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IMPACT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ON OFFICE PROFESSIONALS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Today’s office business, professional or Government is in a state of change. This change is reflected in the office structure and office positions from entry level to Executive Office Professional Level. Hence attention is now given to what the office does and the way in which office activities can be accomplished in an efficient and an effective way an office professional is responsible for the smooth operation of the day-to-day business of the company, a good office professional makes it possible for other people to function efficiently. Office professional s work closely with the company partners, owner, or president to meet their company’s staffing, equipment, and organizational needs. Duties may include pricing products from vendors, interviewing job applicants, managing payroll, and reimbursing members of the firm for out-of-pocket business expenses, and so the need for information technology had to come into play as information technology has replaced the traditional equipment used by an office professional to perform his tasks.
Montgomerie (2004), defines information technology as the handling of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical Information by means of micro-electronic based equipment in computing and telecommunication. This clearly brings about the advantages of information delivery through technological means, since almost all aspects of office work can adequately be taken care of.
Aronu (2000) defines Information Technology as the combination of two technologies, computing and the main purpose of which is to transmit representation of information signals between remote locations.
Office Professional s in banking sectors in Nigeria are scared of losing their jobs due to the advent of information technology. Never the less, Information technology when properly implemented in an organization will bring about productivity and easy flow of information, effective production delivery services to customers.
Unfortunately, it appears that the introduction of information technology seems to pose some problem to office professional s.
Office Professional s in banking sector in Nigeria, seems to be scared of losing their jobs because some of them are inexperienced in the use of modern gadgets such as facsimile Transfer (FAX), video conferencing. As a result of this it has created fear and instability in the office professional s as it seems as if most of them are looking for alternative jobs.
The introduction of technology in the banking sectors in Nigeria would bring about improved performance, but it appears to be at a very high cost-that is the cost of maintenance of equipment and services.
The aim of the study is to find the effect of Information Technology on the performance of the office Professional . The specific objectives of the study are to:-
1. To establish the contributions of Information Technology towards efficient performance of the office professional .
2. To determine the causes of non adaptation of Information Technology in the banking sectors by office professional s.
3. To determine the implications of poor Information Technology applications among office professional s in the banking sector.
4. To identify ways necessary to address issues of Information Technology among office professional s in the banking sector.
1.4 Research Question
1. What is the contribution of Information Technology to the performance of the professional s in the banking sector?
2. What factors affect the non adaptation of Information Technology among office professional s in the banking sector?
3. What is the implication of non- application of Information Technology in banking sector?
4. What strategies are necessary for addressing issues of Information Technology among office professional s in the banking sector?
1.5 Significance of the Study
1. Organization: The study will help treat and improve some existing theories on Information as they apply to organizations as well as the office professionals in the areas of human resources management. It has also become a vital and integral part of every business plan .It will also help organization to improve the way they design and manage customer relationships.
2. Further Research: It is also hoped that the findings of this study will contribute to the existing knowledge and information in the area of research.
3. Office Practitioners: The significance of this research work is immeasurable both to the practitioners, office professionals, chief executives, personnel professional s, the management of the organizations and the public at large. It is expected that the findings and recommendations of the study will guide the area of study to consider introducing information technology for their office professional efficiency and other human resources departments for effective administration of personnel matters.
4. Students: The study will be useful to student who may wish to write or make some research on a similar topic using this as a point of reference and to reorient them towards their profession, future research or practical endeavors
1.6 Scope of the Study
The study covers some aspects of information Technology on the performance of the office professional s, which include the need for the contribution of IT, factors affecting the adaptation of Information Technology, implication of non adaptation and strategies necessary to address Information Technology issues in the selected banks.
1.7 Definition of the Terms
1.7.1 Information: Is a data that has been processed and can be used per decision-making.
1.7.2 Technology: The purposeful application of information in the design, production, and utilization of goods and services, and in the organization of human activities.
1.7.3 Profession: paid occupation, especially one that requires advanced education and training.
1.7.4 Equipment: tools or machinery used for specific purposes.
1.7.5 Information Technology: Is the useful desired form into which data is finally transformed, after undergoing series of processes and can be used for decision making. Technologies of computing and communication both merge together and used by people for information needs of an organization.
1.7.6 Personnel: The body of persons employed by or activities in an organization, business, or service.
1.7.7 Office: Can be a place where information are on paper converges and information is documented, preserved and used for current and future operations or business.
1.7.8 Administrator/Office Professional : Is a person or somebody who is tasked with the responsibility or directing and controlling the work and staff of a business or department within it.
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AN EVALUATION AND SURVEY OF PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF SHORTHAND AND TYPEWRITING IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
ABSTRACT
This study is directed towards finding out the survey of problems associated with the teaching and learning of shorthand and typewriting in Higher Institutions with the aim of ameliorating or improving the situation in order to achieve this purpose, five main hypothesis were made to validate or reject the assumption.
The researcher was necessitated by the engagement of unqualified persons as secretaries in the labor market arising from their poor performances in shorthand and typewriting examinations to qualified them as secretaries.
In an effort to carry out this research however, a population of 590 students offering shorthand and typewriting in both IMT and OSISATECH polytechnics Enugu were used for the study. To reach at the opinion of the respondents therefore, random sampling as well as questionnaires and oral interview techniques were used.
The questionnaire designed to elicit information to answer the five questions put forward in the study dealt with students entry qualifications, learning materials, teacher’s qualifications, English language and interest with the items put in the for of yes or no.
Data collected and presented were analyzed using percentages. With the limitations of the study, findings and conclusions were made that the survey of problems associated with the teaching and learning of shorthand and typewriting in both IMT and OSISATECH polytechnics Enugu is most probably a universal problem
To this end therefore, recommendations were made that the federal Government of Nigeria should among other things provide adequate teaching facilities, to the nation’s higher Institutions that offer the core course. On the other hand, IMT and OSISATECH polytechnics Enugu should restructure their admission policy to be in line with that practice in other higher institutions where shorthand and typewriting are offered.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page
Approval Page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table Of Content
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background Of The Study
1.2 Statement Of The Problem
1.3 Purpose Of The Study
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Delimitation Of The Study
1.6 Significance Of The Study
1.7 Assumption Of The Study
1.8 Definition Of Salient Terms
Chapter Two
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Absence Of Guiding Principles
2.2 Task Analysis
2.3 Inadequacy Of Learning Materials
Chapter Three
3.0 Research Design And Methodology
3.1 Design Of The Study
3.2 Population Of The Study
3.3 Sample And Sampling Techniques
3.4 Instrument Of Data Collection
3.5 Area Of Study
3.6 Method Of Administering And Collecting Data
3.7 Method Of Validating The Research Instrument
Chapter Four
4.0 Data Analysis And Presentation
4.1 Presentation / Analysis Of Tables
4.2 Summary Of Findings
Chapter Five
5.0 Summary Of Findings, Conclusion And Recommendation
5.1 Findings
5.2 Conclusions
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Limitation
5.5 Area For Further Studies
References
Appendix Sample Of Research Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
We know that most of the knowledge and skills we posses were not inherited. They haven been learned in some ways through our lives. Thus, learning amounts to a process through which our behavioral processes are modified over time. For instance, many of the things we do such as using our right hands to write or eat are learned, yet they seem “natural” (Ogan, 1987). Undoubtedly, each instance of learning involves some form of modifications. Generally speaking, some learned changes may appear to be inappropriate or restrictive as in the case of the acquisition of some of repetitive forms of behaviors and handwriting. (Howe, 1977). According to Howe, individuals differs enormously in their ability to learn.
In fact, differences between individuals in the skills and capacities they possess are often so striking and apparently fundamental in nature that it is easy to forget that most elements of such capacities actually have to be acquired through learning, there being no real short cuts. Although systematic differences between people in a range of learned abilities are easy to demonstrate, the investigation of individuals differences in learning is beset with serious difficulties.
