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A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF BEREAUCRATIC ADMINISTRATION ON SECRETERIAL FUNCTIONS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The effect of bureaucratic administration on secretarial function:
Bureaucracy in Government Administration
A bureaucratic Administration can said to be a system of administration which provide routine and uninterrupted service especially in government circle such as ministries, parastatals or government establishment to ensure that government policies are carried out effectively and diligently.
Therefore it is a step by step way in which official duties are carried out from the executive down to the lowest staff.
The Nigeria Government got this idea from British who during their stay in Nigeria have been practicing bureaucracy in their governmental system, through “fixed authority and official jurisdiction” where the authority of all individual is based upon specific grant of power to an office.
Modern Practice of Bureaucracy in Government Establishments
The practice of bureaucracy in government establishments has changed. The early practice requires the office holder to possess some traditional virtue such as age, skill and knowledge which becomes the basis of his or her authority.
However, in today’s practice, bureaucracy has caused a negative effect in civil service as well as secretarial functions.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
Delay in File Movement
Files are used in filing written communications like – letters, memos, reports, circulars, agreements, newspapers etc. the aim of filing these documents is for reference purposes. However, these files pass through many personnel before getting to the secretary who needs them to carry out her duties thereby causing delay and poor achievement in the performance of secretarial functions.
Payment of salaries and benefits are very important to every civil servant but the long delay in forwarding the necessary information required for the preparation of the salaries has resulted to the late payment of these salaries and benefits. Therefore bureaucracy in the administration of office work affects the job of the secretary, in that what ought to get to the secretary quickly for quick passage to the end-use is delayed by the bureaucratic process.
None Confidential of Information
Some information are meant to be confidential and ought to get to who should us it unhampered. More so, a confidential secretary is handicapped in carrying out her functions due to bureaucratic processes; in as much as these information passes through many people before getting to whom such information is meant for; As a result the confidentially remains eroded.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objective of this study is to examine the effect of bureaucratic administration on secretarial functions, which among other things includes:
1. i. To identify leadership style by the executive (manager)
2. ii. To find out the factors responsible for secretary’s failure in the performance of her duties effectively
3. iii. To determine whether other people like co-staff manager and the public contributed in the failure of a good bureaucratic in our administrations.
4. iv. To proffer suggestions based on the findings of the study.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study will cover the following arrears: the various leadership styles adopted by the executive towards their subordinates and their effects on the secretary’s productivity.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This research study would highlight the various ways by which bureaucracy breaded red-tape in civil service administration.
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. i. What are the leadership styles adopted by executive / managers?
2. ii. What are the factors responsible for poor performance in secretarial functions?
3. iii. Is bureaucracy system good to our civil service administration?
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to any of the numbers below
08068231953, 08137701720, 08154275408 (1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
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We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
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Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
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Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953, 08137701720, 09070569307, 08154275408
]]>BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COST N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR
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OFFICE SKILL COMPETENCIES NEEDED BY SECRETARIES FOR EFFECTIVE JOB PERFORMANCE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Secretaries can be founding many areas of employment such as government establishment, industries, commerce, charity organizations and are services of all these, it is perhaps industry which has most to gain by employing the best secretaries and most at loss in employing poor ones.
In the recent time government establishments have seen many changes. One aspect of this change is the increased foreign competition brought about such things as improved freight facilities.
Another significant factor in public establishment has been the extensive use of computer systems which has to reduction in routine paper work. These two elements have combined together to heighten the rivalry between business organizations. Each wants to excel at the expense of its problems which have to be financed by fever and better staff within the organizations concerned. A careful selection process is possible for each vacancy advertised; there is a wealth of suitable applicant.
The secretary, like the chameleon has to adapt to her surroundings, she has to master new skills such as operating word processors and computers. Telex and electronic mall have becomes part of everyday life for her and the business letter does not occupy as much of her days as it used to be in the past. The secretary today is finding less of her time being spent behind the typewriter and more time being spent attending to other aspects of her work.
Historical Background Information of Osun State Polytechnic, Iree.
This history of Osun State Polytechnic, Iree dated back to 1981 when the campus was one of the four satellite campuses of the polytechnic, Ibadan Following the creation of Osun State in August 1991, it became necessary for the new state to have her own Polytechnic. Government therefore decided to establish Osun State Polytechnic, Iree in the state to cater for the educational needs of the citizens.
The bill establishing Osun State Polytechnic, Iree was assented to by the first Executive Governor of Osun State, Alhaji Isiaka Adetunji Adeleke on 12th October, 1992. by that act of Government, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree became a successor to the Iree satellite erstwhile campus of the Polytechnic, Ibadan. Similarly Osun State College of Technology Esa-Oke was established as a successor to the Esa-Oke satellite campus.
The state had a mission for the institutions. The mission was to rationalized the courses between the two sister institutions with orientation towards commerce. Science and Technology at Iree while Esa-Oke was marked for Engineering and Environmental Studies.
However, in view of the advice given by the NBTE that Polytechnic should offer core courses in Engineering, the vision is being revised along that line, plans are therefore in the pipe-line to introduce engineering and environmental studies, at Iree viz: – Faculty of Science and the Faculty of Engineering.
The institution has an imposing library block which serves the academic interest of both staff and students. It keep a fairly sizable number of books for it’s and reading public. Plans are underway to increase its book stock and services particularly in the areas of provision of photocopy services, photographic services and audio visuals.
The institution also has a health centre where staff and students receive medical care. However, serious cases are referred to hospitals at Iree, Ikirun and Osogbo. The works and the services department located near the institutional structure and equipment and provide municipal services e.g. water, electricity etc to staff and students.
With this humble and beginning, management will appreciate the contributions and sacrifices of all staff, students, and the general public at large to an orderly and progressive of development of this young institution.
The environment provides adequate challenges to all concerned and it is our hope that we would all been working together for cooperation, understanding to build osun State Polytechnic, Iree into enviable edifice.
1.1 Statement of the Problem
The problem of the study is to determine:
The promotion prospects of the secretary in a public establishment.
