional chef. Studying the culinary arts can help improve your life in many ways, and can allow you to improve the lives of the people you end up cooking for as well. The following are just a few of the reasons why you should study the culinary arts:
Learn to appreciate cooking as an art form: Preparing food isn’t just about sustenance or about helping people enjoy what they eat (although those are certainly two reasons to prepare food for people), it’s also about sharing art with people. The way you plate your dishes is an art form in itself, something that your customers can take pleasure in looking at. Then there’s the way that you combine aromas and tastes to create different feelings, in the same way that paintings use colors and form to incite different emotions. By studying culinary arts, you’ll learn how to appreciate food as an art form. This, in turn, will result in you putting more care into the food you create, and potentially allow for more fulfillment from watching customers enjoy your food.
Learn to appreciate different cultures: Food is closely intertwined with culture. Think about all the different foods that are available from all over the world and how people often pass down family recipes from one person to another. By studying culinary arts, you’ll learn how different cultures prepared different types of foods. This will give you a much greater appreciation for different cultures, which in turn helps to build empathy for people in general. You can share your knowledge of different cultures with your customers by implementing various ingredients or cooking techniques used by different cultures in your dishes, thereby helping to spread an appreciation for different styles of cooking. This is an incredibly effective way to get people to open up to new things, especially if they haven’t been exposed to different cultures.
Learn how you can encourage a healthy lifestyle: Good culinary arts programs will teach you about nutrition. Many chefs these days have emphasized the importance of creating delicious dishes that are actually healthy in order to promote nutrition to their customers. It’s why many restaurants offer vegan options these days. Some restaurants, such as farm-to-table restaurants, also practice sustainability and environmental responsibility. By act of being farm-to-table, they spread awareness for those important subjects to their customers.
Have the ability to travel the world: One of the advantages of going to a culinary school instead of working your way up in a local restaurant is that a culinary arts degree could give you the opportunity to seek chef positions all over the world. Not only can traveling the world provide some enlightening experiences that will help to shape your view of life as well as your thoughts about food, but you’ll be able to share your personal experiences with the people you meet throughout the world as well.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Learn from many professionals in your field: Instead of just learning from a single chef at a restaurant, you’ll be taught by numerous culinary professionals, all with their own unique experiences and skill sets, which they will share with you. This allows for a more well-rounded view on the culinary arts that will have a positive influence on your future.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Studying culinary arts will help you expand your horizons in many ways. Not only will it help you become a professional chef, it will give you a deeper appreciation for food as culture, food as art, your health and more, all of which you can pass on to your customers through your own culinary efforts.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
H0: There is no relationship between activities of culinary arts and development of catering industry in Nigeria
H1: There is a relationship between activities of culinary arts and development of catering industry in Nigeria
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
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Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408
]]>BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
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ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF FUEL SUBSIDY REMOVAL ON HOSPITALITY BUSINESS IN NIGERIA USING HOTEL AS A CASE STUDY
Abstract
The removal of fuel subsidies in Nigeria has been a contentious policy shift with far-reaching economic implications. This study assesses the impact of this policy change on the hospitality sector, using hotels as a focal point. Fuel subsidies have historically kept energy costs low, directly influencing operational expenses across various industries, including hospitality. With their removal, businesses face increased fuel and energy costs, potentially affecting their profitability and service delivery.
This research employs a case study approach, focusing on a selection of hotels in Nigeria to evaluate how the removal of fuel subsidies has influenced their operational costs, pricing strategies, and overall business performance. Data were collected through a combination of financial reports, surveys, and interviews with hotel managers and industry experts.
Our findings reveal a significant increase in operational expenses, particularly in areas such as electricity generation and transportation. This increase has forced many hotels to adjust their pricing strategies, which in turn has affected customer satisfaction and occupancy rates. Additionally, the study highlights adaptive strategies employed by hotels, such as investing in alternative energy sources and enhancing energy efficiency to mitigate the impact of rising costs.
The analysis underscores the broader economic repercussions of subsidy removal on the hospitality industry, including potential job losses and decreased competitiveness. The study concludes with recommendations for policy makers to consider supportive measures that can help the hospitality sector navigate this transition, such as incentives for renewable energy adoption and improved energy infrastructure.
By providing a detailed examination of the effects of fuel subsidy removal on the hotel industry, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the challenges and adaptive strategies within Nigeria’s hospitality sector. It offers valuable insights for industry stakeholders and policy makers aiming to foster a resilient and sustainable business environment amidst economic reforms.
Chapter One:
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Nigeria, with its vast natural resources, has long been a significant player in the global oil market. For decades, the government has implemented fuel subsidies to keep the cost of petroleum products affordable for its citizens. These subsidies have been a cornerstone of economic policy, aimed at reducing the cost of living and supporting various industries, including transportation, manufacturing, and hospitality. However, the sustainability of fuel subsidies has been a contentious issue, with critics arguing that they drain public finances, promote inefficiencies, and encourage corruption.
In recent years, the Nigerian government has made moves towards removing these subsidies, citing economic pressures and the need for more efficient allocation of resources. The removal of fuel subsidies is expected to have wide-ranging implications across various sectors of the economy. One such sector is the hospitality industry, which is particularly sensitive to changes in operational costs due to its reliance on energy for day-to-day operations.
The hospitality industry, encompassing hotels, restaurants, and tourism services, plays a crucial role in Nigeria’s economy. It contributes significantly to employment, foreign exchange earnings, and cultural exchange. Hotels, in particular, are energy-intensive establishments, relying heavily on fuel for electricity generation, cooking, and transportation services. Therefore, any fluctuations in fuel prices can have profound effects on their operational costs, pricing strategies, and overall profitability.
Nigeria, one of Africa’s largest economies, is heavily dependent on its oil resources. For many years, the Nigerian government has maintained a system of fuel subsidies aimed at making petroleum products more affordable for its population. These subsidies have been a double-edged sword; while they have kept fuel prices low and helped to cushion the cost of living, they have also led to significant fiscal burdens, inefficiencies, and market distortions.
