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UTILIZATION OF SCHOOL LIBRARY RESOURCES IN TEACHING IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OBIO/AKPOR L.G.A. OF RIVERS STATE
ABSTRACT
The study is a survey of utilization of school library resources in teaching in secondary schools in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State. To achieve this five(5) research questions were formulated. Four hundred and ten (410) teachers were used as sample out of eight hundred and twenty (820) that forms the population of the study from the fourteen secondary schools in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State. Questionnaires and observation checklist were used to collect data. Tables, percentages and mean were used for data analysis. It was found that most of the relevant materials were not available in all the schools. Some problems such as lack of convenient accommodation, lack of funds, lack of reading tables and chairs, non-involvement of library staff in collection development, lack of qualified librarians were among the problems of these libraries. The major recommendations are: that there is need to increase full allocation of the school libraries, the state branch of Nigerian library Association (NLA) should organize development and training courses for school librarians and media specialist to enhance their efficiency in the running of the school libraries, the Post Primary Schools Board (PPSB) should see to it that every secondary school established should have a library, new books and other educational resource materials should be provided including audio-visual equipment, principals of various schools should encourage both teachers and students to maximize the use of few resources at their disposal, among others.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
The term “Utilization” is got from the word “Utilize” which means to use. Therefore utilization means the process of using something. In the context of this work, utilization means the process of using library resources in teaching. According to Dike (1989:365) “utilization is defined as being able to employ appropriate instructional material expertly and at the right time in order to attain an instructional objective”.
Accessibility of library resources can play a major role in encouraging reading by making a varied collection available to teachers and student (Dike, 2007:36). Hence, accessibility will encourage teachers to go and browse, read and use the library resources in the libraries. The full utilization of these materials will help to uplift the objectives of secondary education.
The school libraries have been seen by various authors as an indispensable tools essential for modern teaching in schools. This position is informed by the role the library resources play in enhancing effective teaching especially in secondary schools. The library is designed to facilitate teaching in schools. According to Edoka (2000) school libraries refers to those libraries in primary and secondary schools which select, acquire, conserve, retrieve and disseminate information to both teachers and students for the broad goals, aims and objectives of the school as well as that of education itself.
The term “school libraries” with time and technological development has changed its traditional concept and meaning. Today, the school library is also called: school library resource centre, school media centre, instructional media centre, media resource centre, learning resource centre. These terms evolved in schools in place of the traditional school library. It aims at the meeting the requirement of modern philosophy of education that stresses the need for individualized instruction and the use of multi-media resources in teaching. Hence, Dike (2006:1) stated that “the school libraries has been described as “the heart” of the school, learning resource centre and the laboratory of all laboratories”. Just as “the heart” is central to the human body so also the library is to the school. It means that the library is the core aspect of the school system. If the library is removed from the workings of the school, the aims for establishing the school will not be achieved. Fayose (1995) asserts that “the school library resource centre is that part of the school where a collection of books, periodicals, magazines and newspapers, films and filmstrips, recording of all types, computers are housed”.
School library is usually a collection of books and other resource materials organized and placed in a silent environment in the school for use by teachers and students. Onanuya and Okeh in Adesoji (2008). According to them its collections are maintained with the funds provided by the school through gifts received from the Ministry of Education, information service, philanthropic organization and Parent Teachers Association (P.T.A.). Teachers and students go to the library singly or in small group to satisfy their information needs, identifying sources of information, evaluating sources of information. Just to mention but a few. The secondary school library provide teachers with a variety of resources required for teaching. Teachers encounter books of various types- periodicals and the ranges of audio-visual resources. The variety of resources help in instruction by providing different formats to carter for individual learners – gifted, average or slow.
The library being a resource centre houses materials that could help a teacher carry out his duty efficiently. These resources are: Book – general, reference, non-fiction and fiction books, Periodicals, Newspapers, Audio materials – discs, phonographic records, audio-tapes on reals and cassettes. It is imperative to note that no education can rise above the quality of its teachers and the library has a role to play in harnessing teachers for quality output. Hence, teachers in secondary schools should be provided with libraries to improve their skills in use like browsing the shelves, use of catalogue cards, use of reference materials and teaching methods.
The school library through its resources is the best educational services that can facilitate teacher quality and qualitative education for students, this is because it fosters lifelong learning and resource based learning. American library Association as quoted by Ferdinand and Ezekwe (1999) listed the responsibility or function of the school library as follows:
i) School library provides materials that will enrich and supplement the curriculum taking into consideration the varied interest, abilities and maturity levels of the students served.
ii) Provide background information which will enable students to make intelligent judgment of their daily life.
iii) Provide materials on opposing side of controversial issues, so that young citizens may develop under guardians the practice of critical reading and thinking.
iv) Provide materials representative of many religious, ethnic group and their contributions.
v) Place principles above personal opinion and reason above prejudice in the selection of materials of the highest quality in order to ensure a comprehensive collection appropriate for users of library.
vi) Provide current materials for the staff to be abreast with development.
The school library resources have the potentials for enhancing teacher’s and student’s teaching and learning process. The availability of these resources provide teachers with vast quantities of information materials which will be used in teaching. There must be communication between the teachers and learners which the library resources facilitates. Teachers are supposed to be conversant with different formats of library resources so as to know when and how to employ them in teaching.
Teaching is communication between the teacher and learner. It follows that teaching is characteristically an intentional activity which produces another characteristically intentional activity called learning. To teach therefore, is to engage someone in an activity or experience which influences a change in behaviour. Amadi (2006) emphasized that teaching is goal-oriented. It is obvious that the quality of the educational system depends on their quality and devotion. Rogers (1983) sees teaching as permitting the students to feed his or her curiosity, arguing that “merely to absorb facts is of only slight value in the future”. Concluding that learning how to learn is the element that is always of value, now and in the future”. This implies that teacher is a catalyst who makes students desirous of learning. The teacher designs the appropriate learning environment in such a way that the students are restless until they have satisfied their curiosity by interacting with other components of instructional system which includes the content, media, materials and teacher.
Teaching is the work anybody does so long as they spend part of their lives in influencing the thoughts, feelings and behaviour of others. Macytyre in Amadi (2006). Admittedly, teaching is concerned with education and behaviour change, but it is a system of activities by a formerly designated person – the teacher, and who should be of a higher knowledge, working with one or more learners to achieve certain learning outcomes. The primary function of a teacher is to facilitate learning by various means and the intention of all teaching activities is to bring about learning. Teaching has to be learner centered and the library provide the resources for resource based teaching which makes teaching learner centered. The situation at hand in our secondary school is that in realization of the fact that library is one of the educational services according to National Policy on education (Nigeria 2004), and to improve the quality of teaching and learning in secondary schools in River state, the government in collaboration with Ministry of Education supply books and other library materials to all government –aided secondary school in the state. This kind of gesture from the government attract the positive attention of both teachers and students to use the library. It is on the basis of this that this study intends to look into the utilization of library resources in teaching in secondary schools.
Statement of the problem
The school library is an important tool in the school system as it supports the secondary school curriculum and provide means which helps the school to achieve its educational objectives and goals. It does this by making available library resources which encourages self development among teachers as they use the resources in the library in planning their lesson notes and employ them in teaching and learning in classes. The school library provide a comprehensive source of learning materials in different forms for use by teachers. It serves as a store of materials and equipment for use by teachers in classrooms. Hence, its importance cannot be over emphasized.