The training prospects of the secretary in a public establishment.
The occupational mobility prospects of the secretary in a public establishment.
1.2 Research Questions
1. What are the promotion prospects of the secretary of a public establishments?
2. What are the training prospects of the secretary in a public establishment?
3. What are the occupational mobility prospects of the secretary in a public establishment?
1.3 Purpose of the Study
In many of our national Institutes of learning today there are few candidates applying for the secretariat studies. Those who are eventually admitted for the course are mostly faced with a lot of problems before they can become secretariat.
It is the purpose of this study however to find out whether the course provides job satisfactions in term of salary, promotion, frige benefits. The study plans to find out what secretarial practice include in Nigeria offices.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The study will discuss extensively why few candidates apply for secretarial studies. It will also reveal the job opportunities for secretaries in public establishment. However, the coverage of the topic will be incomplete if a look is not made into the social psychological, educational and economical importance of the topic in chapter two of the project.
1.5 Delimitation of the Study
This research work titled “career prospects of a confidential secretaries in public establishments Osun State Polytechnic, Iree as its case study. This establishment was selected on such a way that it will represent the various type of institution involved in training and employing qualified secretaries.
1.6 Limitation of the Study
The factors that militate against this study is due to lack of co-operation on the part of some secretarial staff who were visited. Also, there are limited literature materials available for the research work
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
]]>BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COST N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR
YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08137701720
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PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES EXPECTED OF CONFIDENTIAL SECRETARIES IN TECHNOLOGY ERA(A CASE STUDY OF OSUN STATE UNIVERSITY, OSSOGBO CAMPUS)
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Secretaries can be founding many areas of employment such as government establishment, industries, commerce, charity organizations and are services of all these, it is perhaps industry which has most to gain by employing the best secretaries and most at loss in employing poor ones.
In the recent time government establishments have seen many changes. One aspect of this change is the increased foreign competition brought about such things as improved freight facilities.
Another significant factor in public establishment has been the extensive use of computer systems which has to reduction in routine paper work. These two elements have combined together to heighten the rivalry between business organizations. Each wants to excel at the expense of its problems which have to be financed by fever and better staff within the organizations concerned. A careful selection process is possible for each vacancy advertised; there is a wealth of suitable applicant.
The secretary, like the chameleon has to adapt to her surroundings, she has to master new skills such as operating word processors and computers. Telex and electronic mall have becomes part of everyday life for her and the business letter does not occupy as much of her days as it used to be in the past. The secretary today is finding less of her time being spent behind the typewriter and more time being spent attending to other aspects of her work.
Historical Background Information of Osun State Polytechnic, Iree.
This history of Osun State Polytechnic, Iree dated back to 1981 when the campus was one of the four satellite campuses of the polytechnic, Ibadan Following the creation of Osun State in August 1991, it became necessary for the new state to have her own Polytechnic. Government therefore decided to establish Osun State Polytechnic, Iree in the state to cater for the educational needs of the citizens.
The bill establishing Osun State Polytechnic, Iree was assented to by the first Executive Governor of Osun State, Alhaji Isiaka Adetunji Adeleke on 12th October, 1992. by that act of Government, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree became a successor to the Iree satellite erstwhile campus of the Polytechnic, Ibadan. Similarly Osun State College of Technology Esa-Oke was established as a successor to the Esa-Oke satellite campus.
The state had a mission for the institutions. The mission was to rationalized the courses between the two sister institutions with orientation towards commerce. Science and Technology at Iree while Esa-Oke was marked for Engineering and Environmental Studies.
However, in view of the advice given by the NBTE that Polytechnic should offer core courses in Engineering, the vision is being revised along that line, plans are therefore in the pipe-line to introduce engineering and environmental studies, at Iree viz: – Faculty of Science and the Faculty of Engineering.
The institution has an imposing library block which serves the academic interest of both staff and students. It keep a fairly sizable number of books for it’s and reading public. Plans are underway to increase its book stock and services particularly in the areas of provision of photocopy services, photographic services and audio visuals.
The institution also has a health centre where staff and students receive medical care. However, serious cases are referred to hospitals at Iree, Ikirun and Osogbo. The works and the services department located near the institutional structure and equipment and provide municipal services e.g. water, electricity etc to staff and students.
With this humble and beginning, management will appreciate the contributions and sacrifices of all staff, students, and the general public at large to an orderly and progressive of development of this young institution.
The environment provides adequate challenges to all concerned and it is our hope that we would all been working together for cooperation, understanding to build osun State Polytechnic, Iree into enviable edifice.
1.1 Statement of the Problem
The problem of the study is to determine:
The promotion prospects of the secretary in a public establishment.
The training prospects of the secretary in a public establishment.
The occupational mobility prospects of the secretary in a public establishment.
1.2 Research Questions
1. What are the promotion prospects of the secretary of a public establishments?
2. What are the training prospects of the secretary in a public establishment?
3. What are the occupational mobility prospects of the secretary in a public establishment?
1.3 Purpose of the Study
In many of our national Institutes of learning today there are few candidates applying for the secretariat studies. Those who are eventually admitted for the course are mostly faced with a lot of problems before they can become secretariat.
It is the purpose of this study however to find out whether the course provides job satisfactions in term of salary, promotion, frige benefits. The study plans to find out what secretarial practice include in Nigeria offices.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The study will discuss extensively why few candidates apply for secretarial studies. It will also reveal the job opportunities for secretaries in public establishment. However, the coverage of the topic will be incomplete if a look is not made into the social psychological, educational and economical importance of the topic in chapter two of the project.
1.5 Delimitation of the Study
This research work titled “career prospects of a confidential secretaries in public establishments Osun State Polytechnic, Iree as its case study. This establishment was selected on such a way that it will represent the various type of institution involved in training and employing qualified secretaries.