In recent times, the sustainability of fuel subsidies has come under intense scrutiny. The government, facing economic pressures such as declining oil revenues and a growing fiscal deficit, has taken steps towards removing these subsidies. The removal of fuel subsidies is expected to lead to an increase in fuel prices, which will have ripple effects across various sectors of the economy.
One of the sectors that is likely to be significantly impacted by this policy change is the hospitality industry, which includes hotels, restaurants, and tourism services. This industry is energy-intensive, relying heavily on fuel for electricity generation, cooking, heating, and transportation. Hotels, in particular, represent a critical component of the hospitality sector, providing accommodation and a range of services to both domestic and international guests.
Given the high energy consumption of hotels, any increase in fuel prices can directly affect their operational costs, leading to higher prices for services, potential reductions in profit margins, and possibly affecting their competitive positioning in the market. Despite the critical importance of this issue, there is limited empirical research that specifically examines the impacts of fuel subsidy removal on the hospitality sector in Nigeria.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The removal of fuel subsidies is expected to lead to an increase in fuel prices, which in turn could elevate the cost of operations for hotels in Nigeria. This rise in operational costs can affect the profitability and sustainability of hotels, potentially leading to higher room rates, reduced customer patronage, and a shift in the competitive landscape. Despite the critical importance of this issue, there is a paucity of empirical studies that examine the specific impacts of fuel subsidy removal on the hospitality sector in Nigeria.
Given the substantial role that hotels play in the hospitality industry and their vulnerability to changes in fuel prices, it is essential to conduct a thorough assessment of the effects of fuel subsidy removal on hotel operations. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating how the removal of fuel subsidies affects the financial performance, operational strategies, and overall sustainability of hotels in Nigeria.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The primary objective of this study is to assess the effect of fuel subsidy removal on the hospitality business in Nigeria, using hotels as a case study. The specific objectives are:
To examine the impact of fuel subsidy removal on the operational costs of hotels in Nigeria.
To analyze the effect of increased fuel prices on hotel pricing strategies and customer patronage.
To evaluate the coping mechanisms adopted by hotels to mitigate the impact of fuel subsidy removal.
To assess the overall effect of fuel subsidy removal on the financial performance and sustainability of hotels in Nigeria.
1.4 Research Questions
To achieve the objectives of this study, the following research questions will be addressed:
How does the removal of fuel subsidies affect the operational costs of hotels in Nigeria?
In what ways do increased fuel prices influence the pricing strategies and customer patronage of hotels?
What coping mechanisms do hotels adopt to mitigate the impact of fuel subsidy removal?
What is the overall effect of fuel subsidy removal on the financial performance and sustainability of hotels in Nigeria?
1.5 Significance of the Study
This study is significant for several reasons:
Policy Implications: The findings of this study will provide valuable insights for policymakers regarding the broader economic implications of fuel subsidy removal. This can inform future policy decisions aimed at balancing economic efficiency with social welfare.
Industry Insights: Hotel owners and managers will gain a better understanding of how changes in fuel prices affect their operations and profitability. This can help them develop more effective strategies to manage cost increases and sustain their businesses.
Academic Contribution: The study will contribute to the existing body of literature on energy economics and hospitality management, providing empirical evidence on the relationship between fuel prices and hotel performance in a developing country context.
Consumer Awareness: By highlighting the potential impact of fuel subsidy removal on hotel prices and services, consumers can make more informed decisions regarding their hospitality choices.
1.6 Scope of the Study
This study focuses on the hospitality industry in Nigeria, with a specific emphasis on hotels. The scope is limited to examining the impact of fuel subsidy removal on hotel operations, pricing strategies, customer patronage, and financial performance. The study will utilize a case study approach, selecting a sample of hotels across different regions of Nigeria to provide a comprehensive analysis.
1.7 Definition of Key Terms
Fuel Subsidy: Financial assistance provided by the government to reduce the cost of fuel for consumers.
Hospitality Industry: A broad category of fields within the service industry that includes lodging, food and drink service, event planning, theme parks, travel, and tourism.
Operational Costs: Expenses associated with the day-to-day functioning of a business, including costs for energy, labor, maintenance, and supplies.
Pricing Strategies: The methods used by businesses to set the prices for their products or services.
Financial Performance: A measure of a firm’s profitability, financial health, and ability to generate income.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to any of the numbers below
08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408 (1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408
]]>BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COST N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR
YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408
WHATSAPP US ON: 08137701720
THE CHALLENGES OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
The need to have standard hotels in Oba cannot be over-emphasized. This is because of the part they play in the socio-economic growth of the town.
They assist travelers coming into the city in the provision of comfort and other facilities to residents of the city.
In order to lend support to the business of these hotels and the entire economy of the city, these hotels need to apply promotion advertising in the running of their business in order to create awareness to their present and potential customers.
What this study aims to achieve is to examine the promotional problems experienced in hospitality industry (A Study of Selected Hotel in Enugu Urban).
A sample size of 480 respondents were randomly selected and was used for the study.
The following hotels were sampled
1. Home Pride Guest House
2. Zodiac Hotels
3. Crystal Park Hotel
4. First Hotel
5. Presidential Hotel
Based on the data collected and analysed, the following were found.
1. That the establishment of hotel in Oba is a welcome development because of the socio-economic role played by these hotels to the public.
2. These hotels require and actually make use of advertising in order to create awareness to the public including their present and potential customers.
3. By the use of advertising, a lot of progress was made by these hotels.
4. The researcher also found out that so many constraints militated against hospitality industry such as finance.
5. The researcher did not stop with the finding but went ahead to make recommendations as what to do to eliminate constraints on hospitality industry.