A major problem is that only rarely is it possible to equate differences in the observed in the observed capacities with any simple learning process. A variety of additional factors contribute to measured performances in most learning situations. For instance, motivational influences intentional variables, listening and reading ability, perseverance, fatigue and perhaps most importantly, previous learning may each contribute to determining level of performance on tasks ostensibly designed to assess ability to learn. In very general terms learning could be considered as any change in behavior, that occurs as a result of past experience
There are divers problems related to learning specific operating skills. Shorthand and typewriting in particular have their peculiar problems, which may be divers in nature. Besides a lot of theories are associated with learning in all subject hence, every course is structured or has several concepts that make it different from other courses (Brunner 1960, Scandura 1977). There also the truth that in learning problems arises from many angles and from a number of interacting conditions, be it general or in specific courses.
According to (Pigott, 1984) equipment is a large area of concern. He emphasized that sufficient equipment required to assess the level of both practical and theoretical skill of shorthand and typewriting students are in short supply. He concluded by saying that this inadequacy in equipment couples with they different situations which arose when students failed to remember what they had just done, students tensions apprehensions, fears, different interest level, potentials contribute to improper skill in the courses under review.
In a related opinion, (Amaefule, 1986) skill on insufficient reported that shorthand and typewriting skills can be properly acquired only when there is adequate number of equipment and facilities for the trainer secretary.
Also, (Orupabe 1987) pointed out that the general view held by shorthand teachers is that the type of English that would most aid the students is not consistently taught them. Teachers insist that less than adequate emphasis is laid on areas that are of real relevance to the students secretary. In addition, that more time should be devoted to repetitive work on these areas that there should be attempt to make the students over learn the rules wit suitable examples until they can write them correctly unconsciously. In order to achieve this, there is need for both shorthand and English language teachers to confer regularly so that problems encountered in one department can be examined in another. Continuing, he explained that some systems or shorthand are more angular than others, Pitman and Sloan, whilst others, Gregg consists more loops and arcs. The only effective means to these systematic problems he said lies in a very rich background in English.
In a pulls in his own study in (1973) identified that the ability to think logically and put down correct outlines on paper represents about 85 percent of the ability to transcribe.
It is based on the afore mentioned factors that inhibit the teaching and learning of shorthand and typewriting in higher institutions that the following suggestion is made. Proprietors of the various institutions of learning who undertake the teaching of these core courses should undertake regular tour of these institutions.
This will help to appraise the deficiencies in equipment most importantly and other factors so as to be in a better position to appreciate the need for relevant equipment and supplies in sufficient quantity.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
In most polytechnics in Nigeria, shorthand and typewriting pose a lot of problems to students. The reasons for this has not been known in sectional and terminal examinations, those students do not do well in those courses.
Many of the students have opted to abandon secretarial and other associated courses just because of problem they entertain in typewriting and shorthand.
Presently, is has not been known whether most higher institutions have a set standard entry qualification for admitting students to the study of shorthand and typewriting? To be able to cope with the numerous rules and principles guiding these subjects, students must not only be knowledgeable about the process, but also must possess some pre-requisite knowledge and skill.
Closely related question is if English language is one of the factors affecting learning of these core courses? In the word of Orupabo (1987) the only effective attitude to the systematic problems associated with shorthand is a very rich background in English language.
What else would one say about the facilities? Amaefule (1986) reporting on lack of learning materials said, typewriting and shorthand can only be properly acquired by the trainee secretary when the right quality equipment and supplies for achieving these skills are available in sufficient quantities.
Therefore, higher institutions offering shorthand and typewriting but lack learning materials such as typewriters, tables and chairs do not properly train the students.
The concern about what competencies teachers should possess yet pose another problem. According to Olson (1953) competencies clearly demonstrates that teachers do control the performances of their students. It can be seen that unplanned actions of teachers influences occurrences within and outside the classroom.
Above all, it has also not been known if students have interest in those course. In view of these short coming in the teaching and learning of shorthand and typewriting, this study investigated the problems associated with the teaching and learning of shorthand and typewriting at both the IMT and OSISATECH polytechnics Enugu.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of the study is to find out the problems associated with the teaching and learning of the typewriting and shorthand at both the IMT and OSISATECH polytechnic Enugu
Specifically, the study attempted to determine the following
1. Find out if teachers of typewriting and shorthand are qualified to teach those courses
2. Find out if students are interested in learning typewriting and shorthand
3. If there are enough in structural facilities in teaching those course.
4. Determine if there are enough credits hours for the courses
5. Make recommendations on how to improve teaching and learning of typewriting and shorthand in those polytechnics.
1.4 RESESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following research questions were formulated to guide the studies.
1. To what extent are the teachers of typewriting and shorthand in polytechnics qualified to teach those courses.
2. How fare are the students interested in learning those courses.
3. What in structural facilities are available in the polytechnics for teaching typewriting and shorthand
4. How far are there enough teaching period for those course
5. What recommendations are necessary to improve the teaching of typewriting and shorthand in polytechnics
1.5 DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This study concentrated only on finding out the problems associated with the teaching and learning of shorthand and typewriting in both IMT and OSISATECH polytechnics Enugu
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The engagement of unqualified persons as secretaries result in secretaries mainly doing typewriting jobs rather than taking shorthand notes and producing correspondence from such notes. From the researcher’s experience under the students industrial working scheme (SIWES) quite a good number of typist are working as typist owing to their poor performance in their shorthand examinations to qualify them as secretaries. While some complained of their bitter experience in shorthand and typewriting examinations after unsuccessful trials, others complained of the difficulty of the subjects. But the most embarrassing situation is the exodus of persons from shorthand after some attempts.
To this end, the researcher hope that through this research, a sense of awareness will be made manifested to students studying shorthand and typewriting or those intending to study shorthand and typewriting. This research work is equally intended to serve as a guide to the study of shorthand and typewriting to both teachers and students in Nigeria.
1.7 ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY
The following assumption were made to guide the study
1. If the teachers of shorthand and typewriting in IMT and OSISATECH Enugu are qualified and competent enough to teach shorthand, student will do well in shorthand and typewriting
2. If the students are interested in the course they are likely to do well in the course
3. If instructional equipment are adequate, teaching and learning of shorthand and typewriting are easily facilitated
4. If the administration of those institutions motivate the teachers of typewriting and shorthand, adequate they will increase their productivity
1.8 DEFINITION OF SALIENT TERMS.
SHORTHAND: Rapid method of writing by which normal writing is substituted by characters, abbreviations, or symbols for letters, words, or phrases.
TYPEWRITING: Are of using a machine to write
LEARNING: A process through which ones behavioral process are modified over time
PRINCIPLES: A selected rule of action.
CONCEPT: The general notion, process whereby objects are classified as a result of properties which they share in common
ABILITY: That which the organism is able to do, potential force in an organism to perform
TASK: The tracing of things to their sources and so discovering the general principles underlying individuals phenomena
HABIT: A behavioral pattern acquired by frequent repetition or developed as a physiological function and shows itself in regularity
MOTIVATION: That which must be present for efficient and effective learning to take place
TECHBNIQUE: Whereby the learner says each letter in every word aloud or silently as he strikes it.
PEPERTOIRE: A stock of pieces that a person is prepared to perform
CONSTANT PRACTICE: A little study everyday and not working all the hours of the day.
ADMONITION: Give a mild warning a gentle reproof.
TINGE: Slight
I.E.P.: Individualized Educational programme.
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(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
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OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408
]]>BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
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IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT ON JOB PERFORMANCE OF OFFICE MANAGERS
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE:
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Purpose of the Study
1.4 research Questions
1.5 Significance of the Study
1.6 Scope of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Review of Related Literature
2.1 Has there been improvement in office manager’s status and increase in job satisfaction.
2.2 The major office managers functions as it relates to changes in technology
2.3 The prospects of office manager’s profession under this new dispensation
2.4 The work of the office manager before and after the advent of technological advancement.
2.5. The problem that today’s office manager’s face in view of the technological innovation
2.6 Summary of literature reviewed
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Methodology
3.1 Design of the study
3.2 Area of the study
3.3 Population of the study
3.4 sample and sampling techniques
3.5 Instrument for Data Collection
3.6 Data Collection
3.7 Method of Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 presentation and Analysis of Data
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Restatement, summary of finding, Conclusion and recommendation restatement of the problem
5.1 Summary of the findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Limitations of the study
5.5 Suggestions for further study
references
Appendix
Questionnaire.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
For years, there has been speculation about the functions of office managers in the changing office of today, and its effect of technological advancement in the office. At the moment, there has been relatively little data to support or contradict the opinion of the experts.