1.6 Limitation of the Study
The factors that militate against this study is due to lack of co-operation on the part of some secretarial staff who were visited. Also, there are limited literature materials available for the research work
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
]]>BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COST N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR
YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08137701720
WHATSAPP US ON: 08137701720
RELEVANCE OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION TO SECRETARIES’ JOB PERFORMANCE IN AN ORGANIZATION
ABSTRACT
This work discusses relevance of effective communication to secretaries’ job performance in an organization
. A hundred and twenty questionnaires were shared amongst secretaries of selected organizations. Interviews and surveys were also conducted.
Primary and secondary data were used the analysis. Both frequency distribution and regression analysis were used.
It was observed therefore that effective communication has a significant positive impact on secretaries’ job performance. Also, there is a relationship between effective communication and secretaries job performance in an organization.
The work is made of five chapters with bibliography and list of references
TABLE OF CONTENT:
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Bibliography
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
OR you drop them on our WhatsApp, 08137701720
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
]]>ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
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WE WILL SEND YOU THE ABSTRACT, TABLE OF CONTENT AND CHAPTER ONE OF YOUR APPROVED TOPIC FOR FREE.
CHOOSE FROM THE LIST OF TOPICS BELOW. SEND YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS AND THE APPROVED PROJECT TOPIC TO ANY OF THESE NUMBERS-08068231953, 08168759420
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RESEARCH TOPICS IN SECRETARIAL STUDIES
1. An Assessment of the Role of Secretaries in Enhancing Organizational Efficiency
2. The Impact of Technology on Secretarial Duties in Contemporary Organizations
3. Evaluating the Relevance of Shorthand Skills in Modern Secretarial Practice
4. The Role of Secretaries in Conflict Resolution within the Workplace
5. Investigating the Challenges Faced by Secretaries in Multinational Companies
6. An Analysis of the Evolving Role of the Executive Secretary in the Digital Era
7. Examining the Importance of Time Management Skills for Secretaries
8. The Influence of Gender on Career Advancement Opportunities for Secretaries
9. Assessing the Communication Skills of Secretaries in Enhancing Office Effectiveness
10. The Significance of Professional Development for Secretaries in Advancing their Careers
11. A Comparative Study of Secretarial Practices in Public and Private Organizations
12. Exploring the Ethics of Confidentiality in Secretarial Services
13. The Impact of Social Media on the Image and Professionalism of Secretaries
14. An Investigation into the Use of Virtual Assistants in Modern Secretarial Functions
15. Assessing the Importance of Soft Skills in Secretarial Competencies
16. The Role of Secretaries in Enhancing Corporate Governance in Organizations
17. An Analysis of the Challenges Faced by Secretaries in Handling Sensitive Information
18. The Influence of Organizational Culture on Secretarial Roles and Responsibilities
19. Examining the Adoption of Cloud Computing in Secretarial Services
20. Investigating the Factors Influencing Career Satisfaction among Secretaries
21. An Assessment of the Legal Responsibilities of Secretaries in Corporate Governance
22. The Role of Secretaries in Enhancing Customer Relations for Organizations
23. A Study of the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Secretarial Jobs
24. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Communication Tools Used by Secretaries
25. The Role of Secretaries in Implementing Sustainable Practices within Organizations
26. An Investigation into the Adoption of Green Practices in Secretarial Services
27. Assessing the Impact of Globalization on Secretarial Functions in Multinational Companies
28. The Influence of Emotional Intelligence on Secretarial Effectiveness
29. Exploring the Challenges Faced by Secretaries in Maintaining Work-Life Balance
30. An Analysis of the Role of Secretaries in Project Management within Organizations
31. The Impact of Information Technology on Secretarial Roles in the Banking Sector
32. Investigating the Role of Secretaries in Crisis Management within Organizations
33. An Assessment of the Contribution of Secretaries to Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives
34. The Role of Secretaries in Facilitating Effective Team Collaboration within Organizations
35. Examining the Influence of Job Automation on the Future of Secretarial Work
36. Assessing the Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction among Secretaries
37. Exploring the Strategies for Enhancing Professionalism in Secretarial Services
38. The Role of Secretaries in Knowledge Management within Organizations
39. An Investigation into the Challenges Faced by Secretaries in Technology Adoption
40. Evaluating the Impact of Employee Training on the Performance of Secretaries
41. The Role of Secretaries in Managing Executive Schedules and Appointments
42. An Analysis of the Relationship between Secretarial Skills and Career Advancement
43. Investigating the Impact of Workplace Diversity on Secretarial Effectiveness
44. Assessing the Role of Secretaries in Corporate Social Media Management
45. The Influence of Leadership Styles on Secretarial Job Satisfaction
46. Examining the Effects of Stress on Secretarial Productivity
47. An Assessment of the Role of Secretaries in Implementing Quality Assurance Practices
48. The Impact of Remote Work on the Role of Secretaries in Organizations
49. Investigating the Factors Affecting Secretarial Career Development
50. The Role of Secretaries in Managing Information Overload within Organizations
51. An Analysis of the Role of Secretaries in Crisis Communication
52. Evaluating the Influence of Organizational Structure on Secretarial Effectiveness
53. Assessing the Impact of Cultural Diversity on Secretarial Functions in International Organizations
54. Exploring the Challenges of Secretarial Succession Planning in Organizations
55. An Investigation into the Role of Secretaries in Business Process Outsourcing
56. The Impact of Continuous Professional Development on Secretarial Competencies
57. Assessing the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Secretarial Services
58. The Role of Secretaries in Ensuring Workplace Health and Safety
59. An Analysis of the Effects of Automation on Routine Secretarial Tasks
60. Investigating the Factors Influencing Job Motivation among Secretaries
61. The Role of Secretaries in Facilitating Effective Board Meetings in Organizations
62. Examining the Impact of Cultural Intelligence on Secretarial Effectiveness in Global Organizations
63. An Assessment of the Role of Secretaries in Implementing Environmental Sustainability Practices
64. Evaluating the Influence of Technological Innovation on Secretarial Work
65. The Role of Secretaries in Enhancing Employee Engagement within Organizations
66. Assessing the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Secretarial Decision-Making
]]>BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420
WHATSAPP US ON 08137701720
THE IMPACT OF MODERN COMMUNICATION FACILITIES ON THE SECRETARY
(A Survey Study of some selected Organizations in Kaduna Metropolis)
ABSTRACT
