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AGRICULTURAL BANK CREDIT INTERVENTION AND THE APPLICATION OF BIG PUSH THEORY TO BENEFICIARIES: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA 

Abstract

Up till now there is shortage of empirical evidence on volume of loan received that generates big push for the farmers and the bank to curtail abuse of fund and its determinants. The purpose of this study is to examine the agricultural bank credit intervention and the application of big push theory among beneficiaries in Nigeria so as to make advocacy for a bailout intervention. A total of 295 beneficiaries were randomly selected. A questionnaire was developed, and data collection was undertaken by means of a multistage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, regression model and t-test analysis were used to analyze the data. The mean age of beneficiaries was 46 years old. The respondents had an average household size of 6 persons with 79.3% of the beneficiaries being literate with one form of formal education or the other. About 65.4% of the beneficiaries did not subscribe to membership of farmers groups. The beneficiaries had 13 years’ experience in arable crop farming. The average farm size was 1.57 ha. This tells us that the beneficiaries were small scale farmers.  The result reveals that the region of big push was between $244.34-$977.37 The variables that had positive and substantial relationship with big push in the model were age of respondent, years spent in farming, education, farm size, cooperative membership, household size, collateral requirement and marital status. The outcome of the t-test indicated that there was much impact after benefiting from agricultural bank credit loan scheme in the area. The foremost constraints were collateral requirement and high interest rate. Loan acquisition procedure by agricultural bank credit should be made easier as well as the threshold of farmers financial management ability should be considered during disbursement of loan to farmers for effective utilization.

Keywords: Loan, Arable crop farmers, Agricultural bank credit, Big push, Loan threshold

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THE ROLE OF MULTI-PURPOSE COOPERATIVES IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN ETHIOPIA, THE CASE OF LALO-ASSABI DISTRICT (WEST WOLLEGA ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE)

Abstract

The objective of this study is to show the overall development trends and the challenges encountering the multipurpose cooperatives (MPCs). To do so, research methodology employed was descriptive, which involved both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. The primary data were collected from the sample through cross-sectional survey from 210 respondents. Besides, 16 key informants and three focus group discussions (FGDs) were considered in the assessment. The instruments used were questionnaires, FGDs, in depth interviews, observation and document   review. Both probability and nonprobability sampling techniques were applied. Data analyses were done using descriptive statistics. The result of the study shows the      average rate of growth of members in sample MPCs is 19% as calculated from 20162018 and 79.3% from their formation period. The capital of the MPCs increased from 305,081 to 9.3 million and their profit was nearly 1.5 million ETB. Of the multifaceted services they provide, marketing agricultural inputs accounts for the great proportions. In general, the sample MPCs are contributing somewhat in the economic development. However, their performance is not as expected due to major problems identified: lack of professional managers, devoted management committees, limited capital base; weak horizontal and vertical linkages, low members’ participation, insufficient dividend, lack of    diversified activities; limited awareness, inadequate infrastructure, low stakeholders’ participation, lack of adequate credit and necessary technical supports are among the hitches to be tackled. Hence, to unleash and sustain their development potential, proposed interventions to be taken are: Building the capacity of the management committees and their staff, hiring professional staffs, providing credit services, promoting members participation, establishing strong linkage, providing infrastructural facilities, providing technical  support and etc. to mitigate the problems.  Keywords: Cooperatives, Economic Contribution, Local Development, Multi-purpose Cooperatives.

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THE ROLE OF DISCLOSURE AND TRANSPARENCY IN FINANCIAL REPORTING

Abstract

Voluntary disclosure and transparency can preserve the interests of shareholders, and the company’s performance improves. in this paper, the importance of transparency in financial reporting and expressed its limitations and quality of disclosure and transparency, we express and at the end of the importance and benefits of voluntary disclosure, as well as major issues and the impact of voluntary disclosure of information in the market. we will examine.

Keywords: Transparency; Voluntary Disclosure; Information Disclosure; Investors; Information Risk.

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THE EFFECT OF MEMBERS PARTICIPATION ON BUSINESS SELF-RELIANCE AND MEMBERS WELFARE STUDY ON COOPERATIVE CORPORATION IN EAST JAVA INDONESIA) 

Abstract:

The purpose ofthis study was to examine and explain the effect of members participation on business self-reliance and members welfare. The study was conducted in a cooperative corporation that operates in the region of East Java Indonesia. The respondents were 156 cooperative enterprise members. Data were analyzed using the GSCA approach (Generalized Structural Component Analysis). The results showed that the Members Participation significant effect on business self-reliance and members welfare and business self-reliance also have a significant effect on the welfare member. Other findings indicate that membership in the cooperative corporation as the owner and customers of the cooperative enterprise. Therefore, companies should pay attention to the needs of cooperative members.