Today’s office, however, is changing at fast speed. Advancement in technology has provided for the professional office managers new career paths and countless opportunity for decision making in daily activities of the Nigeria enterprise.
According to Curohoak and Parzyeh, (1977), the scope of questions that have be raise about the office managers’ profession and technological advancement is bound.
Dew (1982) asserted that since 1990, office practices and procedures have gone through several phases due to the growth in size of business and the resulting increase in volume of office work. The increase cost of services and materials and the rapid technological and scientific program of the modern age have resulted to changes in the office manager’s function. In fact, periods of acceleration in the rate of technological change and resulting improvement in the productivity of the labour force have generally coincided with a re-examination of the effect on technological advancement upon the job performance of the office managers.
Curchoack et al (1977) defined technological advancement as the entire field of investigation design, development, application and method of rendering or processing information through self acting or self-moving machines and that the office technological advancement refers to those self-regulating process through which work is done with a minimum of human effort.
According to Dew (1982) early in the 1990s, most of the work was done or performed manually. A fine handwriting was an important qualification for an office position, but manual office work was exceeding slow.
The invention of the typewriter and its use in the office was almost revolutionary in its effect upon the office and particularly, the work of the office managers would be done quickly, more attractively and more economically. Dew further defined a typewriter as a machine for writing characters like those made by printer’s type when more than a few copies are needed. She said that this machine consist of a keyboard that controls impression made in any sequence from tape arranged on separate reds or on the periphery of a disc, or other. In the machines of early days, the term “typewriter was also applied to the operator, later the operator become known as typist.
After the invention of a typographer in 1929, several typewriter models followed, but despite some improvement such as introduction of cylinder, most are large and cumbersome, they were all slower than handwriting in operation.
Finally, in 1867, the American inventor Shales constructed what become the first practical typewriters its second modern was made in 1865 and was faster than pen.
The need to meet the demand of increased business activities, led to the development of typewriters that could quickly and automatically produce individually typed copies of business letters that looked manually typed original.
Fulton et al (1978) descended the word processing system as a kind of system which involves a word processing unit consisting of a typewriter with a standard keyboard attracted to a magnetic tape or disc and a playback unit records the material. When a mistake is made the operator backspace and strikes over the incorrect words, this process erases the error.
Another advancement was in the field of the computer, the advent of computers is bringing about changes in the office managers job. Computer will automatically perform a series of logical operation on the output in accordance, a form required by the office uses.
In their book, “office managers procedure and administration” Hanna et al, contented that the development of office machines arose from the need to improve office methods and speed of office operations. It was the advent of computers that brought about changes in the office managers job performance. In a nutshell, technology has improved generally office manager’s education, thus enabling managers to become better prepared for technological office tasks.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
There is the notion that with the incessant technological changes in our business environment, the functions of office managers are prone to change in tools. Technological advancement could have an adverse or positive effect on the office managers. This research work will therefore examine the performance of the office manager, look into the level of productivity of office managers before and after advancement in technology.
This study will ascertain the improvement in the office manager’s job performance by the use of technological advancement.
The study will be to investigate the advancement in technologies, how certain factors (i.e. Teleconference, Telecommunication, Microfilming, etc.) had influenced the office manager’s job performance.
The study will investigate the impediments resulting from the state of the art and the automated office.
The study will attempt to investigate the problem that today’s office manager’s face in view of the technological innovation.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The major objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of technological advancement on the job performance of office managers.
Specifically, the study attempted to:
i. Ascertain whether or not there has been improvement in the office manager’s performance and increase in job satisfaction.
ii. Determine the major office manager’s functions as it relates to changes in technology.
iii. Identify the prospects of an office manager’s profession under this new dispensation.
iv. Evaluate the work of the office managers before and after the advent of technological advancement.
v. Critically examine the problem that today’s office manager’s face in view of the technological innovation.
1.4 Research Question
As a result, the following questions would be addressed:
i. How has automation affected the functions of office managers?
ii. How has technological advancement affected the office manager’s performance?
iii. How has technological advancement enhanced the job satisfaction of the office managers?
1.5 Significant of the Study
This research work was significant to the extent that it provide data on the effect of Technological Advancement on the Job Performance of Office Managers duties to the practitioners of this profession, office managers and also those who are thinking about taking up career as office managers.
The study will help to drive out the inferiority complex on office managers. This is so because, once automation, like management information system, communication skills required of office managers, word processor, computers skills, effective record management skill etc. this study also makes the office managers to know that he or her function is not that of typing only, but also an executive assistance supervisor to make decision within his/her scope of assigned authority through the aid of technological advancement.
Management and users on these technologies would realize the areas in which the modern trend on technologies should be able to make use of automated machine, office equipment and mail room equipment.
1.6 Scope of the Study
This study is specially designed to enquire on the effect of technological advancement on the office manager’s job performance. The research will base arguments on the findings in the advancement of office managers’ performance. The research will base arguments on the findings in the advancement in technologies in the establishment. In any case, one could think of the environmental factors and financial constraints. Another problem hindering this work is time factor which may not allow the researcher to reach the places of engagement.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to any of the numbers below
08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408 (1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408
]]>BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COST N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR
YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408
WHATSAPP US ON: 08137701720
EFFECTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE OFFICE MANAGER
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Today’s office business, professional or Government is in a state of change. This change is reflected in the office structure and office positions from entry level to Executive Office Manager Level. Hence attention is now given to what the office does and the way in which office activities can be accomplished in an efficient and an effective way an office manager is responsible for the smooth operation of the day-to-day business of the company, a good office manager makes it possible for other people to function efficiently. Office managers work closely with the company partners, owner, or president to meet their company’s staffing, equipment, and organizational needs. Duties may include pricing products from vendors, interviewing job applicants, managing payroll, and reimbursing members of the firm for out-of-pocket business expenses, and so the need for information technology had to come into play as information technology has replaced the traditional equipment used by an office manager to perform his tasks.
Montgomerie (2004), defines information technology as the handling of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical Information by means of micro-electronic based equipment in computing and telecommunication. This clearly brings about the advantages of information delivery through technological means, since almost all aspects of office work can adequately be taken care of.
Aronu (2000) defines Information Technology as the combination of two technologies, computing and the main purpose of which is to transmit representation of information signals between remote locations.
Office Managers in banking sectors in Nigeria are scared of losing their jobs due to the advent of information technology. Never the less, Information technology when properly implemented in an organization will bring about productivity and easy flow of information, effective production delivery services to customers.
Unfortunately, it appears that the introduction of information technology seems to pose some problem to office managers.
Office Managers in banking sector in Nigeria, seems to be scared of losing their jobs because some of them are inexperienced in the use of modern gadgets such as facsimile Transfer (FAX), video conferencing. As a result of this it has created fear and instability in the office managers as it seems as if most of them are looking for alternative jobs.
The introduction of technology in the banking sectors in Nigeria would bring about improved performance, but it appears to be at a very high cost-that is the cost of maintenance of equipment and services.
The aim of the study is to find the effect of Information Technology on the performance of the office Manager. The specific objectives of the study are to:-
1. To establish the contributions of Information Technology towards efficient performance of the office manager.
2. To determine the causes of non adaptation of Information Technology in the banking sectors by office managers.
3. To determine the implications of poor Information Technology applications among office managers in the banking sector.
4. To identify ways necessary to address issues of Information Technology among office managers in the banking sector.
1.4 Research Question
1. What is the contribution of Information Technology to the performance of the managers in the banking sector?
2. What factors affect the non adaptation of Information Technology among office managers in the banking sector?
3. What is the implication of non- application of Information Technology in banking sector?
4. What strategies are necessary for addressing issues of Information Technology among office managers in the banking sector?