This project research “The Impact of Modern Communication Facilities on the performance of the Secretary in an Organization”. This becomes essential as every organization seeks to achieve set objectives or goals. This project looks at the impact of modern communication facilities on the performance of a secretary in an organization. Chapter one of this project introduces the background to the subject matter, background to the area of study with emphasis on a survey of some selected organizations in Kaduna metropolis, the scope and limitation of the study, statement of the problems, aims and objectives of the study, significance of the study, the hypothesis of the study. Chapter two contains the review of related literature. This chapter discuss the views of other authorities and it affects the topic researched. These authorities are quoted and acknowledged. Chapter three contains the methodology of data collection by the research in the course of this study. These include the population of the study, the sampling technique, research instruments used, sources of data collected and gathered, method for the test of hypothesis. Chapter four contains the presentation and analysis of data as well as the test of hypothesis. Lastly, chapter five deal with the summary, conclusion and the recommendations based on the findings of the research.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction – – – – – – – – – 1
1.1 Background of the Study – – – – – – 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem – – – – – – 2
1.3 Purpose of the Study – – – – – – – 3
1.4 Research Questions – – – – – – – 4
1.5 Significance of the Study – – – – – – 5
1.6 Scope/Delimitation of Study – – – – – 5
1.7 Definition of Terms – – – – – – – 6
CHAPTER TWO
Review of Related Literature
2.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – 8
2.1 What is Communication? – – – – – – 9
2.2 The Purpose of Communication – – – – – 9
2.3 The Process of Communication – – – – – 10
2.4 The Different Types of Modern Communication Facilities 12
2.5 Impact of Modern Communication on the Secretary – 22
2.6 Problems posed by Communication Facilities to the Secretary 24
2.7 Summary of the Review – – – – – – 25
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – 26
3.1 Research Design – – – – – – – 26
3.2 Area of Study – – – – – – – – 27
3.3 Population of the Study – – – – – – 27
3.4 Sampling Size and Technique – – – – – 28
3.5 Instrument for Data Collection – – – – – 28
3.6 Validation of Instrument/Reliability – – – – 28
3.7 Administration of Instrument – – – – – 29
3.8 Historical Background of Organization Used in the Study 29
3.9 Methods of Data Analysis – – – – – – 36
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION
4.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – 37
4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis – – – – – 37
4.2 Major Findings – – – – – – – – 47
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – 50
5.1 Summary – – – – – – – – – 50
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – – – – 52
5.3 Recommendations – – – – – – – 52
5.4 Area of Further study – – – – – – – 54
Reference – – – – – – – – – 55
Questionnaire – – – – – – – – 56
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1: Responses on modern communication gadgets in the organization – – – – – – 38
Table 4.2: Respondents rating on the impact of modern communication facilities on organizational goals 40
Table 4.3: The impact of modern communication facilities on efficiency of the secretary – – – – 42
Table 4.4: Implication of modern communication facilities on secretarial profession – – – – – 44
Table 4.5: The problems posed by modern communication facilities the secretary – – – – – 46
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
The act of Communication is the most important of all human activities. Is a fact that all human activities are interdependent on one another socially, economically, culturally and politically. No human being can live in isolation, that is to say human being must pass on and also receive information in every activities that must be done. Communication is one of the fundamental functions of the office and process which is essential to all forms of business. It is the means of conveying information from one person to another, which can be through Telephone, post office, Teleprinter, Mobile phone, Messenger services, Computer and many other means. Communication is done in order to pass or receive information, ideas and knowledge from one person to another.
During the past few decades there have been development and improvement in office communication system. This makes the work of today’s trained secretaries to be easier.
Azuka (1990), states that the word Secretary is taken from the Latin word “Secretaries”. This means that the Secretary is the ability to keep information or knowledge away from others. But in your own views a secretary is the keeper of secret.
Little (1976), defines Communication as “the process by which information is passed between individuals and organization by means of previously agree symbols such as words, fiscal grimaces, gestures, postures, pictorial or usual display etc.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The Advent of modern communication facilities has spured up radical changes in the secretarial profession. These changes have been characterized by new methods of doing this, with emphasis on Information and Communication Technology (ICT).
According to Ali and Akinbi (1995), technology is an alteration in the life of an equipment, character, knowledge and method of doing things. The impact of these modern communication facilities this resulted into the acquisition of the needed competencies by secretaries, to effectively and efficiently operates these facilities in order to be relevant in the world of Labour. This is because, prior to this time, the communication facilities obtainable in the office were; Analog, Telephone, the manual typewriter, Teleprinter, Duplicating machine, reprographic machines etc.
Today Modern Communication facilities which include, computer, internet, mobile phones, fax machine, telegram etc. have replaced the persons existing ones. This had also created another impetus on the secretary, as there is an improvement in the way/she discharge his/her duties. However, the impact of modern communication gadget on the organization goals, have not been properly felt for instance the says in some organization are not still efficient even though there gadget. The problems of modern facilities seem to care a problem for instance some says it must undergo many loose of their job.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The overall purpose of this study is to examine the impact of modern communication equipment on the Secretary and the profession. However, the specific objectives of the study are:
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Significance of the Study
It is hoped that if the importance and the roles of Secretaries in the usage of modern communication equipment in communication is identified, the secretary will benefit from it, because by providing the modern facilities such as computer, mobile phone, Teleprinter, and Printing machine, photo-copy to improve its skills. Also secretarial students will benefit from this modern communication facilities.
1.6 Scope/Delimitation of Study
The essence of the research work is to find the effects of modern communication facilities on the Secretary. The research work is however, delimited to the following areas: What is communication? Identify the modern communication gadgets in use in organizations, the impact of modern communication facilities on the secretary assess. Communication gadgets on the efficiency of the Secretary and outline the problems which modern communication facilities pose to the secretarial profession.