However, it has been observed that secondary school teachers in Rivers state do not effectively use the library resources in their teaching activities. This as a result hampers the academic excellence of the students. This is evident in failures in Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination (SSCE) and Joint and Matriculation Board (JAMB). It also makes the entire educational system to dwindle thereby leading to poor performance on the part of the students. Since teachers are not well equipped, it makes them not to render the best services that is required of them.
Researches have been carried out by the following scholars: Ogunbote and Odunewu (2008) stresses that school library in Ijebu North Local government Area of Ogun State is not given the desired priority and the provision of library services is inadequate. While Omera (2009) stresses that school libraries have limited resources, by way of personnel library materials and that teachers do not patronize the school libraries. Beyond this, no research has really been undertaken in utilization of school library resources in teaching in Obio/Akpor Local government Area. In view of this, the researcher decided to undertake this study to find out how teachers in secondary school in Obio/Akpo make use of library resources in teaching.
Purpose of the Study
The study is intended to examine the utilization of school library resources in teaching in secondary schools. The objectives of the study are as follows:
i) To ascertain the library resources available in secondary schools in Obio/Akpo LGA
ii) To examine the frequency of use of library resources in secondary schools in Obio/Akpor LGA.
iii) To ascertain the purposes for teachers’ use of library resources in the secondary schools under study.
iv) To inquire into the problems associated with the use of library resources in teaching in secondary schools in Obio/Akpor LGA
v) To suggest strategies for the enhancement of the use of school library resources in secondary schools in Obio/Akpor LGA.
Research Questions
The following research questions were formulated to guide the study
1) What are the information resources available in secondary schools in Obio/Akpor LGA.
2) What are the frequency of use of library resources by teacher in teaching in secondary schools in Obio/Akpor LGA.
3) For what purposes do the teachers use library resources in teaching in secondary schools in Obio/Akpor
4) What are the problems associated with the use of library resources in teaching in secondary schools in Obio/Akpor LGA.
5) In what ways could the library resources be used to enhance teaching in secondary schools in Obio/Akpor LGA.
Significance of the study
It is expected that the findings of this study will be useful to the following: Post Primary Schools Board (PPSB), Ministry of Education, School Management and Library Administrators, Teachers and field of Library and Information Science.
In view of these, the findings of this study will be used in formulation of data for (PPSB.) It will encourage them to develop and equipped libraries in secondary schools . It will be of immense help in planning the school curriculum.
Also, it will help the Ministry of Education to see the needs of secondary school libraries and provide funds to the libraries for its improvement. While the local Government Authorities will help in distribution of library resources.
More so, the findings of this study will help the School Management and library administrators to acquire the right information resources that will enhance teaching in secondary schools.
The findings of this study will help the teachers by exposing them to all the formats of library resources which will help them in preparing their lesson notes.
Furthermore, the work will add to the existing literature in the field of librarianship. It will serve as a model to other researchers that may wish to understudy the use of libraries.
Scope of the study
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ATTITUDES OF UNDERGRADUATES TOWARDS A CAREER IN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The choice of a career is a herculean task faced by many people and if this choice is not carefully made, can either make or mar the future of an individual because there are many career paths to choose from. The choice of a career can therefore be influenced by various factors ranging from internal to external such as ignorance, gender, interest, parental/relative influence, advice from friends, school’s influence(peer and curricular content), religion, child’s upbringing, teacher’s counsel, family values, prestige and societal perception accorded a particular profession, employability; an individual’s characteristics, environment, salary, etc.
Interestingly, some individuals are attracted to career because of the mode of dressing of the individuals in that profession e.g. lawyers, physicians, accountants, pilots, and engineers etc. Library and Information Science (LIS) is perhaps one of the disciplines that undergraduates may not have chosen as a career path because it is perceived as an ‘unprofessional’ discipline (Isaa, 2008). Information science and librarianship as a discipline concerned with the effective transfer of desired information from human generator to human user. Based on the services rendered by librarians to patrons and the place of librarianship in the country of professions. Ajibero (1993) argued with evidences, confidence and vigour that librarianship is the mother of all professions, custodian of culture and promoter of scholarship as it (librarianship) provides for existence, growth and survival of all other profession. Ajibero (1993) in a strong term stressed that librarianship is one of the oldest and still the greatest of all human professions as the practitioners (librarians) are pre-occupied with searching for data and information on behalf of others and it is from these data and information that other professions derive their surviving nutrients and strength. Many people or Nigerians are ignorant of what library and information science is all about or whom a librarian is, his duties, required qualification and status and this lack of awareness or ignorance has continuously given librarianship or the field of library and information science a bad image. Reviewing past relevant literatures on image of librarian and librarianship, and the damage that had been done to the profession through wrong perceptions due to ignorance, Ajidahun (2004) quoting Agasa (1997) called for an outright redefinition of the role of the librarians. Until this is done, it was predicted, the false societal perception of image will continue to pursue library and information science profession.
An individual is adjudged a professional because he/she has knowledge and skills in a particular discipline and to which the “commoner” or the unprofessional seek this knowledge. Librarians are professionals due to their knowledge and ability to bring order to a world of “information chaos”. Technological advancement has therefore given the profession a lift such that a librarian is no longer confined only to the “four walls” of a library and neither has the place of the librarian been eroded by the internet. Rather this technological platform enhances a librarian’s information role, such that the librarian of today doubles as a programmer, webmaster, digital curator, electronic librarian, internet searcher, database manager, etc. (Igbinosa, 2007).
In Nigeria, the National Universities Commission which is the regulatory body for higher education in Nigeria is perhaps contributing to the sudden recognition and societal acceptance of LIS in Nigeria. This might have been caused by the proliferation of institutions of higher learning and as part of its accreditation policy, that institutions must have well-equipped libraries as well as professional librarians to support the teaching, learning and research activities in these institutions. Furthermore, other factors that may dictate a career path for today’s youth in US are Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE) result; predetermined cut-off point in Unified Tertiary Matriculation Exanimation (UTME) conducted by the Joint Admission Matriculation Board (JAMB) and Post-UTME conducted by the chosen universities (Oguagbemi, 2012).
The choice of a career path in L1S may therefore not have stemmed from a natural interest of today’s youth owing to it not being perceived as one of the conventional “professional disciplines’’ hence most undergraduates find themselves by accident rather than by design in the profession. Most undergraduates will rather choose professional disciplines like Law, Medicine, Pharmacy. Accounting, Engineering, etc. and then have a rethink of change of course when they do not meet up to the required demands for admission (Olarenwaju, 2012).
As a result of the foregoing one then begins to wonder if LIS schools in Nigerian universities are “dumping grounds” for less academically intelligent undergraduates with less impressive academic entry profile? It is pertinent therefore to state that undergraduates in US departments are also admitted based on specified admission criteria used for their counterparts in the “professional” disciplines. They have to meet up with predetermined cut-off marks. All these and the subjects taken at secondary school constitute the entry profile of students, An undergraduates entry profile into LIS is not restrictive rather it is a combination of different subjects hence the richness of the profession (Okoro, 2009).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
It is assumed by the general populace that undergraduates in LIS are not as highly-rated academically as their counterparts in other professions hence this gives the picture of US departments as a “dumping ground” so to say. Furthermore, several studies in Nigeria have been conducted in relation to undergraduates’ career choices however very little or no research has been carried out with emphasis on newly admitted students and their entry academic profile in relation to their career choices, hence this study investigates the career choice of library and information science students in Delta State University.