1.5 Significance of the Study
1. Organization: The study will help treat and improve some existing theories on Information as they apply to organizations as well as the office professionals in the areas of human resources management. It has also become a vital and integral part of every business plan .It will also help organization to improve the way they design and manage customer relationships.
2. Further Research: It is also hoped that the findings of this study will contribute to the existing knowledge and information in the area of research.
3. Office Practitioners: The significance of this research work is immeasurable both to the practitioners, office professionals, chief executives, personnel managers, the management of the organizations and the public at large. It is expected that the findings and recommendations of the study will guide the area of study to consider introducing information technology for their office professional efficiency and other human resources departments for effective administration of personnel matters.
4. Students: The study will be useful to student who may wish to write or make some research on a similar topic using this as a point of reference and to reorient them towards their profession, future research or practical endeavors
1.6 Scope of the Study
The study covers some aspects of information Technology on the performance of the office managers, which include the need for the contribution of IT, factors affecting the adaptation of Information Technology, implication of non adaptation and strategies necessary to address Information Technology issues in the selected banks.
1.7 Definition of the Terms
1.7.1 Information: Is a data that has been processed and can be used per decision-making.
1.7.2 Technology: The purposeful application of information in the design, production, and utilization of goods and services, and in the organization of human activities.
1.7.3 Profession: paid occupation, especially one that requires advanced education and training.
1.7.4 Equipment: tools or machinery used for specific purposes.
1.7.5 Information Technology: Is the useful desired form into which data is finally transformed, after undergoing series of processes and can be used for decision making. Technologies of computing and communication both merge together and used by people for information needs of an organization.
1.7.6 Personnel: The body of persons employed by or activities in an organization, business, or service.
1.7.7 Office: Can be a place where information are on paper converges and information is documented, preserved and used for current and future operations or business.
1.7.8 Administrator/Office Manager: Is a person or somebody who is tasked with the responsibility or directing and controlling the work and staff of a business or department within it.
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Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
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Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
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]]>BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
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AVAILABILITY OF OFFICE EQUIPMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON OFFICE WORKERS PRODUCTIVITY IN KADUNA POLYTECHNIC
ABSTRACT
There have been remarkable changes in office machines and the organization. Despite these challenges there are still challenges that are being faced which have an adverse effect on organization productivity. It is on this regards that this study is embarked upon. “Availability of office equipment and its effect on office workers’ productivity”, benefit of using the office equipment, its level of availability in the organization and the problem associated with the procurement and maintenance of office equipment in the organization was discussed. It was discovered that the office equipment is expensive and difficult to maintain. Five objectives of the study out of research question work drawn. A review of related literature was carried out, data work collected from 98 respondents from the organization through structured questionnaire. Using Arithmetic mean for data analysis and interpretation, it was discovered that office equipment enhance production and most organizations are come by converting their office to a modern automated office by enforcing the use of technological and digital office equipment which has enhanced productivity. The researcher recommends among other things to acquire skills and knowledge should be made available to enable employees to remain excessively productive to their employer.
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 3:1 population size
TABLE 4:1 Respondents view on the types of equipment available in the organization
TABLE 4:2 Respondents opinion on workers achievement of maximum productivity from the equipment
TABLE: 4:3 Respondents view on the procurement/maintenance of office equipment
TABLE: 4:4 Respondents opinion on how adequately the furniture/fitting use in the organization
TABLE: 4:5 Respondents opinion on the effect of office equipment on company productivity.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page – – – – – – – – – i
Declaration – – – – – – – – ii
Approval page – – – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – v
Abstract – – – – – – – – – vi
List of tables – – – – – – – – vii
CHAPTER ONE- Introduction
1.1 Background of the study- – – – – – – 1
1.2 Statement of the problem – – – – – – 6
1.3 Purpose of the study – – – – – – – 8
1.4 Research questions – – – – – – – 9
1.5 Significance of the study – – – – – – 9
1.6 Scope of the study – – – – – – – – 11
1.7 Limitation of the study – – – – – – – 11
1.8 Definition of terms – – – – – – – – 12
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review
2.1 Introduction- – – – – – – – – 14
2.2 Office Equipment of Concept – – – – – – 15
2.3 Classification of Office Equipment- – – – – 17
CHAPTER THREE: Research Methodology
3.1 Introduction- – – – – – – – – 47
3.2 Area of study- – – – – – – – – 48
3.3 Population for the study- – – – – – – 48
3.4 Sample size- – – – – – – – – 49
3.5 Method of Data Collection- – – – – – – 49
3.6 Instrument for Data Collection- – – – – – 49
3.7 Validation of Instrument- – – – – – – 50
3.8 Administration of Instrument – – – – – – 50
3.9 Data Analysis Technique- – – – – – – 51
CHAPTER FOUR: Data Analysis and interpretation
4.1 Introduction- – – – – – – – – 52
4.2 Data Presentation – – – – – – – – 53
4.3 Major finding- – – – – – – – – 61
4.4 Discussion of Findings – – – – – – – 60
CHAPTER FIVE: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations
5.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – – 64
5.2 Summary- – – – – – – – – 64
5.3 Conclusion – – – – – – – – – 65
5.4 Recommendations – – – – – – – 67
5.5 References – – – – – – – – – 69
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
An office equipment have gone beyond manual typewriter, ink, pot, local storage facilities etc. into more complicated and effective modern office equipment. Some organization has embraced and purchases some of this equipment while others has not. In light of the above, the researcher decided to investigate the availability of this equipment and its effect on workers productivity.
In the early, age office activities which include paperwork was done manually with the use of machine such as manual typewriter, large duplicating machine, collating machine etc. These later developed into new modern office equipment due to the disadvantage which includes noise, bulkiness, lack of speed, waste of energy, time and resources.
Today, office equipment is required in every field of specialization, this is because they facilitate clerical work and preparation of office documents. The use of fax machines, WAP phones, teleprinters, internet and e-mail facilities etc. is now the order of the day. These have now made the work of the office professional more efficient than what it used to be and given rise to what is now known as the modern office. Other equipment include punchers, staplers, electric fan, air conditioners, enhanced furniture and fitting to create a more comfortable and convenient work environment for office activities to be carried out smoothly.
Mills and Ford (2008), noted that office equipment enable workers to work with minimum fatigue. It does not only increase efficiency but boost production process which is the main objective of the organization. Office work is made easier as less effort is put into achieve a greater result. An employee may not have to go from one place to another but can easily sit at his table and carry out his regular office activities. However, today’s office cannot be discussed without relating to technology.
According to Alli and Akinbi (1998), technology is an alteration in the life of an equipment, character, knowledge and method of doing things. The impact of these equipment resulted into acquisition of needed office professionals to effectively operate these facilities in order to be relevant in their labour market.
Pickard (2006), also states that employees who feel good are likely to be more productive. It is easy to instinctively understand that a few standard equipment in the office will make it a nicer place to be for employees feel better as a result. However, when the finance manager wants to know why thousand of money is wasted every year on caring for a few office equipment, it is difficult to effectively demonstrate the bottom line return on such an investment.
Many organizations are being driven by the value systems of office equipment rather than its contribution to the organizations productivity. In recent times, employees learn to operate new office equipment mainly through attending courses, trainings, workshop and seminars during which manufacturers will introduce their products and demonstrate by giving illustrations about their equipment to various operators.
Pickard further stresses that the office is the center of social interaction and the design provide better meeting rooms, open spaces and telecommunication facilities demands serious attention. The stacking plans for the building are equally important, an efficient office layout will take careful operational advances to optimize the use of assets, facilities and function in use.
Boating (1992) state that today’s modern office equipment depend largely on the use of office equipments to maximize and increase organizational productivity. Office equipment help in making office work easier, efficient and time saving and ensures accuracy.