1.7 Definition of Terms
These are definition of some words which might sound strange to the readers and which will also make the research work comprehensive and readable.
– VDU: Visual Display Unit
– CPU: Central Processing Unit
– SCPC: Single channel perceiver
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THE IMPACT OF INTERNET SOFTWARE PACKAGES TO THE MODERN SECRETARY
(A Survey Study of some selected Organizations in Kaduna Metropolis)
ABSTRACT
This study is aimed at investigating the impact of the internet software packages to the modern secretary with particular emphasis on three selected organization in Kaduna Metropolis. Four research questions were presented out of the objectives and established for the study. A review of related literature was embarked upon. The population and sample size of the study was 120, the instrument used for the collection of data was the questionnaire and researchers observation. The question was designed for secretaries, executives and subordinate. A total of 120 copies of questionnaires were administered to the respondents and all the copies were returned for the analysis, four research questions were formulated to generate answer. Based on the data analyzed the findings, it was stated that the internet helps secretary to perform his/her function and duty effectively and efficiently in an organization.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page – – – – – – – – – i
Declaration – – – – – – – – ii
Approval Page – – – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – v
Abstract – – – – – – – – – vii
Table of Contents – – – – – – – viii
CHAPTER ONE
INTRDUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study – – – – – 1
1.2 Statement of the Problems – – – – – 3
1.3 Purpose of the Study – – – – – – 4
1.4 Research Questions – – – – – – 5
1.5 Significance of the Study – – – – – 5
1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study – – – 6
1.7 Definition of Terms – – – – – – 7
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction – – – – – – 9
2.1 The Background of Internet – – – – 9
2.2 Internet Resources – – – – – – 13
2.3 Internet Software Packages and Its Impact to Modern Secretary – – – – – – – – 21
2.4 Summary – – – – – – – – 21
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction – – – – – – – 31
3.1 Research Design – – – – – – 31
3.2 Area of the Study – – – – – – 31
3.3 Population for the Study – – – – – 32
3.3 Sample Size and Sampling Technique – – – 32
3.5 Instruction for Data Collection – – – – 33
3.6 Validation of the Instrument – – – – 33
3.7 Method of Data Collection – – – – – 33
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.0 Introduction – – – – – – – 36
4.1 Analysis of Data – – – – – – – 36
4.3 Major Findings – – – – – – – 45
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.0 Introduction- – – – – – – – 49
5.1 Summary – – – – – – – 49
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – – – 49
5.3 Recommendations – – – – – – 51
References- – – – – – – – 52
Appendix – – – – – – – – 54
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Population of the Study – – – – 32
Table 2: What extent has the internet and efficiency and effectiveness of operation of the organization 37
Table 3: Has the internet help in widen the scope of knowledge of a secretary – – – – – – 39
Table 4: How does the organization benefits from the internet 44
Table 5: How relevant is the internet software packages to the modern secretary? – – – – – 41
CHAPTER ONE
INTRDUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The internet began as an experiment by the United States department of defense in the 1960s to help scientist and researchers from widely diereses areas work together by sharing scarce and expensive computer and their files. This goals required the creation of a set of connected network that would act as a co-ordinate whole.
According to Mborun (2007) the internet an the world wide web and its development technology as we have it today are contribution of scientist student and researchers each contribution at different time as the need arises.
In July 199, Learnard Kleinrock of Massachusetts Institute to technology (M.I.T.) http//www.mit.edu. published the first paper on packet swathing which is a technology that breaks up data into bits to enable it travel trough witching commuter network. The idea of packet switching was to allow more users to send text message over computer network.
Then in 1992 JCR Licklider presented his idea about Galelcltic network. This involves a global collection of computer in a huge net work so that each one could acess the data and programmes of others. This earned MLiklier the headship of the Defence Academic Researcher projects Agency. His mission according to a report was to maintain its technological superiority over her enemies in the impending cold war. From then on the idea of network computer for information sharing became important.
Also between 1967 and 1969 Learnard Klerrock idea of packet switching and JCR Lcklider Defence Advance Research project agency network net was on and running of this brought about computer network, capable of sending and receiving packet. The base line of these introductory problems this makes us understand that the internet as we have it today was in the womb of the intelligence military exigencies. This however an internet communication system.
In the resulting internet the responsible of message routing was this spread throughout the network instead of being centered in one location by the early 90s past of the network had evolved in to the publicity assessable internet in large part the internet now over two decades old has grown in popularity because of the use of browser.
1.2 Statement of the Problems
In today business world organization are becoming increasing concerned with high productivity of its employers. In order for private and public business organizations to achieve these objectives. Business organization are being connected to internet resources for the effective performance of the secretary. The secretary had many things to offer more than being an assistance to an executive processing without direct supervision who display initiative exercise judgment and make decision within the scope of his/her authority. This task of a secretary being on many computer illiterate secretary it is worth mentioning that as more internet resource in the office are introduced the more demand for qualified computer literate secretary.
Employers need secretaries who are skilled and computer knowledge and knowledge in computer. There are hardly any advancement of secretaries that does not ask for computer literate.
But employers complain that it is difficult to find secretaries with the skill urgently need for business survival and growth. This limits the employed opportunities for some secretaries
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The main purpose of the study is to find out the impact of internet software packages to the modern secretaries.
1.4 Research Questions
In order to make an implicit work and to help in the analysis of the impact of software packages to the modern secretaries the researchers frames these research questions base, of the objectives of the study.
1.5 Significance of the Study
The study will be of great significance to the colleges of education, polytechnic and university which are the procedures of a secretary. It will enable it structure its programme to provide student with adequate need skills for good secretary of the 21st century.
It will help secretaries to know the latest internet packages available in the area of employment opportunities and reduce the employment problems on guaranteed secretaries it will also help employers to understand the competence of secretaries on graduation.