1.3 Research Questions
The following research questions are raised to guide the study:
What are the factors influencing the choice of career in library and information science?
What are the challenges of library and information science practices?
What are the attitude of the students about library and information science as a career?
1.4 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this research work is to investigate the career choice of library and information science students in Delta State University. Superficially, the study will address the following:
The factors influencing the choice of career in library and information science
The factors affecting the choice of career in library and information science
Challenges in the practices of library and information science
The attitude of the students about library and information science as a career
1.5 Significance of the Study
This study will be of great benefits to the students, lecturers, educational administrators and educational policy makers
The study will benefit the students in such a way as to help them understand the values of choosing career that will suit their potential and vocational aspirations.
This study will also be of significance to the lecturers since the study will expose those factors that influence students in their choice of career in library and information sciences.
Furthermore, the educational administrators will benefit from this study as guiding them in the areas of admission so that they will not admit students who are not ready into the department of library and information science.
Lastly, educational policy makers will benefit from this study as the study will expose them to the predispositions to the career choices in library and information science which will guide them when making policy that relates to libraries and librarianship in the educational sector.
1.6 Scope and Delimitation of Study
This study covers the career choice of library and information science students in Delta State University. This study is limited to four hundred (400) level students from the department of library and information science, Delta State University, Abraka.
1.7 Operational Definition of Terms
Library: This is a collection of books and other literary materials which are kept for reading, study and consultation
Career: This is an occupation or profession, especially one requiring speedily training
Choice: This involves mentally making a decision, judging the merits of multiple options and selecting one or more of them.
Library and Information Sciences: This is the systematic body of knowledge related to the book and the library, including diverse aspects dealing with books and autonomous activities but also related to the entity of which they are a part.
Student: This is a learner, or someone who attends an educational institution
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THE USE OF ICT IN PROMOTING LIBRARY RESOURCE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Many Developing countries have seen the need for the adoption of ICT and the planned implementation of national ICT strategy as a significant component in the success of ICT efforts to foster rapid national development through greater productivity in the promotion of library resources. The term ICT refers to Information and communication technology which consist of electronic technologies which facilitate access to information such as the Internet, wireless networks, and cellular phones (WEF, 2012).The effective adoptions of ICT enable the governments to propel rapid productivity gains through the education sectors in the development of library resources. The governments now view Information and communication technologies as a strategy to enhance rapid national development through ICT-driven productivity gains (Masanet & Matthews, 2010).Consequently the coordinated effort of government is required in this direction to adopt and implement a robust and integrated ICT platform for an effective system of service delivery. (IDB, 2009). It is important to note that Nigeria requires an integrated ICT agenda to sustain its national developmental expectations (WEF, 2012). The benefits of ICT adoption permeats the educational sector workplace productivity (Masanet & Matthews, 2010). Public sector workplace productivity therefore impacts on business efficiencies resulting in resource efficiency, enhanced customer interface, cost control mechanisms, energy savings, and reducing negative environmental effects through using ICT applications (Masanet & Matthews, 2010). Borisov and Barbulescu (2012) postulated the adoption of the term electronic government which he stated consist of ICT tools and systems which is used to access and efficiently deliver public services to all stakeholders . (Bannister & Wilson, 2011).The adoption of ICT has facilitated easy access and interaction between government and its citizens .Also the development of mobile technologies, new web browsers, social media applications and sites, has provided the government with new tools to enhance the needs of e-government, which facilitate the development of an efficient system to manage public services geared at improving public’s confidence in government services (Borisov & Barbulescu, 2012).The research seek to investigate The Use of ICT in Promoting Library Resources –
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The need for the adoption of ICT and the planned implementation of national ICT strategy as a significant component in the success of ICT efforts to foster rapid national development in the provision of library resource through greater productivity cannot be over emphasized. Borisov and Barbulescu (2012) postulated the adoption of the term electronic government which he stated consist of ICT tools and systems which is used to access and efficiently deliver public services to all stakeholders . (Bannister & Wilson, 2011).The adoption of ICT has facilitated easy access and interaction between government and its citizens .Also the development of mobile technologies, new web browsers, social media applications and sites, has provided the government with new tools to enhance the needs of library resources, which facilitate the development of an efficient library system geared at improving public’s confidence in government services. Consequently the coordinated effort of government is required in this direction to adopt and implement a robust and integrated ICT platform for an effective system of library resource service delivery. (IDB, 2009). It is important to note that Nigeria requires an integrated ICT agenda to sustain its national developmental expectations (WEF, 2012).This constitute the challenges confronting Nigeria in its bid to adopt ICT implementation. Therefore the problem confronting the research is determine The Use of ICT in Promoting Library Resources
1.3 Objectives of the Study
To determine The Use of ICT in Promoting Library Resources
1.4 Research Questions
What is ICT?
How effective is the Use of ICT in Promoting Library Resources
1.5 Significance of the Study
The study shall proffer an appraisal of the Use of ICT in Promoting Library Resources
Many Developing countries have seen the need for the adoption of ICT and the planned implementation of national ICT strategy as a significant component in the success of ICT efforts to foster rapid national development through greater productivity in the promotion of library resources. The term ICT refers to Information and communication technology which consist of electronic technologies which facilitate access to information such as the Internet, wireless networks, and cellular phones (WEF, 2012).The effective adoptions of ICT enable the governments to propel rapid productivity gains through the education sectors in the development of library resources. The governments now view Information and communication technologies as a strategy to enhance rapid national development through ICT-driven productivity gains (Masanet & Matthews, 2010)
1.6 Research Hypothesis
Ho The Use of ICT in Promoting Library Resources is not effective
Hi The Use of ICT in Promoting Library Resources is effective
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study focuses on the Use of ICT in Promoting Library Resources
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The study was confronted by some constraint including logistics and geographical factor.
1.9 Definition of Terms
ICT DEFINED
According to WEF (2012) Information and communication technology (ICT) consist of Electronic technologies which facilitate easy access to information such as the Internet, wireless networks, and cellular phones (WEF, 2012).
PRODUCTIVITY DEFINED
The term Productivity measures and calculates inputs to outputs and determines its effect on a country’s economy and its competitiveness (Freeman, 2008).
DEVELOPED COUNTRY
Developed country: A self-sustaining high-income economy built on a modern
Infrastructure and technology and having, a high standard of living. According to the World Bank Group (2011), this designation is also applicable to very industrialized middle-income countries.
DEVELOPING COUNTRY
Developing country: A country with low-income to middle-income economy, as
Measured on a per capita income basis. Developing countries include several countries with transition economies founded on the per capita income inhabited by 80% of the world’s population (World Bank Group, 2011).
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]]>BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
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THE ROLE OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE PROFESSIONALS IN MARKETING LIBRARY SERVICES
Abstract:
In an era characterized by rapid technological advancements and evolving user needs, the role of library and information science (LIS) professionals extends beyond traditional stewardship to encompass dynamic marketing practices. This study explores the multifaceted responsibilities of LIS professionals in marketing library services and highlights their pivotal role in adapting libraries to meet the information needs of diverse user communities.
The research employs a comprehensive approach, incorporating literature reviews, case studies, and interviews with LIS professionals engaged in marketing initiatives. It investigates the evolving landscape of library services, emphasizing the imperative for proactive engagement in marketing to enhance visibility, user engagement, and community impact.
Key objectives include identifying the core responsibilities of LIS professionals in marketing library services, assessing the impact of marketing strategies on user perceptions, and analyzing successful case studies of libraries that have effectively employed marketing principles.