6. The researcher concluded the work on an encouraging and hopeful note, stressing that a lot still stand to be achieved from hospitality industry if and only when aggressive advertising is embarked upon and the proprietors of hospitality industry and professionals are given support and encouragement.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE OF THE STUDY
In hospitality industries promotion is a key ingredients in marketing campaign. Promotion has contributed a lot to boost a better image of both major and minor hotels in every part of the world. It does communicate to its publics; the type of services it renders, and also believes in fair deals and considers the interest of its customers and various publics. Hospitality industries services, pricing, as well as promotional policies and strategies constitute elements of its promotion – mix.
Hotels provide meals, drinks, attractions, accommodation etc., to the general public or persons in transit especially people traveling to places where they have neither their own homes nor any relation to cater for their needs. Such persons will like to know few things about the hotels in their transitory area. In other words, they may like to know about available hotels, the categories of such hotels, the room and suit fares, and the type of food served, the necessary comfort customers are accorded – with, the game that is both indoor and outdoor games available and perhaps and other special feature that make such hotels appealing to the sojourners in transit.
These characteristics of hotels are boosted by promotions of various types in so many countries of the world. In Nigeria, major hotels live like Sheraton, Eko Hotels, Federal Palace Hotels, NICON NUGA, to mention just a few of them, have made impressionable image both nationally and internationally and the praises go to promotions that have heralded their various characteristics, class placement status to the public generally. Without promotion, the image of their hotels and their excellent services would not be so diffused to the public. For instance recently in
Enugu, some hotels have come up with incentive – type promotions to attract new terriers, to reward loyal customers and to increase the patronage rates of occasional users. One of such hotels is Home Pride Guest House situated at number 16 Chime Avenue, New Haven in Enugu, promoted its hotel as (10%) Ten percent discount awaits customers that patronizes its hotel superbly built, and lavishly furnished with ultra-modern guest houses, with about sixteen (16) air conditioned rooms each with its exclusive toilets, cold/hot shower, stand-by water storage tanks to ensure uninterrupted water supply; a lounge with well stocked bar and assorted types of edibles including Chinese foods available; a well cemented car park adorned with beautiful flowers, and powerful stand-by generators to ensure uninterrupted power supply.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The study is aimed at finding the importance as well of promotional problems experienced in hospitality industries. This is an organization that the principal objective is to make profit. To realize this objective, the business concern must be prepared to uphold the marketing concept of the supremacy of the consumer. Marketing promotion contributes a great deal in upholding the supremacy of the customers which involves identification and satisfaction of specified needs. Hospitality industry like hotel-ling is a competitive business and must endeavour to identify and satisfy customers’ needs to be able to stay in business.
There are some promotional problems in hospitality industry business in Enugu State. The problems are the factors that hinder promotion of hotel services.
One of such factor is income. The income level of both customers and proprietors will hinder the work of marketing promotion on hotels. Low income earners, for example may find it difficult to cope with high prices of hotel services which
happened as a result of marketing promotion carried out which invariably attracted high prices on them.
There are also several classes of people in society. We have high class individual and low class people as well. Those in the high classes are usually enlightened while those in the lower class are mainly illiterates.
For instance, some advertising messages are produced by professional for high class people while non-professional produced the type we call below the line advertising for low class people. Culture consider some advetisement as taboo, while some people in a special class, like corporation may find it not necessary advertising their hotel, hence it is only for members.
1.3 PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The study is aimed at critical analysis of the promotional problems experience in hospitality industries like hotels.
With the above problem statements, the main purpose or objectives of this research work will be as follows:-
1. Finding out to what extent the selected hotels in Enugu State have gone in the application of advertising as one of the tools for marketing promotions on hospitality industry.
2. Finding out what benefit have accrued to those hotels that applied advertisement in their business.
3. Knowing what the customers have gained from hotel services because of the use of promotional element like advertising by the hotels in Enugu State.
4. Understanding the mode of advertising mostly used by hotels in Enugu State.
5. Finding out the problems facing hotels in promoting their businesses in Enugu State.
6. Determining the effects of those problems on the hotel proprietors, the customers and the entire hotel business.
7. Finding out how to reduce or eradicate totally the problems militating against hotel promotions in Enugu State. As we have already noted that a promotion element like advertising is important in hotel business, we should also note that hotel promotions have so many problems associated with it.
For instance, it costs a lot of money to undertake advertising of goods and services. It is one thing to carry out advertisement by hotel proprietors and it is another thing for the proprietor to give the customers services that will eventually ensure customer satisfaction in accordance with what have been promoted and advertised.
The research therefore will endeavour to find out if the customers are actually satisfied according to the advertisement made, and if not, the researcher will try to proffer solutions as to how to eliminate the problems noticed in hotel promotion.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In pursuance of the above objectives, questions of this nature will be asked by the researcher.
1. How have these hotel promotions created awareness to present and potential customers to the hotels?.
2. If any awareness has been created through advertising, how have the profit margin reflected this awareness?
3. Are the hotels actually providing the services that they advertise/promote?
If yes, does the patronage measures or reflects the promotion/advertising input?
4. What are the problems noticed in hotel promotions?
5. What recommendations can be put in place for improved hotel promotion?
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
In order to carry out effective research work, the following hypothesis will be tested as stated below: –
1. Hi: Hotels in Enugu State promote and advertise their business adequately. Ho: Hotels in Enugu State do not advertise their business adequately.
2. Ho: Customers awareness and patronage of hotels business do not increase with hotel promotions/advertising.
Hi: Customers awareness and patronage of hotels business increase with promotion by hotels.
3. Ho: Hotels in Enugu State do not offer all the services they promote/advertise.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings of this study is expected to provide useful information on ways to reach potential customers, travelers, institutions or corporate customers through planned promotion.
The significance of this study, therefore, lies on its contribution to the upgrading of hospitality industry image in general. To create awareness for the public to patronize this industry as providers of services essential to human life.
Finally, in the field of academics, the study will stimulate further research into marketing of hotel, catering services and
hospitality industry as a whole and delivering of quality and competitive services.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study will cover just some few selected hotels in Enugu Urban. The researcher meant those businesses which on provision of a fee, lodging facilities and decent food and drinks are accorded the customer, whether open to the public or restricted to members of particular organization.