To help bring improving in productivity of the business organization as they connection to the internet world. It will also enable employers to design and packages an appropriate training progamme that will assist them to perform well on the job. Academicians and researchers who may wish to explore this area of study will further use it.
1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study was carried out on some selected organization in Kaduna Metropolis. The researchers decided to limit this study to the areas because of the travelling to other institution outside Kaduna and more importantly, the difficulty of combining the study with classwork.
1.7 Definition of Terms
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THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE MODERN BUSINESS WORLD
(A Survey of Some Selected Organizations In Kaduna Metropolis)
DEFINITION OF TERMS
MODERN: Of the present and recent times
TECHNOLOGY: A systematic study or technique for making and doing things.
INFORMATION: Is a data that has been processed and can be used for decision making.
TCP/IP: TCP/IP stands for transmission control protocol/internet protocol, the language governing communications between all computers on the internet. TCP/IP is a set of instructions that dictates how packets of information are sent across multiple networks.
EQUIPMENT: Tools or machinery used for specific purposes.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In today’s national and international buiness world, information is a price less commodity, what ever form it takes, without up – to the minutes, accurate information, most commercial organization would quickly founder.
Such business offices serve as hubs or centers of information which take in, process, store and relay data and messages in a host of situations, financing, selling, building, making, servicing or advising – so as to to enable all sorts of people to function in their jobs, ranging from senior managers planning company activities over the next five years to stop assistants quering the current retail price of a product.
While manual and paper-based system of information processing are still much in use, in the form of book, diaries, letters, invoices and so on, more and more office facilities are today being undertaken by electronic and compute-based technology.
Information technology, both in the industry and business world is resourceful. In the 1905s, business embarked on the first widespread use of computer primarily as tools for recording and processing accounting transactions.
Thus information technology has only really been part of business for about the last 40 years. Nonetheless, information technology is one of the most important resources in today’s business environment. But what exactly is information technology.
Aronu (1999) defines information technology as the combination of two technologies; computing and telecommunication (the cornerstone of information technology and the main purpose of which is to transmit representation of information (signals) between remote locations).
One must admit that the modern business world have been reshaped, compared to the business of years ago. History has it that man has to cross oceans, spend huge amount of money and energy to transfer information or transact business. Since the advert of computers, experts have contributed to research with a view of making computer a greater advantage to the business world.
The world at present is connected to a global system of communication that ensures speedy information and business transaction. The global system of communication involves the uses of computer, GSM, fax machine etc.
The modern technology offers world wide communication capability, a mechanism for information dissemination and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals without regard or geographical location.
Buying and selling electronically is changing the way people think and carry out transaction all over the world. Time, distance, and competitive product quality, is no longer the problem. This has triggered off increased economic activities and is having a considerable impact on the world of business. The business world should not be left out in this trend. Inspite of many business hindrances ranging from poor computer appreciation to inadequate communication facilities, the business world must strive to harness the huge economic potentials inherent in this amazing technology that has revolutionalised global economics.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
today’s organizational environment is quite different from that of the past. The global competition, information technology , the quality service revolution, and diversity and ethics have forces management of all types of organizations to totally rethink their approach to both operations and human resources. Because of the sudden shift, organizations are now more responsive to both their internal and external environments. The modern business world is characterized by state of art information technology.
However most modern business organization’s, inspite of the numerous benefits associated with technological advancement are yet to help pace with drastic change and also the cost involved in acquiring the facilities, training and retraining of work force. Also important is the general attitude to embracing change.
The main purpose of this study is to examine each of these characteristics of today’s business world. On a more specific term, to 1. Examine the role of information technology on the modern business world.
I what role does information technology play on the modern business world?
ii. What are the impacts of information technology on workers performance?
Iii what impact does information technology have on communication in the modern business organization ?
This study was carried out in some selected organization spread within Kaduna Metropolis.
The study also covers the impact and problems of information technology, also the modern equipments used in communication.
It is hoped that, the findings and solutions of this research work will be of immense benefit to the following:
(1) Government: It will enable the government realize the relevance of information technology to the business and thus, strive to meet the challenges posed by information technology. It will also help the government plan her business policy along the path of information technology.
(2) Private organizations: This research work will provide opportunity to the private organization to look inward and restructure their organization to meet the intrigues of information technology simultaneously, its relevance to the modern day business.
(3) Educational institutions: It is believe that, at the end of this study, the educational authorities will see the urgent need to introduce information technology course to the academic curriculum and at the same time equip her students.
(4) Students: This research work will serve as a vital academic tool for students who may wish to write further on this topic.
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THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF UNITED BANK FOR AFRICA PLC
ABSTRACT
As information technology is the modern trend in banking today it is very imperative for bank to access it’s impact operational performance so as to justify if the hunger capital invested on it is justifiable or not, analyse their problems and proffer possible solutions. The objective of this study is to identify how the introduction of information and communication technology has influenced bank performance in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, competitiveness, customers base and globalization of bank. The main research instrument used one questionnaire and personal interview for staff of the banks. In conclusion, the study revealed that information technology has tremendously improved the growth of the bank and performance of the bank of Guaranty Trust Bank. Information technology has lead to increase customers satisfaction improved operational efficiency, reduce transaction time, gives the banks competitive edge, reduced the running cost and ushered in swift response in services delivery. The research recommended that government should accurate actions that will create an enabling environment for growth in the banking sector, lower tariff on information technology, tool and equipment should be subsidize and also partner with multinational companies abroad to supply equipment. All banks should utilize information communication technology to render services, the regulatory agencies should upgrade their information technology constantly to align with the rapidly developing private sector banking pace, the government should be to encourage local information technology forms and companies towards meeting up with the 21st canting standard.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page – – – – – – – – – – i
Declaration page – – – – – – – – – ii
Approval page – – – – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – – – v
Abstract – – – – – – – – – – vi
Table of content – – – – – – – – – vi
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – – 10
2.2 Concept of Information and Communication Technology – – 10
2.3 The Concept of ICT and a Perspective of Nigerian Banks – – 14
2.4 ICT and Nigerian Banking Sector – – – – – 17
2.5 Information technology and IT innovations in banking sector – 21
2.6 Impacts of ICT in banking industry – – – – – 25
Bank – – – – – – – – – – 31
Nigerian banks.- – – – – – – – – 37
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Bibliography – – – – – – – – 67
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Today’s business environment is very dynamic and undergoes rapid changes as a result of technological innovation, increased awareness and demands from customers. Business organizations, especially the banking industry of the 21st century operates in a complex and competitive environment characterized by these changing conditions and highly unpredictable economic climate. in contemporary time the banking system has witnessed a lot of innovation and development in the area of introduction Automated Teller Machine (ATM), telephone banking, internet banking, branch networking, interbank fund transfer and the most recent of all which is now a fad in the banking industry which is the Cashless attention which tend to reduce the amount of money in circulation in the economy.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is at the forefront of these global changes. the question now arises ”what is information communication technology”, information can be referred to as processed data or output i.e. any development or action that is meant to be worked upon effects decisions .Irechukwu (2010).
