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THE ROLE OF VIGILANTE SECURITY GROUPS IN CRIME PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN YAGBA EAST, KOGI WEST, NIGERIA

Abstract

 Armed robbery, kidnapping, Banditry and other violent crimes had assumed a disturbing dimension over the years in most parts of Nigerian society particularly in Yagba East LGA.,of Kogi West. The Nigeria Security agencies like Police and others have also declared War against Crime several times but to no avail. This study examine the role of Vigilante Security Groups in crime prevention and control in Yagba East local government, the cross sectional survey design was adopted in the study. A total of 186 respondents, aged 18 years and above were selected for the study. Quantitative and Qualitative methods were used in data collection. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage were used to analyze data. Findings of the study indicate that the current level of crime reduced due to the intervention of Vigilante Security Group.  Results further shows that poverty, unemployment, inequality, hopelessness are the factors responsible for the high levels of crime rate. The study recommends among others that crime and criminal activities should be effectively tackled through the cooperation and collaboration of vigilante security service groups and the Nigeria Police. 

Keywords: Nigeria security agencies, Vigilante Security Groups, Crime Prevention, Crime Control,  

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THE RISE OF TECHNOLOGY IN CRIME PREVENTION: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND PRACTITIONERS’ PERSPECTIVES

ABSTRACT

Criminal activity is a prevalent issue in contemporary culture and society, with most nations facing unacceptable levels of crime. Technological innovation has been one of the main driving forces leading to the continuous improvement of crime control and crime prevention strategies (e.g. GPS tracking and tagging, video surveillance, etc.). Given this, it is a moral obligation for the research community to consider how the contemporary technological developments (i.e. Internet of Things (IoT), Machine Learning, Edge Computing) might help reduce crime worldwide. In line with this, this paper provides a discussion of how a sample of contemporary hardware and software-based technologies might help further reduce criminal actions. After a thorough analysis of a wide array of technologies and a number of workshops with organisations of interest, we believe that the adoption of novel technologies by vulnerable individuals, victim support organisations and law enforcement can help reduce the occurrence of criminal activity.

Keywords Crime prevention · Emerging technologies · Pervasive computing

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THE POLICE USE OF SOCIAL-MEDIA: TRANSFORMATION OR NORMALIZATION?

There has been optimism that social media will facilitate citizen participation and transform the communication strategies of public organisations. Drawing on a case study of the public police in England, this article considers whether social media are transforming or normalising communications. Arguing that social media have not yet served to facilitate interaction between constabularies and citizens in the ways that have been proposed and desired, the article considers factors that structure the transformative potential of social media. It is argued that the uses of social media are mediated by the existing organisational and occupational concerns of the police. This article reveals how an interplay of organisational, technological and individual and cultural dynamics come together to shape how social media are used in constabularies. Embedding social media into police communications is challenging and the technology itself will not bring about the organisational and cultural changes needed to transform police–citizen engagement.

Key words: Communication strategies, public policing, social media.

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THE PHENOMENON OF VIGILANTE GROUPS AND CRIME CONTROL IN BENUE STATE

ABSTRACT

The study examines the phenomenon of vigilante groups and crime control in Benue State. Conflict theory was the adopted theory for the study. The sample size of the study was 400 respondents. The population of the study was members of the vigilante, religious leaders, traditional rulers, and police officers. The study employed questionnaire, observation and interview as the instruments used for data collection. Data was presented using percentage distribution. The study finds that vigilante groups have positive impact on crime control in Benue state; the factors accounting for the proliferation of vigilante groups in Benue State include ineffectiveness of the police, increase in insecurity, need for affordable crime control system and accessible crime control mechanism, and the need for swift justice system. That the lower class of the society patronize vigilante groups more than any other classes of the society, the reasons people patronize vigilante groups, are: high cost of attaining formal justice system, delays in the formal justice system, desire for a cost effective justice, need for a swift justice system among others. The study recommends the following among others: provision of basic crime fighting equipment, adequate funding of vigilante groups, logistics should be made available for vigilante groups, respect for the fundamental human rights of suspects, proper and effective training of vigilante personnel, enactment of laws establishing vigilante groups. 