The work will cover the following five hotels situated in Enugu Urban.
1. HOME PRIDE GUEST HOUSE, CHIME AVENUE, NEW HAVEN ENUGU
2. PRESIDENTIAL HOTEL, INDEPENDENCE LAYOUT ENUGU.
3. FIRST HOTEL, OGUI NEW LAYOUT, ENUGU
4. ZODIAC HOTEL, INDEPENDENCE LAYOUT, ENUGU.
5. CRYSTIAL PALACE HOTEL, GRA, ENUGU.
In many occasions, the researcher was denied audience by the very people whom he had hoped would supply him information. The questionnaire which was distributed was either returned unanswered or half answered.
The researcher spent much time and money repeating visits to those he distributed questionnaire to. Many even thought that the interview being sought for was for tax- purpose and therefore bluntly refused to grant the researcher any opportunity for interview.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Urban – A large city, especially the developed town.
Proprietor – An owner, especially of a shop, hotel, business etc. Problems – Limits or restrictions from professing.
This study will be extended to cover the promotional problems experienced in hospitality industry (A study of few selected hotels in Enugu State)
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to any of the numbers below
08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408 (1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408
]]>BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COST N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR
YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408
WHATSAPP US ON: 08137701720
PROMOTIONAL PROBLEMS IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY (A STUDY OF SELECTED HOTELS IN ENUGU URBAN)
ABSTRACT
The need to have standard hotels in Enugu Urban cannot be over-emphasized. This is because of the part they play in the socio-economic growth of the town.
They assist travelers coming into the city in the provision of comfort and other facilities to residents of the city.
In order to lend support to the business of these hotels and the entire economy of the city, these hotels need to apply promotion advertising in the running of their business in order to create awareness to their present and potential customers.
What this study aims to achieve is to examine the promotional problems experienced in hospitality industry (A Study of Selected Hotel in Enugu Urban).
A sample size of 480 respondents were randomly selected and was used for the study.
The following hotels were sampled
1. Home Pride Guest House
2. Zodiac Hotels
3. Crystal Park Hotel
4. First Hotel
5. Presidential Hotel
Based on the data collected and analysed, the following were found.
1. That the establishment of hotel in Enugu urban is a welcome development because of the socio-economic role played by these hotels to the public.
2. These hotels require and actually make use of advertising in order to create awareness to the public including their present and potential customers.
3. By the use of advertising, a lot of progress was made by these hotels.
4. The researcher also found out that so many constraints militated against hospitality industry such as finance.
5. The researcher did not stop with the finding but went ahead to make recommendations as what to do to eliminate constraints on hospitality industry.
6. The researcher concluded the work on an encouraging and hopeful note, stressing that a lot still stand to be achieved from hospitality industry if and only when aggressive advertising is embarked upon and the proprietors of hospitality industry and professionals are given support and encouragement.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In hospitality industries promotion is a key ingredients in marketing campaign. Promotion has contributed a lot to boost a better image of both major and minor hotels in every part of the world. It does communicate to its publics; the type of services it renders, and also believes in fair deals and considers the interest of its customers and various publics. Hospitality industries services, pricing, as well as promotional policies and strategies constitute elements of its promotion – mix.
Hotels provide meals, drinks, attractions, accommodation etc., to the general public or persons in transit especially people traveling to places where they have neither their own homes nor any relation to cater for their needs. Such persons will like to know few things about the hotels in their transitory area. In other words, they may like to know about available hotels, the categories of such hotels, the room and suit fares, and the type of food served, the necessary comfort customers are accorded – with, the game that is both indoor and outdoor games available and perhaps and other special feature that make such hotels appealing to the sojourners in transit.
These characteristics of hotels are boosted by promotions of various types in so many countries of the world. In Nigeria, major hotels live like Sheraton, Eko Hotels, Federal Palace Hotels, NICON NUGA, to mention just a few of them, have made impressionable image both nationally and internationally and the praises go to promotions that have heralded their various characteristics, class placement status to the public generally. Without promotion, the image of their hotels and their excellent services would not be so diffused to the public. For instance recently in
Enugu, some hotels have come up with incentive – type promotions to attract new terriers, to reward loyal customers and to increase the patronage rates of occasional users. One of such hotels is Home Pride Guest House situated at number 16 Chime Avenue, New Haven in Enugu, promoted its hotel as (10%) Ten percent discount awaits customers that patronizes its hotel superbly built, and lavishly furnished with ultra-modern guest houses, with about sixteen (16) air conditioned rooms each with its exclusive toilets, cold/hot shower, stand-by water storage tanks to ensure uninterrupted water supply; a lounge with well stocked bar and assorted types of edibles including Chinese foods available; a well cemented car park adorned with beautiful flowers, and powerful stand-by generators to ensure uninterrupted power supply.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The study is aimed at finding the importance as well of promotional problems experienced in hospitality industries. This is an organization that the principal objective is to make profit. To realize this objective, the business concern must be prepared to uphold the marketing concept of the supremacy of the consumer. Marketing promotion contributes a great deal in upholding the supremacy of the customers which involves identification and satisfaction of specified needs. Hospitality industry like hotel-ling is a competitive business and must endeavour to identify and satisfy customers’ needs to be able to stay in business.
There are some promotional problems in hospitality industry business in Enugu State. The problems are the factors that hinder promotion of hotel services.
One of such factor is income. The income level of both customers and proprietors will hinder the work of marketing promotion on hotels. Low income earners, for example may find it difficult to cope with high prices of hotel services which
happened as a result of marketing promotion carried out which invariably attracted high prices on them.
There are also several classes of people in society. We have high class individual and low class people as well. Those in the high classes are usually enlightened while those in the lower class are mainly illiterates.