Communication can be said to be the means or methods of getting information past from one location to another. i.e. a method through which relationship are established, extended and maintained through a predefined codes. Elizabeth N. et el(2009)
Technology is said to be the process of using state of the art equipment
To perform operations efficiently and effectively Laudon and Laudon, (2009).
Information communication technology (ICT) is acquisition, processing, storing and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information by microeconomic base combination of computing and telecommunication (Macmillan et al 2010).
Grossman G. and E Helpman 2009, ascert that information communication technology (ICT) stresses the role of unified communication technology and integration of communication (telephone lines and wireless signals) computer middle ware as well as software, storage and visual system which enable users to create ,access ,store, transmit and manipulate information. Laudon and Laudon, (2009).contend that managers cannot ignore Information Systems because they play a vital role in contemporary organization. They point out that the entire cash flow of most fortune 500 companies is linked to Information System.
The application of information and communication technology concepts, techniques, policies and implementation strategies to banking services has become a subject of fundamental importance and concerns to all banks and indeed a prerequisite for local and global competitiveness. ICT directly affects how managers decide, how they plan and what products and services are offered in the banking industry. It has continued to change the way banks and their corporate relationships are organized worldwide and the variety of innovative devices available to enhance the speed and quality of service delivery.
Harold and Jeff (2008) contend that financial service providers should modify their traditional operating practices to remain viable in the 2000s and the decades that follow. They claim that the most significant shortcoming in the banking industry today is a wide spread failure on the part of senior management in banks to grasp the importance of technology and incorporate it into their strategic plans accordingly. Woherem (2010) claimed that only banks that overhaul the whole of their payment and delivery systems and apply ICT to their operations are likely to survive and prosper in the future . He advices banks to re-examine their service and delivery systems in order to properly position them within the framework of the dictates of the dynamism of information and communication technology. The banking industry in Nigeria has witnessed tremendous changes linked with the developments in ICT over the years.
The quest for survival, global relevance, maintenance of existing market share and sustainable development has made exploitation of the many advantages of ICT through the use of automated devices imperative in the industry. This study evaluates the response of Nigerian banks to this new trend and examines the extent to which they have adopted innovative technologies in their operations and the resultant effects.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The advent of information and communication technology on the performanceof the United Bank For Africa among other sectors has brought about several noticeable developments but at the same time, it brings about its attendant problems. There is the problem of banks unable to strictly comply with the mission statement /corporate mission. With information technology, some bank management does not adequately plan to meet the services quality. For example, the required number of customers to be attended to by a cashier within the daily working hours to guide against long queues is neglected- this causes delay in service delivery time leading to long queues in the banking hall.
Another problem is the high incidence of bank fraud borne information technology. This fraud ranges from ATM card fraud, internet banking fraud, email and text message fraud, fund transfer to untraceable offshore accounts, among others.
1.4 Significance of the study
The banking system is required as a catalyst for a rapid macro-economic development of other sectors of the economy; hence, its stability should be the priority of the government most especially during the democratic dispensation. Going by the recent distress in banking industry in Nigeria, the level of public confidence in the sector has dwindled and this has led to the instability syndrome in the sector and as such the public assurance and confidence on efficiency in the private sector in decaying.
The major cause of this syndrome can be attributed to the problems inherited in the banks operational system. The quest for globalization and commercialization has brought about innovations in technology. The digital age and the potential threat posed by non-traditional competition which necessitates innovation has made it inevitable for Nigerian commercial banks to improve upon their operation as they face evolving revolution are being confronted with increasingly sophisticated customer base compelling them to offer today what their customers would be expecting tomorrow. Banks have to deviate from just being a profit making bank to a more conscious customer centered institution.
This research will enable banks to identify ways of remaining competitive in the global and domestic financial industry. It also helps prepare banks repositioning towards meeting the challenges imposed by global banking.
Also, it is expected that the work will contribute to the bank’s future projections on strategies to be used in attracting depositor’s funds, reduce queues in the banking hall, the bank’s management policies.
Finally the research work will also be a contribution to knowledge in academic field and serve as a source of reference to researchers who would carry out research on similar study in the future.
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Scope of the study.
The research work covers the impact of information and communication technology on the operations of Nigerian banks in Nigeria. Specifically, the information in this research work is limited to happenings in the UBA Plc, Kaduna. The period of the study is to be focused on 2004-2010.
1.7 Limitation of the study.
The major limitations of this research work are the constraints encountered in the use of questionnaires for generating data information. Bank customers often find the efficiency of the operational system of the bank in different ways or perspectives; hence, it is not possible to determine the exact level of differences between belief and practice in the banking operation.
The bank staffers are not ready to give out information in any form particularly in writing as it may be required in the case of questionnaires due to secrecy. To get information or data from these groups of people, the researcher has to exercise a lot of patience.