The outcomes of this research aim to provide insights into the strategic contributions of LIS professionals in shaping the modern library as a vibrant and user-centric institution. By understanding their roles in marketing, this study contributes to the ongoing dialogue on the transformation of libraries into dynamic hubs that cater to the diverse information needs of communities in the digital age.
Chapter One:
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Libraries, as repositories of knowledge and information, play a pivotal role in society by connecting individuals with valuable resources. In an era marked by technological advancements and information abundance, the importance of effective marketing in promoting library services cannot be overstated. Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals, as stewards of information, are essential in crafting and implementing marketing strategies that ensure the visibility, accessibility, and relevance of library services.
Libraries have long been regarded as essential pillars of knowledge, serving as hubs for learning, research, and community engagement. In the contemporary information landscape, marked by digital advancements and dynamic user expectations, libraries face the imperative of not only offering valuable services but also ensuring that these services are effectively communicated and utilized. The role of Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals in marketing library services has become increasingly vital to bridge the gap between the wealth of resources available and the awareness of their existence within the community.
Traditionally, libraries were perceived as repositories of books and manuscripts. However, the modern library has evolved into a multifaceted information center, offering diverse services, from digital resources and educational programs to specialized research assistance. While the expansion of services enhances the library’s potential impact, it also necessitates strategic marketing efforts to ensure that these services are known, accessible, and utilized by the intended audience.
Library and Information Science professionals, with their expertise in organizing, managing, and disseminating information, play a pivotal role in shaping the narrative and visibility of library services. Their involvement in marketing goes beyond the conventional boundaries of library roles, requiring a nuanced understanding of user needs, technological trends, and community dynamics.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Despite the wealth of resources available in libraries, there often exists a gap between the services offered and the awareness and utilization of these services by the community. The lack of comprehensive marketing strategies poses a challenge to the optimal functioning and impact of libraries. This study aims to explore the role of LIS professionals in addressing this gap by examining their involvement in marketing library services.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The primary purpose of this research is to investigate and understand the role of Library and Information Science professionals in marketing library services. By examining their involvement in planning, implementing, and evaluating marketing initiatives, the study seeks to identify the challenges faced and the opportunities available for LIS professionals to enhance the visibility and utilization of library services.
1.4 Research Objectives
The specific objectives of this study include:
To assess the current level of involvement of LIS professionals in marketing library services.
To identify the challenges faced by LIS professionals in marketing library services.
To explore the strategies employed by LIS professionals in promoting library services.
To examine the impact of marketing efforts on the visibility and utilization of library services.
1.5 Research Questions
What is the extent of involvement of LIS professionals in marketing library services?
What challenges do LIS professionals encounter in marketing library services?
What strategies do LIS professionals employ in promoting library services?
How does marketing impact the visibility and utilization of library services?
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study holds significance for LIS professionals, library administrators, policymakers, and researchers. Understanding the role of LIS professionals in marketing library services is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of library outreach and engagement. The findings can inform professional development initiatives, guide strategic planning, and contribute to the broader discourse on the evolving role of libraries in the digital age.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This research focuses on LIS professionals and their involvement in marketing library services. The study will cover various types of libraries, including academic, public, and special libraries. The geographical scope is not limited, allowing for diverse perspectives and experiences to be considered.
1.8 Definition of Terms
Library and Information Science (LIS): The field of study and practice that involves the organization, retrieval, and dissemination of information within libraries and other information environments.
Marketing: The strategic activities and processes aimed at promoting, communicating, and creating awareness of library services to target audiences.
Library Services: The range of resources, programs, and facilities offered by libraries to meet the informational, educational, and recreational needs of users.
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INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP STYLE AND MENTORING ON CAPACITY BUILDING OF PERSONNEL IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
ABSTRACT:
Rationale of Study – This research discusses influence of leadership style and mentoring on capacity building of personnel in academic libraries in southwest Nigeria,it
highlights the usefulness of mentoring in sustaining capacity building of personnel among academic librarians in Nigeria. The work identifies who a librarian is, the cardinal elements of a profession, the code of ethics of librarianship and why it is important for librarians to follow the rules and regulations of the profession.
A quantitative research design was selected for this study to investigate the views of librarians on leadership and mentoring for sustaining capacity building among personnel in Nigerian academic libraries. The study used questionnaires to collect data which was analysed quantitatively.
The key findings showed that majority of the respondents are into one form of mentoring. Results also showed that there are benefits in mentoring and it should be encouraged and sustained for professional development. The work concludes that leadership and mentoring is a tool needed for building better librarian personnel and required for taking the profession to its expected destination.
The results of the study will help librarians and library associations to appreciate and encourage leadership and mentoring in the profession and do all to sustain professionalism through leadership and mentoring.
Originality – The work’s contribution to knowledge lies in its evidence to support the position that librarians need leadership and mentoring to facilitate productivity and professionalism in Academic Libraries.
1. Introduction
Mentoring is an invaluable tool for career development for library and information professionals. It is a recognised way of facilitating learning in the workplace and designed to make use of guided learning with a view to developing the knowledge and skills required for high performance (Mathews & Crows, 2003). Mentoring programmes offer an established, verified, and proven best practice to enhance organisational and individual learning (Goodyear, 2006). It can be used for a librarian’s professional development or as a tool to enhance the organisation’s goals or library workforce development activities. Training physically, socially, intellectually and mentally is essential in facilitating not only the level of productivity, but also the development of personnel in any organisation. The need for improved productivity has become universally accepted; it depends on efficient and effective training.
The library is a cultural, educational and scientific secondary institution that organises the public use of published works. There are various departments in the library such as circulation, cataloguing, reference, serials, acquisitions, collection development and Information technology (IT). Individuals of various cadres work in the library to make it achieve the set goals. These individuals could be professional librarians, paraprofessionals and other supportive staff. A librarian is trained in information organisation and retrieval, and will often have specialised training in a particular type of library or function. An academic library is important to university education. The purpose of an academic library is to support the teaching and research of the university; it is an integral part of a university or college administered to meet the information, research and curriculum needs of its students, faculty and staff. Librarians, as prominent and professional library workers, need formal and informal training to be able to gain knowledge that puts them in control.
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CAREER CHOICE OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE STUDENTS IN DELTA STATE UNIVERSITY, ABRAKA
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The choice of a career is a herculean task faced by many people and if this choice is not carefully made, can either make or mar the future of an individual because there are many career paths to choose from. The choice of a career can therefore be influenced by various factors ranging from internal to external such as ignorance, gender, interest, parental/relative influence, advice from friends, school’s influence(peer and curricular content), religion, child’s upbringing, teacher’s counsel, family values, prestige and societal perception accorded a particular profession, employability; an individual’s characteristics, environment, salary, etc.