For instance, some advertising messages are produced by professional for high class people while non-professional produced the type we call below the line advertising for low class people. Culture consider some advetisement as taboo, while some people in a special class, like corporation may find it not necessary advertising their hotel, hence it is only for members.
1.3 PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The study is aimed at critical analysis of the promotional problems experience in hospitality industries like hotels.
With the above problem statements, the main purpose or objectives of this research work will be as follows:-
1. Finding out to what extent the selected hotels in Enugu State have gone in the application of advertising as one of the tools for marketing promotions on hospitality industry.
2. Finding out what benefit have accrued to those hotels that applied advertisement in their business.
3. Knowing what the customers have gained from hotel services because of the use of promotional element like advertising by the hotels in Enugu State.
4. Understanding the mode of advertising mostly used by hotels in Enugu State.
5. Finding out the problems facing hotels in promoting their businesses in Enugu State.
6. Determining the effects of those problems on the hotel proprietors, the customers and the entire hotel business.
7. Finding out how to reduce or eradicate totally the problems militating against hotel promotions in Enugu State. As we have already noted that a promotion element like advertising is important in hotel business, we should also note that hotel promotions have so many problems associated with it.
For instance, it costs a lot of money to undertake advertising of goods and services. It is one thing to carry out advertisement by hotel proprietors and it is another thing for the proprietor to give the customers services that will eventually ensure customer satisfaction in accordance with what have been promoted and advertised.
The research therefore will endeavour to find out if the customers are actually satisfied according to the advertisement made, and if not, the researcher will try to proffer solutions as to how to eliminate the problems noticed in hotel promotion.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In pursuance of the above objectives, questions of this nature will be asked by the researcher.
1. How have these hotel promotions created awareness to present and potential customers to the hotels?.
2. If any awareness has been created through advertising, how have the profit margin reflected this awareness?
3. Are the hotels actually providing the services that they advertise/promote?
If yes, does the patronage measures or reflects the promotion/advertising input?
4. What are the problems noticed in hotel promotions?
5. What recommendations can be put in place for improved hotel promotion?
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
In order to carry out effective research work, the following hypothesis will be tested as stated below: –
1. Hi: Hotels in Enugu State promote and advertise their business adequately. Ho: Hotels in Enugu State do not advertise their business adequately.
2. Ho: Customers awareness and patronage of hotels business do not increase with hotel promotions/advertising.
Hi: Customers awareness and patronage of hotels business increase with promotion by hotels.
3. Ho: Hotels in Enugu State do not offer all the services they promote/advertise.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings of this study is expected to provide useful information on ways to reach potential customers, travelers, institutions or corporate customers through planned promotion.
The significance of this study, therefore, lies on its contribution to the upgrading of hospitality industry image in general. To create awareness for the public to patronize this industry as providers of services essential to human life.
Finally, in the field of academics, the study will stimulate further research into marketing of hotel, catering services and
hospitality industry as a whole and delivering of quality and competitive services.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study will cover just some few selected hotels in Enugu Urban. The researcher meant those businesses which on provision of a fee, lodging facilities and decent food and drinks are accorded the customer, whether open to the public or restricted to members of particular organization.
The work will cover the following five hotels situated in Enugu Urban.
1. HOME PRIDE GUEST HOUSE, CHIME AVENUE, NEW HAVEN ENUGU
2. PRESIDENTIAL HOTEL, INDEPENDENCE LAYOUT ENUGU.
3. FIRST HOTEL, OGUI NEW LAYOUT, ENUGU
4. ZODIAC HOTEL, INDEPENDENCE LAYOUT, ENUGU.
5. CRYSTIAL PALACE HOTEL, GRA, ENUGU.
In many occasions, the researcher was denied audience by the very people whom he had hoped would supply him information. The questionnaire which was distributed was either returned unanswered or half answered.
The researcher spent much time and money repeating visits to those he distributed questionnaire to. Many even thought that the interview being sought for was for tax- purpose and therefore bluntly refused to grant the researcher any opportunity for interview.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Urban – A large city, especially the developed town.
Proprietor – An owner, especially of a shop, hotel, business etc. Problems – Limits or restrictions from professing.
This study will be extended to cover the promotional problems experienced in hospitality industry (A study of few selected hotels in Enugu State).
1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The researcher met with the following physical and logistical limitations in addition to the limitations imposed by cost and time.
Bureaucratic Bottleneck
Because of the bureaucratic problems associated with research findings generally in the country, the researcher was denied access to files and documents which could have helped with a more quality and reliable work.
Finance:
The researcher spent so much money while sourcing for information which includes transportation costs etc.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to any of the numbers below
08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408 (1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408
]]>BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COST N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR
YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408
WHATSAPP US ON: 08137701720
PROBLEMS CONFRONTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
ABSTRACT
The need to have standard hotels in Enugu Urban cannot be over-emphasized. This is because of the part they play in the socio-economic growth of the town.
They assist travelers coming into the city in the provision of comfort and other facilities to residents of the city.
In order to lend support to the business of these hotels and the entire economy of the city, these hotels need to apply promotion advertising in the running of their business in order to create awareness to their present and potential customers.
What this study aims to achieve is to examine the promotional problems experienced in hospitality industry (A Study of Selected Hotel in Enugu Urban).
A sample size of 480 respondents were randomly selected and was used for the study.
The following hotels were sampled
Based on the data collected and analysed, the following were found.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In hospitality industries promotion is a key ingredients in marketing campaign. Promotion has contributed a lot to boost a better image of both major and minor hotels in every part of the world. It does communicate to its publics; the type of services it renders, and also believes in fair deals and considers the interest of its customers and various publics. Hospitality industries services, pricing, as well as promotional policies and strategies constitute elements of its promotion – mix.
Hotels provide meals, drinks, attractions, accommodation etc., to the general public or persons in transit especially people traveling to places where they have neither their own homes nor any relation to cater for their needs. Such persons will like to know few things about the hotels in their transitory area. In other words, they may like to know about available hotels, the categories of such hotels, the room and suit fares, and the type of food served, the necessary comfort customers are accorded – with, the game that is both indoor and outdoor games available and perhaps and other special feature that make such hotels appealing to the sojourners in transit.