Due to time and financial capability, the researcher was not able to cover all the products of the bank that has been made possible through information technology
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THE EFFECT OF WORKING CONDITION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SECRETARIES IN AN ORGANIZATION
(A Survey Study of Some Selected Organization in Kaduna Metropolis)
ABSTRACT
This study examines the effect of working condition on the performance of secretaries in an organization. A survey method of research was used for the study, secondary data were collected from books which formed the theoretical background of the study and primary data were collected through the use of questionnaire. The questionnaires were administered to 234 secretaries and executives/manages in the four selected organizations after which 200 were collected and analyzed. It is form this that conclusions were based, the summary was based on the findings and recommendations were made. Thereafter, it was discovered that good and conducive working environment leads to better performance by the secretary. And where working condition is not nor haphazardly provided, the works will be in danger while productivity suffers.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page – – – – – – – – – – i
Declaration – – – – – – – – – ii
Approval Page – – – – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – – v
Table of Contents – – – – – – – – vi
List of Tables – – – – – – – – – vii
Abstract – – – – – – – – – – viii
CHAPTER ONE:
1.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – 1
1.1 Background of the study – – – – – – 1
1.2 Statement of the problem – – – – – – 3
1.3 Purpose of the study – – – – – – – 3
1.4 Research questions – – – – – – – 4
1.5 Significance of the study – – – – – – 5
1.6 Scope / Delimitation – – – – – – – 6
1.7 Definition of Terms – – – – – – – 7
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – 8
2.1 Who is a secretary? – – – – – – – 9
2.2 The role played by secretary in the organization – – 10
2.3 The importance of a secretary – – – – – 14
2.4 The meaning of working condition – – – – 16
2.5 Organization’s role in the improvement of working condition 17
2.6 Factors that enhance secretary’s productivity – – 19
2.7 Effect of working condition on secretary productivity – 22
2.8 Summary of the review of related literature – – – 24
CHAPTER THREE:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – 25
3.1 Research Design – – – – – – – 25
3.2 Area of the Study – – – – – – – 25
3.3 Population of the Study – – – – – – 26
3.4 Sample size and technique – – – – – – 27
3.5 Instrument for data collection – – – – – 28
3.6 Method of Data Analysis – – – – – – 28
3.7 Validation of the instrument – – – – – 29
3.8 Administration of the instrument – – – – 29
3.9 Historical Background of the Organization – – – 30
CHAPTER FOUR:
DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
4.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – 36
4.1 Data presentation and analysis – – – – – 36
4.2 Major findings – – – – – – – – 42
4.3 Discussion of findings – – – – – – – 45
CHAPTER FIVE:
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION(S)
5.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – 47
5.1 Summary – – – – – – – – – 47
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – – – – 48
5.3 Recommendations – – – – – – – 49
References – – – – – – – – – 51
Appendix – – – – – – – – – 53
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1: Responses on Effect of Working Condition of the
Secretary on the Company productivity – 43
Table 4.2: Respondents rating on the effects of good working condition on the secretaries output or performance in an organization – – – – – 45
Table 4.3: Respondents rating on what way does organization provide good working condition for their secretaries 46
Table 4.4: Respondents rating on How does absence of good working condition affect Secretary’s productivity 48
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Any organization that wishes to succeed in achieving it aims and objectives has to maintain a good working condition so as to achieve its goals. This is so because the intrinsic and extrinsic factors the intrinsic factor is the incentives attached to one’s job that is what influences the secretary within the job, and this include achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility promotion and possibility for personal growth, while extrinsic are the environmental condition attached to one’s work element that contribute or motivated the secretary e.g. interpersonal relationship with colleagues and subordinates.
Management itself realizes that there are certain fundamental needs that must be satisfied it secretary’s due to function at their best, workers look for organization, firms, companies and institutions that offer jobs that provides satisfaction and sense of accomplishment it is in view of this background that the researchers intends to carry out this research work with the view of making employees improve their working condition as to get the best out of their employees.
Secretaries are needed in every type of office, be it advertising and public education, law and medicine, manufacturing and industries, publishing and schools, insurance and bank etc they also work for politicians, writers and judges.
It is an indisputable fact that the secretary is backbone of any organization, many achievements have been made by the management of the workforce of which the secretary is no exception.
Secretary is derived from the latin word ‘secretaries’ meaning something know to one or few and kept secret or hidden from the view or knowledge of others, simply puts, a secretary is a keeper of secrets. He / she is a person who works in an office, working for another person, dealing with letters and telephone calls, typing, keeping records, arranging meeting with people secretary cannot be efficient and effective if he / she is working under poor condition.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
This research work is focused on the effect of working conditions on workers productivities, the working condition of any organization plays an important role on the workers because the productivity of an organization depends largely on them, lack of good working condition in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic factors leads to an great decline in productivity.
It is observed that many organizations are yet to realize the benefit of good working condition and consequently, this is greatly affecting their employees particularly the realization of this fact that prompted the researchers to go into a study of this nature.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The general objectives of this study is to ascertain the effect of working condition on secretary’s productivity in an organization. However, the specific objectives is to:
1.4 Research Questions
The following questions are framed in order to give solutions to the problems under study:
1.5 Significance of the Study
This study will be of benefit to the categories of people’s
1.6 Scope/Delimitation
The study will be carried out in four selected organizations within Kaduna metropolis and in view of their size and popularity:
In carrying out a study of this nature, it is expected to cover many areas in secretarial field, but for the purpose of this study emphasis would only be placed on the following:
1.7 Definition of Terms
Productivity: This is being able to produce or to be fertile
Adequate: Satisfactory or sufficient requirements
Condition: The thing that must occur if something is to exist
Extrinsic: The environmental condition attached to one’s work
Haphazardly: Without order on plan
Intrinsic: The incentive attached to one’s job
Performance: To do work or to achieve
Organization: Organized body, persons or systems
Secretary: Assistant to an executive employed to help ideal with correspondence and routine office work
Validity: State of being legal
Worker: Members of the working class
Promotion: Act of been given a higher position or rank
Executive: Person or group in a business or commercial organization with administrative or managerial power
Data: Facts, things certainly known and from which conclusions may be drawn
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