Key words: Vigilante Groups and Crime Control

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THE IMPACT OF VIGILANTISM AND CRIME CONTROL IN CONTEMPORARY NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF GEZAWA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KANO STATE, NIGERIA (2010-2015)

Abstract:

The inability of  the  Nigerian  Police  Force to  control  the  increasing  wave  of  crime  has  led  to proliferation of vigilante groups in contemporary Nigeria. This study was initiated to investigate the impact of vigilante groups on crime control and management in contemporary Nigeria, particularly in GEZAWA L.G.A of KANO STATE. One hundred and twenty (120) respondents were sampled from GEZAWA LOCAL GOVERNMENT Area of KANO STATE. Multi-stage, cluster and simple random sampling methods were used as the sampling techniques. Questionnaires were administered to respondents by six (2) research assistants whereas interviews were conducted with two (2) traditional rulers, chairman of Gezawa L.G.A  2 Commandants of vigilante  group and 5 vigilante group members. The result indicated that Nigeria Police is ineffective with regard to crime control and vigilante groups in its current form sprang up to make up for this ineffectiveness and fill the gap of insecurity at grassroots level  . It also showed that vigilante groups are gaining prominence as agents of crime control in contemporary Nigeria, particularly, Gezawa L.G.A of KANO STATE. The result equally revealed that vigilante group members are recruited and monitored through their communities and that they are effective in crime control. Also, the result indicated that the best way of solving the problem of crime in Nigeria is by increasing the activities of vigilante groups through training and support from local communities and Government.  However, lack of working tools, poor funding, and lack of patrol vehicles are the major problems confronting vigilante groups. More so, based on the major findings, it was recommended that vigilante group members should operate within the frame work of law, needed to have support from both local communities and other relevant stake holders.  Finally, security committees should be established at the local government level and these committees should meet periodically to discuss security matters in their areas and report back any issues of insecurity to the relevant security agencies for proper management and control of crime in the country.

Keywords: Vigilante group, Crime Control, Policing, Community Participation.

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THE IMPACT OF RELIGION ON CORRUPTION

Abstract

Religion can influence human behavior and actions. One of the social behaviors is corruption which is important due to its effect on growth, inflation, investment and innovation and is rejected by all religions. The effect of religion on corruption has been investigated in this study. It is not the first time this issue is being investigated, but we can see certain paradoxes about it in some studies. Some of them show that religion as a cultural index has a positive effect on corruption and some others show that this effect is negative. This study uses data of 174 countries in 2010 and all of the economic and non-economic control variables were considered in its cross-sectional estimations. Although in some previous studies, religion was a factor in increasing corruption, this study shows that Islam and Christianity have no significant effect on corruption. Also, the robustness test strongly confirmed the results of the study. So, all the results showed that religion does not increase corruption.

Keywords: Religion, Corruption, Muslims, Christians

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STUDY ON THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) BY SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS OF LUCKNOW, U.P.

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to evaluate abilities of secondary school teachers to use Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and its availability in school. Questionnaires are used for data collection. Total 100 questionnaires were distributed to secondary school teachers, in which all of them were completed and returned. Collected data was analyzed and presented in percentage and also in tabular form for better understanding. Result was deduced and conclusion was interpreted after the analysis of data. The study reports that use of computer and internet exist between the teachers of different age groups and various backgrounds. The overall finding of the study reports that teachers are quite aware of ICT tools but are moderately using ICT for professional purposes. The study also revealed some challenges facing ICT in secondary schools as: irregular power supply: inadequate computer literate teachers; high cost of purchasing computers in schools; inadequate facilities to support full application of the ICT and lack of fund.

Key words: Use, information and communication technology-ICT, secondary schools.