Interestingly, some individuals are attracted to career because of the mode of dressing of the individuals in that profession e.g. lawyers, physicians, accountants, pilots, and engineers etc. Library and Information Science (LIS) is perhaps one of the disciplines that undergraduates may not have chosen as a career path because it is perceived as an ‘unprofessional’ discipline (Isaa, 2008). Information science and librarianship as a discipline concerned with the effective transfer of desired information from human generator to human user. Based on the services rendered by librarians to patrons and the place of librarianship in the country of professions. Ajibero (1993) argued with evidences, confidence and vigour that librarianship is the mother of all professions, custodian of culture and promoter of scholarship as it (librarianship) provides for existence, growth and survival of all other profession. Ajibero (1993) in a strong term stressed that librarianship is one of the oldest and still the greatest of all human professions as the practitioners (librarians) are pre-occupied with searching for data and information on behalf of others and it is from these data and information that other professions derive their surviving nutrients and strength. Many people or Nigerians are ignorant of what library and information science is all about or whom a librarian is, his duties, required qualification and status and this lack of awareness or ignorance has continuously given librarianship or the field of library and information science a bad image. Reviewing past relevant literatures on image of librarian and librarianship, and the damage that had been done to the profession through wrong perceptions due to ignorance, Ajidahun (2004) quoting Agasa (1997) called for an outright redefinition of the role of the librarians. Until this is done, it was predicted, the false societal perception of image will continue to pursue library and information science profession.
An individual is adjudged a professional because he/she has knowledge and skills in a particular discipline and to which the “commoner” or the unprofessional seek this knowledge. Librarians are professionals due to their knowledge and ability to bring order to a world of “information chaos”. Technological advancement has therefore given the profession a lift such that a librarian is no longer confined only to the “four walls” of a library and neither has the place of the librarian been eroded by the internet. Rather this technological platform enhances a librarian’s information role, such that the librarian of today doubles as a programmer, webmaster, digital curator, electronic librarian, internet searcher, database manager, etc. (Igbinosa, 2007).
In Nigeria, the National Universities Commission which is the regulatory body for higher education in Nigeria is perhaps contributing to the sudden recognition and societal acceptance of LIS in Nigeria. This might have been caused by the proliferation of institutions of higher learning and as part of its accreditation policy, that institutions must have well-equipped libraries as well as professional librarians to support the teaching, learning and research activities in these institutions. Furthermore, other factors that may dictate a career path for today’s youth in US are Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE) result; predetermined cut-off point in Unified Tertiary Matriculation Exanimation (UTME) conducted by the Joint Admission Matriculation Board (JAMB) and Post-UTME conducted by the chosen universities (Oguagbemi, 2012).
The choice of a career path in L1S may therefore not have stemmed from a natural interest of today’s youth owing to it not being perceived as one of the conventional “professional disciplines’’ hence most undergraduates find themselves by accident rather than by design in the profession. Most undergraduates will rather choose professional disciplines like Law, Medicine, Pharmacy. Accounting, Engineering, etc. and then have a rethink of change of course when they do not meet up to the required demands for admission (Olarenwaju, 2012).
As a result of the foregoing one then begins to wonder if LIS schools in Nigerian universities are “dumping grounds” for less academically intelligent undergraduates with less impressive academic entry profile? It is pertinent therefore to state that undergraduates in US departments are also admitted based on specified admission criteria used for their counterparts in the “professional” disciplines. They have to meet up with predetermined cut-off marks. All these and the subjects taken at secondary school constitute the entry profile of students, An undergraduates entry profile into LIS is not restrictive rather it is a combination of different subjects hence the richness of the profession (Okoro, 2009).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
It is assumed by the general populace that undergraduates in LIS are not as highly-rated academically as their counterparts in other professions hence this gives the picture of US departments as a “dumping ground” so to say. Furthermore, several studies in Nigeria have been conducted in relation to undergraduates’ career choices however very little or no research has been carried out with emphasis on newly admitted students and their entry academic profile in relation to their career choices, hence this study investigates the career choice of library and information science students in Delta State University.
1.3 Research Questions
The following research questions are raised to guide the study:
What are the factors influencing the choice of career in library and information science?
What are the challenges of library and information science practices?
What are the attitude of the students about library and information science as a career?
1.4 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this research work is to investigate the career choice of library and information science students in Delta State University. Superficially, the study will address the following:
The factors influencing the choice of career in library and information science
The factors affecting the choice of career in library and information science
Challenges in the practices of library and information science
The attitude of the students about library and information science as a career
1.5 Significance of the Study
This study will be of great benefits to the students, lecturers, educational administrators and educational policy makers
The study will benefit the students in such a way as to help them understand the values of choosing career that will suit their potential and vocational aspirations.
This study will also be of significance to the lecturers since the study will expose those factors that influence students in their choice of career in library and information sciences.
Furthermore, the educational administrators will benefit from this study as guiding them in the areas of admission so that they will not admit students who are not ready into the department of library and information science.
Lastly, educational policy makers will benefit from this study as the study will expose them to the predispositions to the career choices in library and information science which will guide them when making policy that relates to libraries and librarianship in the educational sector.
1.6 Scope and Delimitation of Study
This study covers the career choice of library and information science students in Delta State University. This study is limited to four hundred (400) level students from the department of library and information science, Delta State University, Abraka.
1.7 Operational Definition of Terms
Library: This is a collection of books and other literary materials which are kept for reading, study and consultation
Career: This is an occupation or profession, especially one requiring speedily training
Choice: This involves mentally making a decision, judging the merits of multiple options and selecting one or more of them.
Library and Information Sciences: This is the systematic body of knowledge related to the book and the library, including diverse aspects dealing with books and autonomous activities but also related to the entity of which they are a part.
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ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICES ON THE LITERACY LEVEL OF NIGERIANS(A CASE STUDY OF ABIA STATE PUBLIC LIBRARY UMUAHIA)
Abstract
Public libraries serve as essential institutions for promoting literacy and knowledge acquisition within communities. This study aims to assess the impact of public library services on the literacy level of Nigerians, with a specific focus on the Abia State Public Library in Umuahia. Recognizing the crucial role of literacy in individual and societal development, this research investigates the extent to which public library services contribute to enhancing literacy skills among library patrons.
The methodology employs a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys, interviews, and literacy assessments. Data is collected from library users, examining their perceptions of library services, frequency of library utilization, and the correlation between library engagement and literacy proficiency. Literacy assessments will be conducted to gauge the actual impact of library services on participants’ reading and comprehension abilities.
The findings of this research are expected to shed light on the effectiveness of public library services in promoting literacy, identifying key strengths, challenges, and areas for improvement. By focusing on the Abia State Public Library in Umuahia as a case study, the study provides insights that are contextually relevant to the Nigerian setting. The outcomes may inform policies, strategies, and resource allocation aimed at maximizing the contribution of public libraries to the enhancement of literacy levels in Nigeria. The research underscores the pivotal role of public libraries in advancing education and literacy, thereby contributing to the overall development of individuals and communities.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Public libraries have long been recognized as essential institutions for fostering literacy and providing access to information. In Nigeria, where literacy is a critical component of socio-economic development, public libraries play a pivotal role in promoting a culture of reading and knowledge acquisition. The Abia State Public Library in Umuahia stands as a representative case study, offering insights into the broader impact of public library services on the literacy levels of Nigerians.
The Chambers Universal Learners Dictionary define a library as a building or room containing a collection of books or some other collection, for example, gramophone records.
Shair (1963) also defines a library as an organization of one or more trained people who use carefully selected or organized books, periodicals and other similar materials as a means of giving to those who may appropriately use it to the fullest extent of their need or desires the information, enrichment or delight which is to be heard from the written word.
The library can be defined as an institution that is mostly concerned with the methods, skills, and system for acquisition, storage, preservation and dissemination of recorded and non-recorded materials. The library is generally grouped into six (6) which are national, academic, school, private, special and public libraries.