These characteristics of hotels are boosted by promotions of various types in so many countries of the world. In Nigeria, major hotels live like Sheraton, Eko Hotels, Federal Palace Hotels, NICON NUGA, to mention just a few of them, have made impressionable image both nationally and internationally and the praises go to promotions that have heralded their various characteristics, class placement status to the public generally. Without promotion, the image of their hotels and their excellent services would not be so diffused to the public. For instance recently in
Enugu, some hotels have come up with incentive – type promotions to attract new terriers, to reward loyal customers and to increase the patronage rates of occasional users. One of such hotels is Home Pride Guest House situated at number 16 Chime Avenue, New Haven in Enugu, promoted its hotel as (10%) Ten percent discount awaits customers that patronizes its hotel superbly built, and lavishly furnished with ultra-modern guest houses, with about sixteen (16) air conditioned rooms each with its exclusive toilets, cold/hot shower, stand-by water storage tanks to ensure uninterrupted water supply; a lounge with well stocked bar and assorted types of edibles including Chinese foods available; a well cemented car park adorned with beautiful flowers, and powerful stand-by generators to ensure uninterrupted power supply.
The study is aimed at finding the importance as well of promotional problems experienced in hospitality industries. This is an organization that the principal objective is to make profit. To realize this objective, the business concern must be prepared to uphold the marketing concept of the supremacy of the consumer. Marketing promotion contributes a great deal in upholding the supremacy of the customers which involves identification and satisfaction of specified needs. Hospitality industry like hotel-ling is a competitive business and must endeavour to identify and satisfy customers’ needs to be able to stay in business.
There are some promotional problems in hospitality industry business in Enugu State. The problems are the factors that hinder promotion of hotel services.
One of such factor is income. The income level of both customers and proprietors will hinder the work of marketing promotion on hotels. Low income earners, for example may find it difficult to cope with high prices of hotel services which
happened as a result of marketing promotion carried out which invariably attracted high prices on them.
There are also several classes of people in society. We have high class individual and low class people as well. Those in the high classes are usually enlightened while those in the lower class are mainly illiterates.
For instance, some advertising messages are produced by professional for high class people while non-professional produced the type we call below the line advertising for low class people. Culture consider some advetisement as taboo, while some people in a special class, like corporation may find it not necessary advertising their hotel, hence it is only for members.
The study is aimed at critical analysis of the promotional problems experience in hospitality industries like hotels.
With the above problem statements, the main purpose or objectives of this research work will be as follows:-
For instance, it costs a lot of money to undertake advertising of goods and services. It is one thing to carry out advertisement by hotel proprietors and it is another thing for the proprietor to give the customers services that will eventually ensure customer satisfaction in accordance with what have been promoted and advertised.
The research therefore will endeavour to find out if the customers are actually satisfied according to the advertisement made, and if not, the researcher will try to proffer solutions as to how to eliminate the problems noticed in hotel promotion.
In pursuance of the above objectives, questions of this nature will be asked by the researcher.
If yes, does the patronage measures or reflects the promotion/advertising input?
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
In order to carry out effective research work, the following hypothesis will be tested as stated below: –
Hi: Customers awareness and patronage of hotels business increase with promotion by hotels.
The findings of this study is expected to provide useful information on ways to reach potential customers, travelers, institutions or corporate customers through planned promotion.
The significance of this study, therefore, lies on its contribution to the upgrading of hospitality industry image in general. To create awareness for the public to patronize this industry as providers of services essential to human life.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to any of the numbers below
08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408 (1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408
http://graduateprojects.com.ng
Finally, in the field of academics, the study will stimulate further research into marketing of hotel, catering services and
hospitality industry as a whole and delivering of quality and competitive services.
The study will cover just some few selected hotels in Enugu Urban. The researcher meant those businesses which on provision of a fee, lodging facilities and decent food and drinks are accorded the customer, whether open to the public or restricted to members of particular organization.
The work will cover the following five hotels situated in Enugu Urban.
In many occasions, the researcher was denied audience by the very people whom he had hoped would supply him information. The questionnaire which was distributed was either returned unanswered or half answered.
The researcher spent much time and money repeating visits to those he distributed questionnaire to. Many even thought that the interview being sought for was for tax- purpose and therefore bluntly refused to grant the researcher any opportunity for interview.
Urban – A large city, especially the developed town.
Proprietor – An owner, especially of a shop, hotel, business etc. Problems – Limits or restrictions from professing.
This study will be extended to cover the promotional problems experienced in hospitality industry (A study of few selected hotels in Enugu State).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to any of the numbers below
08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408 (1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
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MARKETING TECHNIQUES IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The hospitality industry evolves under the influence of multiple external and internal factors (Bernini and Guizzardi, 2010). These determinants might differ depending on the country in which the business operates. Historical, economic, cultural, and social spheres have their influence on the way the hospitality industry develops (O’Dell, 2010). At the same time, the business of hotels and restaurants continuously encounters various challenges in terms of competitiveness (Schoffstall, 2013). Indeed, the highly competitive business environment of the hospitality sphere exposes it to the search for new marketing strategies to obtain a more significant market share (Dzhandzhugazova et al., 2016).
Therefore, hotels and other entities within the field of hospitality business develop specific marketing strategies that enable obtaining competitive advantages in comparison with other businesses of the same industry (Thomas, 1978). The overall performance of an organization tests the effectiveness of marketing strategies. Under the circumstances of the emerging globalization in the sphere, the influence of geographical positioning and culture-specific elements must be addressed when judging the effectiveness of particular strategies (Ismagilova et al., 2015). This research will compare the effective marketing strategies used in the hotels in two countries, which are the USA and the UK, to explore the similarities and differences.