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SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING EFFECTIVE CRIME PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN NIGERIA

Abstract 

Every society across the globe has its peculiar problems and challenges. Nigeria is not an exception. As a developing country, she faces her own share of social, political, economic and cultural problems which has in no small measure affected the well-being of the populace. One of such problems bedevilling the country is the rising wave of crime. This study examined the increasing wave of crime in Nigeria and the factors incapacitating the police and other security agencies in the task of crime prevention and control. This study reveals that the security agencies are inadequately equipped and motivated, coupled with poverty, unemployment and the breakdown of family values among others have made crime prevention and control a difficult task. The paper proffered that the police should be better motivated and greater effort should be made to address poverty and unemployment.

Keywords  Society, Crime, Prevention, Control, Effectiveness, Security Agencies

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SECURITY AND CRIME PREVENTION IN UNDER-POLICED SOCIETIES: THE EXPERIMENT OF COMMUNITY VIGILANTISM IN ANAMBRA STATE OF NIGERIA, WEST AFRICA

Abstract

This study examines the solo experiment of individual communities in Anambra State of Nigeria in West Africa in their efforts to provide much desired security and order. These efforts are to be implemented through the communities own version of vigilantism due to either the lack of or non-existent organized police services. As part of the sampling, the author distributed a questionnaire to over 500 respondents and, in the end, analyzed 500 responses to attitudinal and demographic questions with the help of Cluster-random sampling techniques. Also,  multivariate logit analysis was applied by using respondents ‘participation in vigilante groups as independent variable, and attitudinal-predisposition statements (dealing with age, education, reduction in crime, fear of crime, reduction in chaos and distrust in police services) as the dependent variables resulted in significant interactions and effects. The study revealed that age, education, reduction in crime, fear of crime and distrust in the Nigeria police, Anambra State services have influenced the behavior of individuals to engage in vigilantism. The study further found out that vigilantism ensures fairness among the inhabitants of a given society, ensures justice and accountability for societal welfare gains. The study recommended that the Government of Nigeria, NonGovernmental Agencies and other stakeholders should intensify the media advertising on the establishment of Vigilante groups in order to improve upon the lives of the citizenry.

Keywords: Vigilantism, Crime rate, Multivariate-Logit, Chaos, Police service and Security

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PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF COMMUNITY POLICING AND CRIME CONTROL IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA 

Abstract 

The study examined public perception on community policing and crime control in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Security is a necessity in every human society and the implication is that, its absence threatens the survival of individuals and their properties. This is why governments worldwide invest huge resources to ensure that lives and properties of their citizens are secured. However, it is still argued that, no government has the wherewithal to supply one hundred percent security for her people, and no matter how endowed and organized a country is, it can hardly be devoid of security challenges. The study adopted purposive method in which three local government areas namely; Ado local government areas (Ekiti Central), Ikere local government areas (Ekiti South) and Ikole local government areas (Ekiti North) were selected. The study made use of quantitative methods of data collection and as a result, three hundred (300) copies of questionnaire, in which one hundred (100) copies were distributed to each local government areas were used to illicit information from the respondents. The study revealed that 62.7% have heard about community policing while 37.3% of respondents have not heard of community policing before. Also, majority with 36% of the total respondents believed that it is involving the community or local people in policing their community through the use of local vigilantes. On the effect of community policing, 30% of the majority believed that it helped in controlling crimes with the aid of information and supporting agencies. The study therefore concluded that controlling crimes in Nigeria is a daunting task for law enforcement agencies and as a result, community policing will be an effective mechanism in controlling crimes. The study thereby recommended that, to achieve the desired full impact, relevant stakeholders need to revisit the program, address the weaknesses, work against the threats and utilize as best as possible the available opportunities. also, Government needs to support and promote community oriented policing style as well as create more enlightenment to the public and inform the police of any criminality.

Keywords: Community, Control, Crime, Policing and Public Perception