The public library is a library which carters for the informational needs of everybody in the society. It is not restricted to anybody or a particular group of people. The implication of the word ‘PUBLIC’ is that the library is expected to serve everybody in the community in which it is situated; hence it is also called “The People’s University”.
According to Gates (1976), the public library can be defined as a library authorized by state law, supported from general public funds or special taxes voted for the purpose and administered for the benefits of the citizens of the country, town, city or region which maintains it on the basis of equal access to all. Ikokoh (2003) defines public library as a library provided wholly or partly from public funds and the use of which is not restricted to any class or person in the community, but is freely available to all.
The public library primarily exists to serve the entire members of its locality referred to as the general public. Nuhu (1994) observed that the public library has the same universal objective of serving the general public towards the educational upliftment and awareness of rural and urban persons, to enhance and develop their potentialities. The public library has the traditional role of acquiring books and audio-visual materials, and making them available to patrons regardless to citizenship, age, educational level, economic and social status or any qualification or condition. It must therefore be a depository of a variety of books and other informative materials and provide needed services for the members of the immediate community it serves. The public library has proved to be of the best means of providing books and non-books materials and making them available and accessible for its diverse users.
Public libraries are now acknowledged to be an indispensable part of community wide range of reading materials for all ages and centres for community information services. The public library that provides services to the general public, is also responsible for serving special categories of the public, such as children, members of the armed forces, hospital, patients, prisoners, workers and employees. In other words, it is a library established by the state to provide wide service and supervised by either a ministry or a library board.
The public library first started in the early 19th Century in Europe and America. In England for instance, industrial cities like Manchester, Russia and Detroit in the United States had public libraries so as to meet the informational needs of the industries. Boman (1989) in addition said that the growth of education and printing encouraged the use of books. For that reasons, the first public library Act in England was promulgated in 1850. It empowered that any town council with a population of 10, 000 (later 5, 000) people was entitled to one public library.
Emmanuel (2006) asserts that public libraries in Nigeria were modeled after the Bristish. They started about fifty years before independence with the establishment of libraries in Lagos. The Modern public library movement in Nigeria can be said to have started from the foundation in 1910 and 1920 with the Tom Jones Library in Lagos. He further added that the Tom Jones Library had acquired the character of a public subscription library in which the public can subscribe to membership and get books for a particular period of time. The Lagos Library which was established in 1932 was also on public subscription.
Baba (2007) also added that the Lagos book club established its rules of operation at a general meeting on 3rd June, 1932 with Sir Allan Burns, the Chief Secretary of Nigeria being largely responsible for the establishment of the Lagos book club. He was also one of the foundation members of that library. He prepared a forward to the rule that will guide the use of the library at that time. He further said that the genesis of the present day public library services in Nigeria, is traceable to reading rooms which were established by British Colonial administration between 1938-1945. The functions of the reading rooms were merely to disseminate information that were tailored to solicit the support of the British inhabitant. The reading rooms were very instrumental in propagating the British Interest during the Second World War. These reading rooms were spread in many crannies of Nigerian and acted as catalyst of the colonial masters.
After the collapse of the reading rooms, it was decided that each region should have its own independent library services. This was one of the resolutions of the Ibadan seminar on the development of public library in Africa which was held in 1953. This seminar was organized jointly by the Nigerian Government and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The resolution further recommended that the regional libraries be run by library boards beginning with Eastern Nigeria.
The importance of literacy in empowering individuals and communities cannot be overstated. Literate societies are better equipped to navigate the complexities of the modern world, make informed decisions, and contribute meaningfully to economic and social progress. Public libraries, as community hubs for learning, have the potential to significantly influence literacy levels by providing access to diverse reading materials, educational programs, and information resources.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Despite the recognized importance of public libraries, there is a need to critically assess their impact on literacy levels, particularly in the Nigerian context. The Abia State Public Library, like many others, faces challenges related to resource allocation, technological advancements, and evolving user needs. Understanding the specific contributions of this public library to literacy enhancement is essential for addressing these challenges and optimizing the services provided to the community.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objectives of this study are as follows:
To assess the availability and accessibility of literacy resources in the Abia State Public Library.
To examine the utilization patterns of library services by the community, focusing on literacy-related programs and materials.
To evaluate the perceived impact of public library services on the literacy levels of library patrons.
To identify challenges faced by the Abia State Public Library in promoting literacy and providing effective services.
1.4 Research Questions
What is the current status of literacy resources in the Abia State Public Library?
How do patrons utilize library services, particularly those related to literacy enhancement?
What are the perceived impacts of public library services on the literacy levels of community members?
What challenges does the Abia State Public Library encounter in promoting literacy?
1.5 Significance of the Study
This study holds significance for several stakeholders, including policymakers, library administrators, educators, and the community at large. Understanding the impact of public library services on literacy levels is crucial for informed decision-making, resource allocation, and the development of effective strategies to enhance literacy in Nigeria.
1.6 Scope of the Study
The study focuses specifically on the Abia State Public Library in Umuahia, considering its unique characteristics and the local context. The research will encompass an analysis of available literacy resources, library utilization patterns, and the perceived impact of services on the literacy levels of library patrons.
1.7 Structure of the Thesis
The thesis will be organized into several chapters. Chapter 2 will provide a comprehensive review of the literature related to public libraries, literacy promotion, and the impact of library services on community development. Chapter 3 will outline the research methodology, detailing the data collection techniques and tools. Subsequent chapters will present and analyze research findings, discuss implications, and provide recommendations for optimizing the impact of public library services on literacy in Nigeria.
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THE ROLE OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE PROFESSIONALS IN MARKETING LIBRARY SERVICES
Abstract:
In an era characterized by rapid technological advancements and evolving user needs, the role of library and information science (LIS) professionals extends beyond traditional stewardship to encompass dynamic marketing practices. This study explores the multifaceted responsibilities of LIS professionals in marketing library services and highlights their pivotal role in adapting libraries to meet the information needs of diverse user communities.
The research employs a comprehensive approach, incorporating literature reviews, case studies, and interviews with LIS professionals engaged in marketing initiatives. It investigates the evolving landscape of library services, emphasizing the imperative for proactive engagement in marketing to enhance visibility, user engagement, and community impact.
Key objectives include identifying the core responsibilities of LIS professionals in marketing library services, assessing the impact of marketing strategies on user perceptions, and analyzing successful case studies of libraries that have effectively employed marketing principles.
The outcomes of this research aim to provide insights into the strategic contributions of LIS professionals in shaping the modern library as a vibrant and user-centric institution. By understanding their roles in marketing, this study contributes to the ongoing dialogue on the transformation of libraries into dynamic hubs that cater to the diverse information needs of communities in the digital age.
Chapter One:
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Libraries, as repositories of knowledge and information, play a pivotal role in society by connecting individuals with valuable resources. In an era marked by technological advancements and information abundance, the importance of effective marketing in promoting library services cannot be overstated. Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals, as stewards of information, are essential in crafting and implementing marketing strategies that ensure the visibility, accessibility, and relevance of library services.
Libraries have long been regarded as essential pillars of knowledge, serving as hubs for learning, research, and community engagement. In the contemporary information landscape, marked by digital advancements and dynamic user expectations, libraries face the imperative of not only offering valuable services but also ensuring that these services are effectively communicated and utilized. The role of Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals in marketing library services has become increasingly vital to bridge the gap between the wealth of resources available and the awareness of their existence within the community.