Research Purpose
The purpose of the study is to compare the utilized effective marketing strategies for hotel businesses in the USA and the UK. The comparison will allow for concluding the influence of the country of business location on the strategic decisions and tool choice. The identification of the dependence of the effectiveness of particular marketing strategies on the country will form a foundation for further investigation of culture-specific and state-specific patterns in the hospitality industry.
Background
The development of hospitality industry entities has had different origins and was conditioned by various factors in different countries over its history (Why is the hospitality industry important, 2018). The specific characteristics of different states imply the variances in their attitude toward managerial decisions and marketing strategies. Historically, in Europe, the development of the hospitality industry incepted more than half a century ago and has its long-established tradition (Bowie and Buttle, 2004).
The long history of sector development impacts the prevalence of small family-based hotels and restaurants. Therefore, UK hotels are mostly limited to local entities with a small number of rooms (Bowie and Buttle, 2004). On the contrary, in the USA, “hotel development coincided with economic and social development in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries” (Bowie and Buttle, 2004, p. 86). Such American hospitality entrepreneurs, like Hilton and Marriott, have created large international hotel chains that not only managed to succeed in the US domestic market but also beneficially penetrate the markets of other countries (Salvioni, 2016).
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Such a relatively young American industry demonstrates high-level business achievements and competes with an older European one (Hirschman and Mogford, 2010). Therefore, it is essential to apply academic tools to investigate the extent of similarities and differences between the two designated countries’ hospitality industries.
Rationale
The choice of the topic for the research is determined by insufficient academic attention to the issue of country-specific and culture-specific differences in the application of marketing strategies in the hospitality industry (Ramaseshan, Bejou, Jain, and Mason, 2006).
There is no extensive data available on the similarities and differences between the leading English-speaking countries, the USA and the UK, which are the representatives of two different economic and historical backgrounds (Neeley, 2012). Since the issue of the hospitality business, in general, is frequently addressed in the academic literature, it is vital to narrow the scope of research to more specific problems (Serra-Cantallops, Pena-Miranda, Ramon-Cardona and Martorell-Cunill, 2017). Therefore, the study will concentrate on the accommodation sector of the hospitality industry, namely hotels in the USA and the UK.
The hospitality industry is legendary for its low profit margins and high level of competition, and never was this so true as it is now. With so many small businesses going under in the first year, small businesses in the hospitality industry must look to differentiating themselves via marketing, and larger businesses, though they still have more wiggle room, must make every marketing dollar count.
Much of the future of hospitality marketing lies in three major areas: technology, customer loyalty, creativity, and new concepts in the business model. Other aspects of traditional marketing such as flyering and television are still somewhat effective, but, as stated by Patricia Mitchell, Head of Marketing at SolidEssay, many businesses have found they are not as cost-effective as other sources of customer attention.
Creativity used to be thought of as not so much a marketing concept as fodder for marketing: the business stakeholders came up with new business ideas, and the marketing team based advertisements around them. Now, however, restaurants like Pret a Manger have made a mark in the market by combining advertising with the restaurant’s concept itself. Pret is an advertising concept that is built into the restaurant design, using large outdoor display windows to highlight its unique concept of stocking sandwiches and entrees like a grocery store, but creating a restaurant experience for customers inside. The stores are placed in high-traffic urban areas, letting the location and design of the store itself advertise the clever concept to passers-by. Concepts that are creative enough to serve as marketing strategies themselves allow each aspect of the restaurant to multitask. A store design such as Pret’s is one example; other strategies have included gimmicks that spread through word of mouth, such as Ed Debevic’s rude waiters. Making the restaurant concept its own advertisement is not easy, but it is a very cost-effective marketing strategy.
Most hospitality professionals would rather do their core job than worry about the company website. Like it or not, however, most hospitality businesses need an online presence, a mobile presence, and a leadership that is in touch with how to make the most of viral technology that can spread the word about the establishment . According to Michael Wright, Content Marketing Director at ConfidentWriters, content is king on websites of all kinds, and this is also true for hospitality home sites. Having the marketing team focus on building a website is a better use of resources than traditional advertising in some markets.
Mobile is quickly becoming more important than desktop strategies, and—surprisingly to some in the industry—video has become a very effective way to spread publicity about a business. If the marketing team can attach a hotel or restaurant to a video that goes viral, they have scored a major coup for comparatively little money; a fun YouTube video is far less costly to produce than a television commercial and, if done well, can have far greater reach.
Some of the above technological techniques can help build that very old-fashioned staple of a successful business: customer loyalty. Yes, a repeat customer already knows the business exists. However, with so many businesses in the market and so much content on the web, part of marketing job is now connected to making sure that previous customers who have had good experiences are reminded of them. Therefore, technology must not just be used; it must be maximized through personalization. Allow customers to take surveys, and insert their names and favorite menu items they have ordered in a customized group email. Personalization of social media and email content experiences for customers are part of making customers remember the business—and more important, they should also feel remembered by the business.
Finally, nothing adds to loyalty, enhances creativity, and maximizes technology like a great customer experience. Your best marketing strategy, once initial customers have been attracted, is to ensure satisfaction in every element of service. Content may be king, but especially with yelpers lurking around every corner, word of mouth is still one of the best drivers of sustained business in the industry.
1.2 Statement of the problem
The right marketing plan draws attention to your brand, demonstrates your personality to your target audience, and improves your chances of ongoing sales. With hospitality marketing, organisations in the food, travel, and recreational spaces can build their identity, attract new customers and maintain loyalty among existing clients.
The question is, how do you create the right hospitality marketing plans to deliver exceptional ROI in a continually evolving sector?
Like many industries, the hospitality space has begun to see a rise in disruptive new technology and digitalisation. For many old-fashioned restaurants, hotels and entertainment venues, this means that it’s time to re-think the hospitality marketing concepts that you used in days gone by and upgrade your strategy for the years ahead.