Watson (1999), emphasizes that technology changes has tremendously made an impact in various organizations especially with regards to the office. He points out that office automation product looks nothing like it did just 10 years ago. Outfitted with some of the most modern business systems and equipment, the office today is a contemporary and strict place for business. The sound of noisy and distracting equipment or unsightly machines is now a thing of the past. The quality of output cannot be compared to what it looks like years ago.
Roger (2008), points out that environment now resembles any peaceful environment that you can easily relax in and not feel overwhelmed with huge and bulky machines. Some of the hardware cannot be seen easily unless you look really hard.
However, office professionals need to be trained to be acquainted with the use, procurement and maintenance of existing office equipment as well as know its relevance and benefits to the organization as a whole. This is to enable organization face the challenges associated with it. This is because despite the fact that the technology has changed and transformed the office to a better one. There are still some problems and aspects that cannot be overlooked as a result of those technological changes. The use of some of this equipment has adverse effects on the operators and the organization in general; which can also have effect on its production level.
The equipment has more from the traditional age to the modern age and therefore, there is need for the modern equipment to be available to the users. It is in this regard that the study is embarked on which is titled “An Assessment of the availability of the equipment and its effect on organization productivity.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The impact of the office equipment is of paramount importance to any organization. However, there are some foreseeable problems along with the numerous advantages of its existence. Many organizations do not put this into consideration especially when it comes to organization productivity.
Office equipment increases the rate of intra and inter office communication, however, the cost of installation and keeping the equipment in a working state is exorbitant. He pointed out that the initial cost outlay and maintenance of the equipment will increase their expenses. As a result of this some organization do not purchase or make use of them without checking the cost effect.
Office professionals are not trained on the proper use of equipment or the various maintenance procedure that is required of equipment. He reveals that since not all products are manufacture or serviced by a single company, there should be a list of who to call incase of emergencies. As a result of this the slightest malfunction problem gets out of hand. There is no safety rule or training measures given to employee on how to go about using equipment without it affecting their health.
Many organization do not provide adequate necessary equipment for their employees even there is need for it, In some organizations these equipment, through they exist strict measures, rules and protocols need to be followed as declared by the management before employees can have full access to them.
There is also the general problem which is the fact that the benefit of using office equipment is not known to many organizations and as a result acquiring them is not their priority. The aspects of cost of purchasing it is core viewed as disadvantages and prefer to employ people to work instead of machine. This will not enable the employees to perform their duties efficiently and will slow down the production process.
In the light of the foregoing, the researcher will answer the following questions:
1.3 Purpose of the study
The major purpose of this study is to access the availability of office equipment and its effect on organizational productivity. Specifically, the study indents:
1.4 Research Questions
The following research questions will be addressed in the cause of this study.
1.5 Significance of the Study
1. Modern Business or Employers
This study will be very important to the management of modern Kaduna Polytechnic and other employee of labour. This is due to the fact that good office equipment increases output and enhances the achievement of the set up goals. On the other hand faulty equipment are capable of causing chaos and winding up of an office.
2. Potential Applicants
The research work will be relevant to applicants who intend to seek for employment in certain office. They would therefore be fully sensitized through this study on the knowledge and skills they should endeavour to acquired in the course of their training. It will also enlighten them on the problems that they may face in the office.
3. Practicing Employees
This study will be beneficial to those workers who are already working with the Kaduna Polytechnic. Their attention will be drawn to some problems, which may affect the health, productivities etc. this research will also help the workers to carry out their work effectively with the use of modern office equipment to enable them perform as it is expected.
4. Future Researcher
This project will serve as a guide and source of information for further research on this subject matter or other related topics.
1.6 Scope of the Study
In this survey study, the researcher intends to investigate and assess how the office equipment is available in Kaduna Polytechnic. The study will determine whether workers achieve maximum productions from the uses of these equipments. It will expatiate to some extent, the problem associated with the procurement and maintenance of office equipment.
The researcher will intends to verify the adequacy of office future and fitting as it affect workers productivity and to find out the impact of office equipment on organization productivity.
1.7 Limitations of the Study
It is expected that this study may experience the following limitations.
Firstly, this work will not be able to study all the manufacturing company in Nigeria as such this may in a way limit the scope of this study.
Secondly, it expected that the management and staff of the selected firm may not want to divulge certain data required for the study and this may in way reduce the quality of data for the study. However, the researcher will try his best to mitigate these limitations and others unforeseen ones. This will be done by structuring and designing the instrument for data collection to elicit non sensitive information from them.
1.8 Definition of terms.
Equipment: office equipment includes all items of machines and furniture that facilitates office operation.
Copiers Per Minute: that is copies that are done in with speed and can achieve great increase.
Traffic Cop: controlling all the information flowing between the keyboard, the computer itself, the printer and various other devices you may have connected.
Machine Technology: involves the physical aspect of equipment processes and work layout.
Knowledge Technology: are the actual methods, systems and procedures involved in carrying out the work or converting input to output.
System board: is the central processing unit that is CPU in the computer system, it processes all data.
RAM: Random Access Memory is the temporary storage device of the CPU. Data stored here can easily be erased where there is power failure.
ROM: Read Only Memory, is the permanent storage device of the CPU programme in the ROM cannot be tempered with.
TIH and Swivel: this is a device in the CPU that enables the notation of any given task.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to any of the numbers below
08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408 (1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408
]]>BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COST N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR
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THE EFFECT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF OFFICE MANAGERS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Today’s office business, professional or Government is in a state of change. This change is reflected in the office structure and office positions from entry level to Executive Office Manager Level. Hence attention is now given to what the office does and the way in which office activities can be accomplished in an efficient and an effective way an office manager is responsible for the smooth operation of the day-to-day business of the company, a good office manager makes it possible for other people to function efficiently. Office managers work closely with the company partners, owner, or president to meet their company’s staffing, equipment, and organizational needs. Duties may include pricing products from vendors, interviewing job applicants, managing payroll, and reimbursing members of the firm for out-of-pocket business expenses, and so the need for information technology had to come into play as information technology has replaced the traditional equipment used by an office manager to perform his tasks.
Montgomerie (2004), defines information technology as the handling of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical Information by means of micro-electronic based equipment in computing and telecommunication. This clearly brings about the advantages of information delivery through technological means, since almost all aspects of office work can adequately be taken care of.
Aronu (2000) defines Information Technology as the combination of two technologies, computing and the main purpose of which is to transmit representation of information signals between remote locations.
Office Managers in banking sectors in Nigeria are scared of losing their jobs due to the advent of information technology. Never the less, Information technology when properly implemented in an organization will bring about productivity and easy flow of information, effective production delivery services to customers.
Unfortunately, it appears that the introduction of information technology seems to pose some problem to office managers.
Office Managers in banking sector in Nigeria, seems to be scared of losing their jobs because some of them are inexperienced in the use of modern gadgets such as facsimile Transfer (FAX), video conferencing. As a result of this it has created fear and instability in the office managers as it seems as if most of them are looking for alternative jobs.
The introduction of technology in the banking sectors in Nigeria would bring about improved performance, but it appears to be at a very high cost-that is the cost of maintenance of equipment and services.
The aim of the study is to find the effect of Information Technology on the performance of the office Manager. The specific objectives of the study are to:-
1. To establish the contributions of Information Technology towards efficient performance of the office manager.
2. To determine the causes of non adaptation of Information Technology in the banking sectors by office managers.
3. To determine the implications of poor Information Technology applications among office managers in the banking sector.
4. To identify ways necessary to address issues of Information Technology among office managers in the banking sector.
1.4 Research Question
1. What is the contribution of Information Technology to the performance of the managers in the banking sector?
2. What factors affect the non adaptation of Information Technology among office managers in the banking sector?
3. What is the implication of non- application of Information Technology in banking sector?
4. What strategies are necessary for addressing issues of Information Technology among office managers in the banking sector?
1.5 Significance of the Study
1. Organization: The study will help treat and improve some existing theories on Information as they apply to organizations as well as the office professionals in the areas of human resources management. It has also become a vital and integral part of every business plan .It will also help organization to improve the way they design and manage customer relationships.