Traditionally, libraries were perceived as repositories of books and manuscripts. However, the modern library has evolved into a multifaceted information center, offering diverse services, from digital resources and educational programs to specialized research assistance. While the expansion of services enhances the library’s potential impact, it also necessitates strategic marketing efforts to ensure that these services are known, accessible, and utilized by the intended audience.
Library and Information Science professionals, with their expertise in organizing, managing, and disseminating information, play a pivotal role in shaping the narrative and visibility of library services. Their involvement in marketing goes beyond the conventional boundaries of library roles, requiring a nuanced understanding of user needs, technological trends, and community dynamics.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Despite the wealth of resources available in libraries, there often exists a gap between the services offered and the awareness and utilization of these services by the community. The lack of comprehensive marketing strategies poses a challenge to the optimal functioning and impact of libraries. This study aims to explore the role of LIS professionals in addressing this gap by examining their involvement in marketing library services.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The primary purpose of this research is to investigate and understand the role of Library and Information Science professionals in marketing library services. By examining their involvement in planning, implementing, and evaluating marketing initiatives, the study seeks to identify the challenges faced and the opportunities available for LIS professionals to enhance the visibility and utilization of library services.
1.4 Research Objectives
The specific objectives of this study include:
To assess the current level of involvement of LIS professionals in marketing library services.
To identify the challenges faced by LIS professionals in marketing library services.
To explore the strategies employed by LIS professionals in promoting library services.
To examine the impact of marketing efforts on the visibility and utilization of library services.
1.5 Research Questions
What is the extent of involvement of LIS professionals in marketing library services?
What challenges do LIS professionals encounter in marketing library services?
What strategies do LIS professionals employ in promoting library services?
How does marketing impact the visibility and utilization of library services?
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study holds significance for LIS professionals, library administrators, policymakers, and researchers. Understanding the role of LIS professionals in marketing library services is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of library outreach and engagement. The findings can inform professional development initiatives, guide strategic planning, and contribute to the broader discourse on the evolving role of libraries in the digital age.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This research focuses on LIS professionals and their involvement in marketing library services. The study will cover various types of libraries, including academic, public, and special libraries. The geographical scope is not limited, allowing for diverse perspectives and experiences to be considered.
1.8 Definition of Terms
Library and Information Science (LIS): The field of study and practice that involves the organization, retrieval, and dissemination of information within libraries and other information environments.
Marketing: The strategic activities and processes aimed at promoting, communicating, and creating awareness of library services to target audiences.
Library Services: The range of resources, programs, and facilities offered by libraries to meet the informational, educational, and recreational needs of users.
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RESEARCH TOPICS IN LIBRARY STUDIES
1. The Impact of Information Technology on Library Services
2. Evaluating the Role of Libraries in Lifelong Learning
3. An Analysis of Library Space Design and User Satisfaction
4. The Integration of Social Media in Library Outreach Programs
5. Assessing the Effectiveness of E-books in Academic Libraries
6. Exploring the Challenges of Digital Preservation in Libraries
7. An Investigation into the Role of School Libraries in Fostering Literacy
8. The Impact of Library Automation on Information Retrieval
9. Evaluating the Role of Libraries in Supporting Open Access Initiatives
10. An Analysis of the Role of Libraries in Community Development
11. The Influence of Library Resources on Research Productivity in Universities
12. Assessing the Impact of Library Services on Student Academic Performance
13. Exploring the Role of Libraries in Promoting Cultural Heritage Preservation
14. An Investigation into Library Accessibility for Persons with Disabilities
15. The Integration of Virtual Reality in Library Services
16. Evaluating the Use of Social Tagging in Library Catalogs
17. An Analysis of Library Collection Development Strategies
18. The Role of Libraries in Supporting Distance Education Programs
19. Assessing the Impact of Library Outreach Programs in Underserved Communities
20. Exploring the Challenges of Information Literacy Instruction in Libraries
21. The Integration of Maker Spaces in Public Libraries
22. An Investigation into Library Consortia and Resource Sharing
23. The Role of Libraries in Promoting Multilingualism and Diversity
24. Evaluating the Impact of Library Marketing Strategies on User Engagement
25. An Analysis of User Experience in Academic Libraries
26. Assessing the Role of Libraries in Preserving Indigenous Knowledge
27. Exploring the Challenges of Digital Divide in Library Access
28. The Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Library Services
29. An Investigation into Library Security Measures and Patron Safety
30. The Impact of Mobile Technologies on Library Services
31. Evaluating the Role of Libraries in Supporting Entrepreneurship
32. An Analysis of Library Services for Senior Citizens
33. Assessing the Impact of Library Makerspaces on STEM Education
34. Exploring the Role of Libraries in Promoting Sustainable Development Goals
35. The Integration of Blockchain Technology in Library Management
36. An Investigation into Library Consortia for Special Collections
37. The Role of Libraries in Addressing Fake News and Information Literacy
38. Evaluating the Impact of Library Apps on User Engagement
39. An Analysis of Library Policies for Collection Development and Weeding
40. Assessing the Role of Libraries in Disaster Preparedness and Recovery
41. Exploring the Challenges of Electronic Resource Management in Libraries
42. The Integration of Augmented Reality in Library Exhibits
43. An Investigation into Library Services for Diverse Populations
44. The Role of Libraries in Supporting STEM Education at the K-12 Level
45. Assessing the Impact of Library Instruction Programs on Student Success
46. Evaluating the Role of Libraries in Supporting Open Educational Resources
47. An Analysis of Library Services for International Students
48. Exploring the Challenges of Data Management in Academic Libraries
49. The Integration of Virtual Libraries in Online Learning Environments
50. An Investigation into Library Services for Persons with Visual Impairments
51. The Role of Libraries in Preserving Digital Cultural Heritage
52. Assessing the Impact of Library Services in Correctional Facilities
53. Exploring the Challenges of Library Budgeting and Resource Allocation
54. The Integration of Gamification in Library Instruction Programs
55. An Analysis of Library Services for LGBTQ+ Communities
56. Evaluating the Role of Libraries in Promoting Global Citizenship
57. Assessing the Impact of Library Collections on Community Health
58. Exploring the Challenges of Library Space Planning and Design
59. The Integration of Robotics in Library Services
60. An Investigation into Library Services for Homeless Populations
61. The Role of Libraries in Supporting Civic Engagement
62. Assessing the Impact of Library Services in Rural Communities
63. Exploring the Challenges of Library Services for Children with Special Needs
64. The Integration of Chatbots in Library Reference Services
65. An Analysis of Library Services for Refugees and Immigrants
66. Evaluating the Role of Libraries in Digital Preservation of Newspapers
67. Assessing the Impact of Library Services in Correctional Facilities
68. Exploring the Challenges of Library Budgeting and Resource Allocation
69. The Integration of Gamification in Library Instruction Programs
70. An Analysis of Library Services for LGBTQ+ Communities
71. Evaluating the Role of Libraries in Promoting Global Citizenship
72. Assessing the Impact of Library Collections on Community Health
73. Exploring the Challenges of Library Space Planning and Design
74. The Integration of Robotics in Library Services
75. An Investigation into Library Services for Homeless Populations
76. The Role of Libraries in Supporting Civic Engagement
77. Assessing the Impact of Library Services in Rural Communities
78. Exploring the Challenges of Library Services for Children with Special Needs
79. The Integration of Chatbots in Library Reference Services
80. An Analysis of Library Services for Refugees and Immigrants
81. Evaluating the Impact of Library Services on Mental Health
82. An Investigation into Library Services for Persons with Autism
83. Exploring the Challenges of Library Services in Multicultural Communities
84. The Role of Libraries in Addressing Information Poverty
85. Assessing the Impact of Library Services in Disaster Response
86. An Analysis of Library Services for Prisoner Rehabilitation
87. The Integration of Augmented Reality in Library Exhibits
88. Exploring the Challenges of Digital Preservation in Special Libraries
89. The Role of Libraries in Preserving LGBTQ+ Archives
90. Assessing the Impact of Library Services on Social Inclusion
91. An Investigation into Library Services for Persons with Disabilities in Developing Countries
92. The Integration of Virtual Libraries in Healthcare Settings
93. Evaluating the Role of Libraries in Supporting Mental Health Awareness
94. Assessing the Impact of Library Services in Nursing Homes
95. Exploring the Challenges of Library Services in Juvenile Detention Centers
96. An Analysis of Library Services for Elderly Populations
97. The Role of Libraries in Promoting Environmental Sustainability
98. Evaluating the Impact of Library Services on Community Empowerment
99. An Investigation into Library Services for Remote and Rural Areas
100. The Integration of Virtual Reality in Library Archives Access and Preservation
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ATTITUDES OF UNDERGRADUATES TOWARDS A CAREER IN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The choice of a career is a herculean task faced by many people and if this choice is not carefully made, can either make or mar the future of an individual because there are many career paths to choose from. The choice of a career can therefore be influenced by various factors ranging from internal to external such as ignorance, gender, interest, parental/relative influence, advice from friends, school’s influence(peer and curricular content), religion, child’s upbringing, teacher’s counsel, family values, prestige and societal perception accorded a particular profession, employability; an individual’s characteristics, environment, salary, etc.