In any company, a great marketing strategy is key to building a strong brand and engaging customers. The hospitality industry is no exception. In restaurants and hotels, customer loyalty is often key to success, as many hospitality organisations make the majority of their income from return customers and brand ambassadors. Repeat customers are often responsible for up to 40% of a store or hospitality brand’s revenue.
1.3 Objectives of the study
1. To understand the effective marketing techniques in the hospitality industry
2. To understand the relationship between marketing techniques and growth and development of hospitality industry in Nigeria.
1.4 Research Questions
1. What are the marketing techniques in the hospitality industry
2. What is the relationship between marketing techniques and growth and development of hospitality industry in Nigeria.
1.5 Research Hypothesis
H0: There is no relationship between marketing techniques and development of hospitality industry in Nigeria.
H1: There is a relationship between marketing techniques and development of hospitality industry in Nigeria.
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]]>BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
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HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM AS A VITAL TOO FOR ENHANCING REVENUE BASE GENERATION FOR KATSINA STATE
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
Every country, Nigeria inclusive, has its sources of revenue generation and socio-economic development. The sources may include, but not limited to agriculture, oil and gas (petroleum), trade and investment (import and export business), education, health, tourism and hospitality, etc. Before and after the Nigerian political independence, agriculture was the major source of the country’s revenue generation, socio-economic growth and development, followed by other sectors. With the discovery of oil and its revenue potentials from 1958 to immediately after the Nigerian Civil War (1967 – 1970), the petroleum sector took over all other sources of the country’s revenue, gross national product (GNP) or National Income. It was unfortunate that the tourism sector was neglected or not realized or given adequate attention it deserved or ought to deserve not realizing that tourism centers are God’s creation; particularly those that were not man-made like long terrain of beautiful plateau ground, wonderful spring, a terrific fall, wonderful outcrop of rocks, etc (Etek, Eze and Esu 2012).
Tourism, according to Nwidum (2007), is expected to foster economic growth through foreign exchange earnings and increase in state revenue and, at a second level, on improvement in the people’s well-being in the areas of job creation, revenue/income distribution and balanced regional development. It is unfortunate that tourism development in the states of Nigeria has been threatened by such factors like financial problems, infrastructural constraints like poor road network, electricity, drinkable water, health facilities and lack of awareness among Nigerians on the benefits of tourism to the expected tourists and other Nigerians.
Tourism is the business activity connected with providing accommodation, services and entertainment for the people who are visiting a place for pleasure (The Oxford Advance Learners Dictionary), and It is the free movement of people for destinations outside their normal abode on a temporary short-term visit as well as the services created to satisfy the need arising from these movements, within and across international boundaries. It could be for advance health reasons, leisure, business, religion, education or other purposes not mentioned (Anijah-Obi 2001). It is the practice of traveling for pleasure and the business of providing for tours (i.e. to make journey in, where one or more places are visited usually without hitch or recreation for specific purposes as in the situation of business and recreation) and services to tourists (The American Heritage Dictionary of English Language). It is also an amalgam of leisure and recreation services and activities provided within an environment for visitor’s satisfaction and enjoyment, hence a deliberate act of traveling out of one’s home to another destination, together with the preparations that go into the act, for a specified period and for one or more purposes (Ebin 1999). It is also the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes (Cooper et al, 1999).
The hospitality and tourism industry plays a pivotal role in the economic development of nations around the world. Recognizing its potential as a catalyst for revenue generation, governments often leverage this sector to enhance economic growth, create employment opportunities, and promote cultural exchange. In the context of Katsina State, Nigeria, where economic diversification is a priority, the hospitality and tourism sector emerges as a vital tool for fostering sustainable revenue base generation.
Katsina State, located in the northwestern region of Nigeria, is renowned for its rich cultural heritage, historical significance, and natural attractions. Despite these inherent advantages, the state’s tourism sector is yet to be fully harnessed to its maximum potential. This study aims to explore and analyze the role of hospitality and tourism as strategic instruments for enhancing revenue base generation in Katsina State.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Katsina State, like many other regions, faces economic challenges that necessitate innovative approaches to revenue generation. The over-dependence on traditional revenue sources poses risks, making it imperative for the state to diversify its income streams. Despite possessing valuable tourism assets, the state has not fully tapped into the economic potential of its hospitality and tourism sector.
There is a need for a comprehensive understanding of the existing challenges and opportunities within Katsina State’s hospitality and tourism industry. By identifying these factors, policymakers, stakeholders, and investors can develop informed strategies to harness the sector’s potential for revenue enhancement.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The primary objectives of this study include:
To assess the current status and potential of the hospitality and tourism industry in Katsina State.
To identify the challenges hindering the growth of the hospitality and tourism sector in the state.
To explore the opportunities that can be leveraged to enhance revenue generation through hospitality and tourism in Katsina State.
To analyze the impact of effective hospitality and tourism management on the overall economic development of the state.
To propose strategic recommendations for policymakers, stakeholders, and investors to optimize the revenue-generating capacity of the hospitality and tourism sector in Katsina State.
1.4 Significance of the Study
This study holds significant importance for various stakeholders, including government bodies, policymakers, investors, and local communities. Understanding the potential of hospitality and tourism as tools for revenue generation can guide decision-makers in formulating policies that stimulate economic growth. Additionally, this research can provide valuable insights for private sector investors seeking opportunities in the hospitality and tourism industry in Katsina State.
1.5 Scope of the Study
The scope of this study encompasses an in-depth analysis of the hospitality and tourism sector in Katsina State. It will explore the current status of the industry, identify challenges and opportunities, and provide recommendations for optimizing revenue generation. The study focuses on the economic aspects of hospitality and tourism, considering their potential impact on the overall revenue base of Katsina State.
1.6 Research Methodology
To achieve the objectives outlined in this chapter, a mixed-methods research approach will be employed. Both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods, including interviews, surveys, and statistical analysis, will be utilized. The study will involve primary data collection from key stakeholders in the hospitality and tourism sector and secondary data analysis from relevant literature, reports, and official documents
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to any of the numbers below
08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408 (1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408
]]>