Keywords:members participation, business self-reliance, members welfare, cooperative corporation.

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RELEVANCE OF COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES TO THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY– A LEGAL APPROACH

ABSTRACT

This Paper discusses the importance of Cooperative Societies to the Nigerian Economy, and it was necessary to start talking about it from the Historical Perspective, when Cooperative Societies started in Europe, especially in Britain and France in the nineteenth century. In Nigeria, the records have it that Cooperative Societies started locally with the concepts of Esusu, Isusu, Osusu, Adashi, Dashi, etc, much earlier than the nineteenth century. Today, Cooperatives have developed strongly and indeed come to stay as alternative to Banking, a way in which people of common interest come together to chart ways of helping themselves, without having to pay much to obtain benefits from the Cooperative Societies. It has inculcated financial discipline among many people in the Society who ordinarily had poor savings culture. People who are members of Cooperative Societies now resort less to banks for loans, and this is a good development in any Economy. The total number of Loan applications in Nigerian Banks today by private individuals and corporate entities is scary, and could have been much more if there were no Cooperative Societies or Cooperative Concept known to citizens. What makes Commercial Banks collapse and fall out of business is largely as a result of corruption, when loans are given out contrary to Central Bank of Nigeria’s Policies on Lending. Inadequate collaterals are sometimes collected in place of very huge sums of money, most of which Debtors default in paying back. There is no doubt that the Nigerian Economy would have been far worse off today if there were no Cooperative Societies. The Cooperative Societies are a welcome development, and the Government should continue to support their existence by giving loans to the Cooperatives, once they make any Formal Request with adequate collateral(s). This Paper in addition, discusses the various types of Cooperatives existing in most World Economies, Conditions for Registration of Cooperative Societies in Nigeria, Sources of Funds for Cooperative Societies, Problems that hinder their smooth operation, etc. In conclusion, suggestions were made on how Cooperative Societies in Nigeria can move forward.

Keywords: Cooperative Societies, Rochdale Pioneers, Rochdale Principles, Members, Nigerian Cooperative Societies Act, Credit, Thrift, E.F Strickland, Loans

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PERFORMANCE OF MULTI-PURPOSE COOPERATIVES IN THE SHISELWENI REGION OF SWAZILAND

ABSTRACT

A multi-purpose cooperative is a business that is a mixture of two or more different types of cooperatives. The study examined the performance of multi-purpose cooperatives in Swaziland. The objectives of the study were to; establish the performance of multi-purpose-cooperatives, identify factors influencing the performance of multi-purpose cooperatives, and identify constraints faced by multi-purpose cooperatives. A descriptive research design was used where quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to collect and analyse data. The target population was all registered and active multi-purpose cooperatives in the Shiselweni region. A sample (n=120) was drawn using a two-stage stratified random sampling procedure and it comprised of 80 cooperative members, 35 committee members and 5 cooperative officers who were purposely selected. Face to face personal interviews were used to collect the data. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20). The study found that the performance of multi-purpose cooperatives was influenced by gender and accountability. The study further found that cooperative officers educated and trained cooperative members once a year. Major constraints included poor capital base, most members being too old to perform cooperative activities, and poor record-keeping. The study concluded that cooperatives were not performing well financially, since there were making losses. It is recommended that cooperatives should ensure the financial statements were prepared on time and audited. There is need to encourage young farmers to join multi-purpose cooperative since most of the farmers were old. The frequency of training provided to members need to be improved. The study also recommends that other studies be carried out to cover the whole of Swaziland in order to generalise the findings.

Keywords: Accountability, Cooperatives, Education and training, Governance, Multi-purpose, Performance, Shiselweni region, Swaziland.