2. Further Research: It is also hoped that the findings of this study will contribute to the existing knowledge and information in the area of research.
3. Office Practitioners: The significance of this research work is immeasurable both to the practitioners, office professionals, chief executives, personnel managers, the management of the organizations and the public at large. It is expected that the findings and recommendations of the study will guide the area of study to consider introducing information technology for their office professional efficiency and other human resources departments for effective administration of personnel matters.
4. Students: The study will be useful to student who may wish to write or make some research on a similar topic using this as a point of reference and to reorient them towards their profession, future research or practical endeavors
1.6 Scope of the Study
The study covers some aspects of information Technology on the performance of the office managers, which include the need for the contribution of IT, factors affecting the adaptation of Information Technology, implication of non adaptation and strategies necessary to address Information Technology issues in the selected banks.
1.7 Definition of the Terms
1.7.1 Information: Is a data that has been processed and can be used per decision-making.
1.7.2 Technology: The purposeful application of information in the design, production, and utilization of goods and services, and in the organization of human activities.
1.7.3 Profession: paid occupation, especially one that requires advanced education and training.
1.7.4 Equipment: tools or machinery used for specific purposes.
1.7.5 Information Technology: Is the useful desired form into which data is finally transformed, after undergoing series of processes and can be used for decision making. Technologies of computing and communication both merge together and used by people for information needs of an organization.
1.7.6 Personnel: The body of persons employed by or activities in an organization, business, or service.
1.7.7 Office: Can be a place where information are on paper converges and information is documented, preserved and used for current and future operations or business.
1.7.8 Administrator/Office Manager: Is a person or somebody who is tasked with the responsibility or directing and controlling the work and staff of a business or department within it.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to any of the numbers below
08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408 (1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408
]]>BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420
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A SURVEY OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP OPPORTUNITIES FOR OFFICE TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDENTS
ABSTRACT
This work is on a survey of entrepreneurship opportunities for office technology and management students. A hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed among office technology and management students from selected tertiary institutions. Interviews and surveys were also conducted.
Primary and secondary data will be used in the analysis. Tables and percentages will also be used as the instrument of analysis
It will be observed therefore that ict and secretarial skills have a strong and significant impact on entrepreneurship opportunities for office technology and management students
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
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BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420
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EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A PROFESSIONAL SECRETARY AND A COMPUTER OPERATOR IN AN ORGANIZATION
(A Survey Study of some selected Organizations in Kaduna Metropolis)
ABSTRACT
There is no doubt that private individual, corporate bodies and even organizations mistake computer operators for professional secretaries. It is in the light of this, that this research was carried out to clear the misconception. It was a study carried out on some selected organization within Kaduna State. Related books on the topics were referred to and 120 questionnaires were used for the study out of which responses from 100 respondents were received and used and that form the basis for analysis. The study revealed that professional secretaries undergo training and professional courses as regard to their duties and responsibilities also computer operators also play significant roles in the organization, they type and safeguard document in their possessions. This was achieved by evaluating the performance of a professional secretary and a computer operator. Conclusions were drawn that professional secretaries assume duties on behalf of their boss unlike computer operators. It was recommended that computer operators who wish to be called professional secretaries should take up courses in office profession and management studies department and other professional courses relating to that.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – 1
1.1 Background of the Study – – – – – – 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem – – – – – – 5
1.3 Objectives of the Study – – – – – – 6
1.4 Research Questions – – – – – – – 7
1.5 Significance of the Study – – – – – – 7
1.6 Scope of the Study – – – – – – – 8
1.7 Limitation of the Study – – – – – – 9
1.8 Definition of Terms – – – – – – – 9
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – 11
2.1 Concept of Professional Secretary – – – – 12
2.2 Concept of Computer Operator – – – – – 14
2.3 Duties of a Professional Secretary – – – – 15
2.4 Duties of a Computer Operator – – – – – 23
2.5 Importance of Professional Secretary – – – – 25
2.6 Importance of Computer Operator – – – – 30
2.7 Comparison and Contraction between a Professional Secretary and a Computer Operator – – – – – – 32
2.9 Summary – – – – – – – – – 34
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research Methodology – – – – – – 36
3.1 Research Design – – – – – – – 36
3.2 Area of Study – – – – – – – – 37
3.3 Population of Study – – – – – – – 37
3.4 Sample Size and Sampling Techniques – – – – 37
3.5 Method of Data Collection – – – – – – 38
3.6 Instrument for Data Collection – – – – – 39
3.7 Validation – – – – – – – – – 39
3.8 Administration of Data – – – – – – 39
3.9 Method of Data Analysis – – – – – – 40
3.10 Historical Background of the Area of Study – – – 40
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – 45
4.1 Presentation of Data Analysis – – – – – 45
4.2 Major Findings – – – – – – – – 52
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – 55
5.1 Summary of the Study – – – – – – 55
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – – – – 56
5.3 Recommendations – – – – – – – 57
5.4 Areas for Further Studies – – – – – – 59
References – – – – – – – – – 60
Appendix – – – – – – – – – 62
LIST OF TABLES
SECTION A
Personal Data – – – – – – – – – 62
SECTION B
Research Question I – – – – – – – – 63
SECTION C
Research Question II – – – – – – – – 64
SECTION D
Research Question III – – – – – – – – 65
SECTION E
Research Question IV – – – – – – – – 66
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
There is no doubt that in many organizations be it private or public sectors, secretaries and computer operators are mistakenly ignored or misunderstood to mean the same thing. However, earlier the role of a secretary was limited to notes from their heads, typing and storing information. Perhaps with the advent of technology in companies and offices, secretarial duties have extended to things that were meant for the professional and managerial staffs. The secretary that organizations are seeking in today’s time should not only have clerical skills and administrative skill alone but also cooperate governance, security laws, and capital market.
As it is today technology has affected every aspect of secretarial work from the organization of document, sorting and storing of document.
Aku (2004) informs that the basic secretarial functions of collecting, transferring, processing and transmission of information allows themselves to computerization. Consequently, the most works carried out by the professional secretary in the office are now being handled more speedily and in a better way with the use of computer.
Hill (2004), A secretary is someone who receives executive and company officials, clerical duties and keep personal records, read and sort, organize incoming mails, make and answer phone calls.
Assessing the performance of professional secretaries and computer operators requires proper check and change to ascertain he caliber of each.
Performance as define by Wynel (2010) as a systematic description of job relevant strength and weaknesses within and between employees. Which also means that performance evaluation is a review of the employee’s performance based on the agreed objectives. As performance determines output in an organization, the output of a secretary can be observed from the duty performed and how specialized one is in his or her functions.
The computer operators who obtains diploma or certificate course in computer training is mistaken for secretaries as there are minor similarities in their duties which are typing of documents, receiving and sending of mails, which are temporary duties performed by the computer operators.
According to Suleiman (2000), a computer operator is someone who requires the knowledge and practice of computer appreciation and operations, he is only knowledgeable in operation of the computer and how to manipulate it. Most people lack the typing skills as well as the techniques for standard production of documents.
Suleiman (2000) also define the duties of a computer operators as the duplication of duties by computer operator. He adds that because the computer operators can manipulate the computer does not mean that they are secretaries. This is difficult to identify professional secretaries and computer operators, because the computer operator tends to perform better than some professional secretaries in organizations Ball (2001) to them as long as you are under a typewriter, you are a typist; they ignore the facts that there are distinctive features of the two profession in terms of skill, qualifications, duties, responsibilities and remuneration. This wrong perception or impression has permitted the general public and a great percentage of the public sees the secretarial position as nothing but mere typist who are trained from business centers after undergoing some few months of training in typing from street business schools, and factors that hinders their promotion both as secretaries and computer operators.
This explains why many students are reluctant to take the course of secretarial studies as a profession in spite of the fact that secretarial position is crucial and important to organization just like any other position. It is against this background that the researchers sees this trend as an empirical problem worthy of investigation.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
The work of a professional secretary is quite different from that of a computer operator in an organization. This is so because the work of a professional secretary encompasses that of a computer operator. Secretaries responsibilities include various administrative and clerical duties needed to run a company efficiently and smoothly.