Interestingly, some individuals are attracted to career because of the mode of dressing of the individuals in that profession e.g. lawyers, physicians, accountants, pilots, and engineers etc. Library and Information Science (LIS) is perhaps one of the disciplines that undergraduates may not have chosen as a career path because it is perceived as an ‘unprofessional’ discipline (Isaa, 2008). Information science and librarianship as a discipline concerned with the effective transfer of desired information from human generator to human user. Based on the services rendered by librarians to patrons and the place of librarianship in the country of professions. Ajibero (1993) argued with evidences, confidence and vigour that librarianship is the mother of all professions, custodian of culture and promoter of scholarship as it (librarianship) provides for existence, growth and survival of all other profession. Ajibero (1993) in a strong term stressed that librarianship is one of the oldest and still the greatest of all human professions as the practitioners (librarians) are pre-occupied with searching for data and information on behalf of others and it is from these data and information that other professions derive their surviving nutrients and strength. Many people or Nigerians are ignorant of what library and information science is all about or whom a librarian is, his duties, required qualification and status and this lack of awareness or ignorance has continuously given librarianship or the field of library and information science a bad image. Reviewing past relevant literatures on image of librarian and librarianship, and the damage that had been done to the profession through wrong perceptions due to ignorance, Ajidahun (2004) quoting Agasa (1997) called for an outright redefinition of the role of the librarians. Until this is done, it was predicted, the false societal perception of image will continue to pursue library and information science profession.
An individual is adjudged a professional because he/she has knowledge and skills in a particular discipline and to which the “commoner” or the unprofessional seek this knowledge. Librarians are professionals due to their knowledge and ability to bring order to a world of “information chaos”. Technological advancement has therefore given the profession a lift such that a librarian is no longer confined only to the “four walls” of a library and neither has the place of the librarian been eroded by the internet. Rather this technological platform enhances a librarian’s information role, such that the librarian of today doubles as a programmer, webmaster, digital curator, electronic librarian, internet searcher, database manager, etc. (Igbinosa, 2007).
In Nigeria, the National Universities Commission which is the regulatory body for higher education in Nigeria is perhaps contributing to the sudden recognition and societal acceptance of LIS in Nigeria. This might have been caused by the proliferation of institutions of higher learning and as part of its accreditation policy, that institutions must have well-equipped libraries as well as professional librarians to support the teaching, learning and research activities in these institutions. Furthermore, other factors that may dictate a career path for today’s youth in US are Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE) result; predetermined cut-off point in Unified Tertiary Matriculation Exanimation (UTME) conducted by the Joint Admission Matriculation Board (JAMB) and Post-UTME conducted by the chosen universities (Oguagbemi, 2012).
The choice of a career path in L1S may therefore not have stemmed from a natural interest of today’s youth owing to it not being perceived as one of the conventional “professional disciplines’’ hence most undergraduates find themselves by accident rather than by design in the profession. Most undergraduates will rather choose professional disciplines like Law, Medicine, Pharmacy. Accounting, Engineering, etc. and then have a rethink of change of course when they do not meet up to the required demands for admission (Olarenwaju, 2012).
As a result of the foregoing one then begins to wonder if LIS schools in Nigerian universities are “dumping grounds” for less academically intelligent undergraduates with less impressive academic entry profile? It is pertinent therefore to state that undergraduates in US departments are also admitted based on specified admission criteria used for their counterparts in the “professional” disciplines. They have to meet up with predetermined cut-off marks. All these and the subjects taken at secondary school constitute the entry profile of students, An undergraduates entry profile into LIS is not restrictive rather it is a combination of different subjects hence the richness of the profession (Okoro, 2009).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
It is assumed by the general populace that undergraduates in LIS are not as highly-rated academically as their counterparts in other professions hence this gives the picture of US departments as a “dumping ground” so to say. Furthermore, several studies in Nigeria have been conducted in relation to undergraduates’ career choices however very little or no research has been carried out with emphasis on newly admitted students and their entry academic profile in relation to their career choices, hence this study investigates the career choice of library and information science students in Delta State University.
1.3 Research Questions
The following research questions are raised to guide the study:
What are the factors influencing the choice of career in library and information science?
What are the challenges of library and information science practices?
What are the attitude of the students about library and information science as a career?
1.4 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this research work is to investigate the career choice of library and information science students in Delta State University. Superficially, the study will address the following:
The factors influencing the choice of career in library and information science
The factors affecting the choice of career in library and information science
Challenges in the practices of library and information science
The attitude of the students about library and information science as a career
1.5 Significance of the Study
This study will be of great benefits to the students, lecturers, educational administrators and educational policy makers
The study will benefit the students in such a way as to help them understand the values of choosing career that will suit their potential and vocational aspirations.
This study will also be of significance to the lecturers since the study will expose those factors that influence students in their choice of career in library and information sciences.
Furthermore, the educational administrators will benefit from this study as guiding them in the areas of admission so that they will not admit students who are not ready into the department of library and information science.
Lastly, educational policy makers will benefit from this study as the study will expose them to the predispositions to the career choices in library and information science which will guide them when making policy that relates to libraries and librarianship in the educational sector.
1.6 Scope and Delimitation of Study
This study covers the career choice of library and information science students in Delta State University. This study is limited to four hundred (400) level students from the department of library and information science, Delta State University, Abraka.
1.7 Operational Definition of Terms
Library: This is a collection of books and other literary materials which are kept for reading, study and consultation
Career: This is an occupation or profession, especially one requiring speedily training
Choice: This involves mentally making a decision, judging the merits of multiple options and selecting one or more of them.
Library and Information Sciences: This is the systematic body of knowledge related to the book and the library, including diverse aspects dealing with books and autonomous activities but also related to the entity of which they are a part.
Student: This is a learner, or someone who attends an educational institution.
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