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MEMBERS’ PARTICIPATION, SUSTAINABILITY OF SAVINGS AND CREDITS CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES: A QUALITATIVE CASE STUDY

ABSTRACT

Savings and Credit Co-operative Societies (SACCOS) are directly serving more than two million people in Tanzania; most of whom are from the low-income population. However, its sustainability remains questionable. This paper explored the role of members’ participation in the sustainability of their SACCOS. The study used a qualitative case studies approach. This design was suitable for understanding the membership and sustainability as it helps to probe deeply by exposing participants to a real-life situation which otherwise is difficult. Data were collected from four (4) rural SACCOS based in Mpwapwa district in Dodoma (MDC, 2016), Tanzania using focus group discussion and interview methods and was analyzed using the content analysis. The findings of the study revealed that members’ participation and the way SACCOS was formed are crucial in the sustainability of SACCOS. The findings too show that participation is determined by the way SACCOS was formed and commitments of members in SACCOS’ activities which are; attending meetings, borrowing and saving money. Moreover, the results show that the conditions that limit the ability of a member to practice democratic rights are the major reasons for poor participation and sustainability in SACCOS. For instance, the wider coverage area for SACCOS’ operations and cooperative education were identified were important factor which influences members’ participation in SACCOS activities. Thus, to improve sustainability in SACCOS the focus should be on strengthening member’s participation through promoting close membership which will enhance the democratic process in SACCOS.  

Keywords: Member’s participation, Sustainability, SACCOS, Qualitative Study

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ISSUES, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES (SMES) IN PORT-HARCOURT CITY, NIGERIA

Abstract

The paper discussed Issues, Challenges and Prospects of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Port-HarcourtCity, Nigeria. This was informed by the high rate of unemployment in the society and the poor performance of SMEs in employment generation. While the  research questions  addressed the extent to which poor financing, inadequate social infrastructures, lack of managerial skills and multiple taxation  constitute major challenges in the performance of SMEs between October 2012 and November 2013, it assumes that government intervention through the provision of financial assistance, social infrastructures and favorable taxation policies will reverse the trend. The paper adopted a descriptive research design using 120 randomly selected registered operators of SMEs in Port-Harcourt City. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics while formulated hypotheses were tested using z-test. Results from the data analysis indicated that poor financing, inadequate social infrastructures, lack of managerial skills and multiple taxation were major challenges confronting SMEs in Port-Harcourt City, thus recommended:provision of soft loans to SMEs operators, government guaranteeing of long-term loans to SMEs operators, establishment of SMEs funding agency, public/private sector partnership in infrastructural provision, capacity building for SMEs operators and provision of tax incentives for SMEs operators.

Keywords: Small and Medium Scale Enterprises, SME operators, Port-Harcourt City, Nigeria.

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IMPACT OF COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY

ABSTRACT

The aim of this paper is to examine the social and economic impact of cooperative societies in Nigeria and to investigate into their origin, history, formation and development. Also to be examined is their impact in our rural communities, especially in the grass root, urban and national development. It has been argued that commercial financial institutions such as banks and insurance companies could play greater roles in the advancement of rural development than the cooperative societies. This is so because of the enormous contribution of these financial houses to the rapid, social and economic development of the people, and urbanization. The paper further reviews the various obstacles and challenges confronting the effective performance of cooperative societies in Nigeria, and proffer ways of forestalling these problems. The paper is of the view that as many as these societies may be in form, formation and groups, with their various tags, aims and objectives, government should aid and encourage these organizations to enable them stand and perform effectively since they are all contributive factors in the economic development and growth of Nigeria.

KEYWORDS: Cooperatives, Financial Institutions, Collaboration, Membership, Capitalism, Welfare,

Consumers, Producers.

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EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION AND EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN VIEW OF COMPENSATION

Abstract

This study determines the relationship between types of employee participation (delegative, consultative, worker director, and worker union) on employee retention and the moderation of employee compensation in this relationship. The authors analyzed four types of employee participation, employee retention, and compensation in two major sectors of Pakistan (n = 1,054): service (n = 535) and manufacturing (n = 519). Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to first-line and middle-level employees. After establishing the reliability and validity of the scale, descriptive statistics, correlation, univariate analysis, multiple regression analysis, and independent-sample t test were conducted. All types of employee participation influence employee retention positively in both sectors. Employee compensation moderated the relationship between types of employee participation and employee retention. Delegative participation had a stronger influence on retention as compared with other types in both sectors. This is the first quantitative study to examine the influence of compensation on the relationship between direct and indirect types of employee participation on employee retention in six industries (Cement, Pharmaceutical, Food and Beverages, Health Care, Banking, and Higher Education) of Pakistan. The authors extend previous research studies by using comparative analysis tools to generalize the results in South Asian organizations.

Keywords

delegative participation, consultative participation, indirect participation, retention, employee compensation