Some duties include serving as an office information manager, arranging and scheduling meetings or appointments and preserving paper and computer files, managing projects, handling travel arrangements and distributing information through the use of telephones, mails, e-mails while the work of a computer operator is just limited to operating the computer, but in spite of this differences, a lot of organization tends to place a computer operator in the same level with a professional secretary which undermine the profession. As such doubt is expressed about the importance of a professional secretary’s contribution to goal attainment of an organization sequel to wrong perception of organizational members, as such people treat the profession with contempt and disregard. Hence the subject matter of this research: Evaluation of the performance of a professionals secretary and computer operators in an organization becomes worthy of investigation.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The general objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of professional secretaries and computer operators in an organization.
However the specific objectives of the study are:
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
i) How does the modern office technology aid the planning and smooth running of the organization?
ii) What are the factors that hinder promotional opportunities of professional secretaries and computer operators in an organization?
iii) What are the various roles and duties played by professional secretaries and computer operators in an organization?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study, when completed would be of great importance to the secretaries in practice and secretaries in training as well as the management of various organizations in the following ways:
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study covers the empirical evaluation of the performance of professional secretaries and computer operator in an organization. It also examines the role of professional secretaries and computer operators in the smooth running and planning in an organization as well as the identification of the factors responsible for lack of promotional opportunities of professional secretaries and computer operators in an organization.
The study equally examines the duties of professional secretaries as compared to computer operators in an organization as well as the examination of the reasons why the services of professionals secretaries and computer operatos are required in an organization,
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Some of the major constraints the researchers encountered in putting up this research include lack of time, lack of willingness to give information by respondent and also limited resources.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Secretary: An individual employed to deal with correspondence and routine office work.
Computer Operator: An individual who enters data into computer, process it and produce result/information of the process.
Performance: This is the rate of carrying or completing a task.
Organization: A group of people who put up resources and services for a particular purpose.
Evaluation: This is a medium of assessing performance among individuals.
Professional: An individual who belong to a profession skillful and conscientious.
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EFFECTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE OFFICE MANAGER
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Today’s office business, professional or Government is in a state of change. This change is reflected in the office structure and office positions from entry level to Executive Office Manager Level. Hence attention is now given to what the office does and the way in which office activities can be accomplished in an efficient and an effective way an office manager is responsible for the smooth operation of the day-to-day business of the company, a good office manager makes it possible for other people to function efficiently. Office managers work closely with the company partners, owner, or president to meet their company’s staffing, equipment, and organizational needs. Duties may include pricing products from vendors, interviewing job applicants, managing payroll, and reimbursing members of the firm for out-of-pocket business expenses, and so the need for information technology had to come into play as information technology has replaced the traditional equipment used by an office manager to perform his tasks.
Montgomerie (2004), defines information technology as the handling of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical Information by means of micro-electronic based equipment in computing and telecommunication. This clearly brings about the advantages of information delivery through technological means, since almost all aspects of office work can adequately be taken care of.
Aronu (2000) defines Information Technology as the combination of two technologies, computing and the main purpose of which is to transmit representation of information signals between remote locations.
Office Managers in banking sectors in Nigeria are scared of losing their jobs due to the advent of information technology. Never the less, Information technology when properly implemented in an organization will bring about productivity and easy flow of information, effective production delivery services to customers.
Unfortunately, it appears that the introduction of information technology seems to pose some problem to office managers.
Office Managers in banking sector in Nigeria, seems to be scared of losing their jobs because some of them are inexperienced in the use of modern gadgets such as facsimile Transfer (FAX), video conferencing. As a result of this it has created fear and instability in the office managers as it seems as if most of them are looking for alternative jobs.
The introduction of technology in the banking sectors in Nigeria would bring about improved performance, but it appears to be at a very high cost-that is the cost of maintenance of equipment and services.
The aim of the study is to find the effect of Information Technology on the performance of the office Manager. The specific objectives of the study are to:-
1. To establish the contributions of Information Technology towards efficient performance of the office manager.
2. To determine the causes of non adaptation of Information Technology in the banking sectors by office managers.
3. To determine the implications of poor Information Technology applications among office managers in the banking sector.
4. To identify ways necessary to address issues of Information Technology among office managers in the banking sector.
1.4 Research Question
1. What is the contribution of Information Technology to the performance of the managers in the banking sector?
2. What factors affect the non adaptation of Information Technology among office managers in the banking sector?
3. What is the implication of non- application of Information Technology in banking sector?
4. What strategies are necessary for addressing issues of Information Technology among office managers in the banking sector?
1.5 Significance of the Study
1. Organization: The study will help treat and improve some existing theories on Information as they apply to organizations as well as the office professionals in the areas of human resources management. It has also become a vital and integral part of every business plan .It will also help organization to improve the way they design and manage customer relationships.
2. Further Research: It is also hoped that the findings of this study will contribute to the existing knowledge and information in the area of research.
3. Office Practitioners: The significance of this research work is immeasurable both to the practitioners, office professionals, chief executives, personnel managers, the management of the organizations and the public at large. It is expected that the findings and recommendations of the study will guide the area of study to consider introducing information technology for their office professional efficiency and other human resources departments for effective administration of personnel matters.
4. Students: The study will be useful to student who may wish to write or make some research on a similar topic using this as a point of reference and to reorient them towards their profession, future research or practical endeavors
1.6 Scope of the Study
The study covers some aspects of information Technology on the performance of the office managers, which include the need for the contribution of IT, factors affecting the adaptation of Information Technology, implication of non adaptation and strategies necessary to address Information Technology issues in the selected banks.
1.7 Definition of the Terms
1.7.1 Information: Is a data that has been processed and can be used per decision-making.
1.7.2 Technology: The purposeful application of information in the design, production, and utilization of goods and services, and in the organization of human activities.
1.7.3 Profession: paid occupation, especially one that requires advanced education and training.
1.7.4 Equipment: tools or machinery used for specific purposes.
1.7.5 Information Technology: Is the useful desired form into which data is finally transformed, after undergoing series of processes and can be used for decision making. Technologies of computing and communication both merge together and used by people for information needs of an organization.
1.7.6 Personnel: The body of persons employed by or activities in an organization, business, or service.
1.7.7 Office: Can be a place where information are on paper converges and information is documented, preserved and used for current and future operations or business.
1.7.8 Administrator/Office Manager: Is a person or somebody who is tasked with the responsibility or directing and controlling the work and staff of a business or department within it.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420
WHATSAPP US ON 08137701720
THE IMPACT OF OFFICE ENVIRONMENT ON OFFICE PROFESSIONALS PRODUCTINITY
(A Survey of Selected Organization in Kaduna Metropolis)
Abstract
This study examined the impact of office environment of office productivity professional. A total of two hundred (200) respondents, comprising of ninety eighty (98) office professionals and one hundred and two (102) executives Ire used. Moreover, literature relevant to the topic by renowned authors and researchers provides the secondary source of data, while the interview was used to obtain background information of the organization. From the data collected and analyzed, it was discovered that a good conducive atmosphere makes the office professionals serves as an image maker of the organization. It was also discovered that office environment has an impact on the productivity of the office professional the study revealed that the output of the office professional in a conducive environment is very satisfactory. Recommendation made, included management should set up the office environment in such a way that it would alloId proper ventilation and lightening. And that management should provide proper office layout and a conducive working atmosphere with consideration for cleanliness, sanitary convenience s, health and safety for its worker and also human factor should be taken into consideration as to provide workers with comfort towards the attainment of organizational goals.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page – – – – – – – – – i
Approval page – – – – – – – – ii
Declaration – – – – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – v
Abstract – – – – – – – – – vii
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction – – – – – — – – 1
Background of the study – – – – – – 1
Statement of the Problem – – – – – – 5
Purpose of the study – – – – – – – 6
Significance of the study – – – – – – 7
Scope of the study – – – – – – 8
Limitation of the study – – – – – – – 8
Definition of terms – – – – – – – 9
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review – – – – – – – – 11
Introduction – – – – – – – – – 11
Conceptual Framework – – – – – – – 11
Modern Office Machine – – – – – – – 13
The Physical Environment factors – – – – – – 15
Adequate Remuneration of Office Professional – – – 25
Human Relation Skills – – – – – – – – 28
Summary of Review – – – – – – – – 32
CHAPTER THREE:
Research Methodology – – – – – – – 33
Introduction – – – – – – – – – 33
Research Design – – – – – – – – 34
Area of the study – – – – – – – – – 34
Population of the study – – – – – – – 34
Sample size – – – – – – – – – 35
Method of Data Collection – – – – – 35
Instrument for Data Collection – – – – – 36
Validation of the instrument – – – – – – 36
Administration of Instrument – – – – – 36
Data analysis – – – – – – – – 37
CHAPTER FOUR:
Data Analysis and Interpretation – – – – – 38
Introduction – – – – – – – – 38
Answer Research questions – – – – – – 38
Interpretations – – – – – – – – 40
Summary of Major findings – – – – – – 47
Discussion of findings – – – – – – – – 49
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation – – – 52
Introduction – – – – – – – – 52
Summary – – – – – – – – – 52
Summary of Major findings – – – – – – 53
Conclusion – – – – – – – – – 53
Recommendation – – – – – – – – 54
Suggestion for further studies – – – – – 55
References
Appendix A: Letter of Introduction
Appendix B: Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Contemporary dictionary defines environment as all the surrounding condition, which influence growth and development. Environment can also be defined as the external and internal surrounding of an office as it affects a secretary. According to Rwuaan (2010), an office is a building where clerical work is done, where information is received, conveyed, recorded processed and safeguard. An office is generally a room or other area in which people work, but may also denote a position within an organization with specific duties attached to it (see office, office holder, official), the latter is an fact an earlier usage, office as place originally referring to the location of one’s duty.
An office is an architectural and design phenomenon and a social phenomenon, whether it is a small office such as a bench in the corner of a “mom and pop shop” of extremely small size (see small office home office) through entire floors of buildings up to and including massive building dedicated entirely to one company. In modern terms an office usually refers to the location where white-collar workers are employed.
Productivity has been generally defined as a ration of a measure of output to a measure of some or all of the resources used to produces these output. In this way, one or a number of input measures can be taken and compared with one or a number of output measure. When attempt is made to include all inputs and all output in a system, the measure is called a Total Productivity Measure (TPM) Palik (2006) explains in his what that the input used in a process can be hour of labour, unit of capital and qualities of raw materials compared with the consequent output.
History has it that the background of office professional dates back to the days when ancient office professionals who were then called secretaries worked under the primitive circle of office surroundings. Despite the fact that the importance of the early office professionals was realized when the need for keeping, retrieving and safeguarding confidential matters were needed. At that time, the duties and responsibilities of office professionals was of much importance in terms of job satisfaction the office profession. The duties and responsibilities of office professional involves providing services relating to processing, documenting and disseminating information, (Smith, 2008).
Today, the duties and responsibilities of office professional in organization are very important that no organization can survive without this class of workers. They are so important that the ill conceived idea of the federal Government to right size and down size these class of worker caused great set back in the discharge of office function which made it imperative for all affected office professional to be recalled back to their duties (BPSR, 2008).
The function of office professionals in organizations have formed part of the cardinal roles stated in available literatures. In consonance with the views expressed above. Omotosho (1990) states that no business activity succeeds without an efficient office professional. The office professional copes with all demands and stresses of the office in the way that he enjoys leadership control of crisis that might emanate from managing records, people communication, information and other resources that are instinctively involved in making an office.
In most office today, two types of office professionals are recognized and these are the personal or private and confidential. For the purpose of updating the duties and responsibilities of office professionals, MTU in Madelyn and Urwin (1980( defined office professionals as one in charge of typesetting, recording and keeping vital or confidential document of an organization that some executives may not be allowed access to; while the private office professional is one who employed to assist a member of staff at top level by undertaking some of his routine work and ensuring the smooth running of the office.
Ceik and forti (2009) state that the duties of office professional in organization includes organizing, coordinating and implementing delicious for the day to day running of the organization. Azuonge (2007) says executives in most organization are ignorant of the vital roles performed by office professional for the growth of an organization as such these class of worker are seen with little or no respect as clerks and mail runners by this officers. To achieve any set objective by an organization in a work place, it require the complete efforts of a team work. The office professional being part of this team plays an important and essential function in bringing about the desired success in every organization, irrespective of services it renders to the general public. Jeffrey and Kevin, (2001) state that in this age of globalization, characterized by computer and other office technology, as well as sophisticated nature of office dealings, the duties and function of office professionals in achieving organizational goals cannot be over emphasized.
Njoku (2003) opines that the duties of office professionals vary and are often unspecified. However, the duties and function of office professionals and the expectations of an employer. These duties include taking down notes from the speech of the boss and producing a mail able copy out of it, performing reception duties involving public relations, clerical duties involving replying to correspondence, filling operations, records management, other unspecified function such as booking flights and accommodation, running specialized errands etc.
He adds that the functions of the office professionals are ever expanding rapidly. However, the proper performance of duties by office professional is a reliable avenue for the image making profiles such office professional work with. It is with this in mind that the research work is being carried out to identify the duties and responsibilities of office professionals in Kaduna polytechnic.
Statement of the Problem
The office environment is a determining factor to office professionals performance and productivity but this has not been achieved in modern day office as a result of the following problems such as inadequate of modern office equipments, poor human relations, physical environmental factors and poor remuneration of office professionals, all these factors contribute to low performance of office professionals. It is not uncommon to find some organizations still subjecting office professional to the use of manual typewriters. When office professional are not provided with efficient and effective working tools, productivity is definitely bound to be low.
It is equally agreed that some office professionals find it difficult to get along with their work as a result of un-conducive environment in the office. this brings about other tendencies among with include the inability to control staff under her or not giving proper attention to visitors in the office .Overcrowding and of clean office or environment especially in the office professional’s office seriously have impacts in the productivity of the office professional
Purpose of the Study
The major purpose of this study was to examine the impact of office environment on the productivity of office professional. But in specific terms, the study was under taken to:
Research Questions
The following research questions and hypotheses were posed and formulated for the study:
Significance of the Study
The significance of this research can never be over emphasized. It is only conducted to identify, the importance of office environment on a office professions, the study will be of immense importance for the following:
Office Profession: Office professional as an individual who oversees the running of an organization, plan coordinate and oversees various organizational function which are performed by the other employee of the company.
Future References: To service as a source of information for future researchers who which to gather useful data pertaining to office profession.
Organizations: To educate the organizations so that they can provide conducive environment to secretaries work.
Scope of the Study
The study concentrated on the internal segments of the office profession in order to determine the level of influence it on the performance of the office profession. The scope of this study also cover executives and office profession.
Limitation of the Study
The researcher intended to provide as much material as possible with respect to the topic under study, but a lot of limitation prevented him from doing so. Time proved to be a major limitation in the conduct of this research topic. The problem was the combining of attendance of lecturers and sourcing for data to writ the project.
Financial constraints also posed a problem in the data collection during the course of survey research, as the research did not have enough money to make calls on the respondents for data/
Definition of Terms
Impact: Change produced by an action or cause, it may be negative or positive
Office: Literally speaking an office is any given place where information is received, sorted, recorded, rearranged, retrieved and kept for future reference.
Environment: This relates to the physical condition in the working place of the secretary.
Organization: Organization is the rational co-ordination of the activities of a number of people for achievement of some common explicit purpose or goal, through division of labour.
Secretary: A secretary is defined as a keeper of secrets or any persons employed by another person, society, enterprise, organization or co-operation for the purpose of conducting correspondence, keeping business records and transacting other business.
Executive: Person in business organization with administrative or managerial skills.
Colleagues: Persons with whom one work within the office or organization
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420