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A STUDY OF EFFECTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SECRETARIES IN THE FRONT OFFICE
ABSTRACT
The study examined the effects of information technology on the performance of secretaries in the front office. Survey research design was adopted in the study in order to assess the opinions of the selected respondents with the use of 13 item questionnaire. Three research questions and hypothesis were raised to guide the study. Data obtained were analyzed using simple sample techniques, frequency and percentages while hypotheses were tested using Chi Square. The findings of the study showed that ICT application has impacted positively on the secretarial profession. It was also noted that the adoption of ICT has reduced the employment rate of secretaries and those employed stand the chance of retrenchment. Finally, it was also noted that most secretaries do not encounter problem using ICT but the maintenance and procurement is a problem.
Based on the finding, the following recommendations were made that organization should make adequate provision for ICT and necessary infrastructure should be provided so that the secretaries will be efficient and accurate in the performance of their duty, the secretaries should endeavour to update their knowledge as at when due so as to be well abreast of the modern office equipment, Efforts at training students/ pupils on ICT as a course should be intensified in the school curriculum and proper awareness and enlightment programme should be provided.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Information technology (ICT) is generally regarded as the fourth industrial revolution in the world (Asakpa, 2003). Indeed ICT has become the gateway to the modern information skills and orientation (ISO) which distinguish the world order. ICT in secretarial field can be understood as the application of digital gadget to all aspects of secretarial duties. Within the context of secretarial profession, ICT is described as the combination of technology for collecting, storing, processing, file management, diary keeping, communicating and delivering of information relating to secretarial processes (Oladimeji 2003). The spread and efficiency of ICT is critical to the achievement of secretarial goal (Obanya 2002). ICT involves the application of all aspect of the use of computer, micro electronic devices, satellite and communication technology.
The national policy on ICT (2001), describe ICT as any equipment that is used in the acquisition, storage, manipulation management, control, display, switching and transmission of information. In other dimension, ICT is conceptualized as communication in whatever forms used, assessed, relayed and transmitted to communicate, send and receive information. Application and utilization of these devices converts information, text, messages, sound and motion to digital form. In an office situation, ICT influences the secretarial behavior of the secretaries through training and retraining. It is an integral component of secretarial duties. Since the role of a secretary involves managerial and clerical function.
The potential of ICT as an effective tool to promote efficiency and meet present day secretarial challenges in the organization is not in doubt. The federal government of Nigeria approved a national ICT policy in March 2001 and implementation started in April of that same year. With the establishment of the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA), charged with the implementation of the policy, the federal government recognized that private service providers have enormous capacity for ICT services. Accordingly government setup the Nigeria National ICT for development of ICT4D, strategic action plan committee to develop a new road map for the nation.
ICT has positively affected the secretarial profession in all ramification such that no nation can escape this transforming movement driven forward by the engines of the internet and the modern day invention like the computer, fax machines, GSM and so on. This implies that secretaries for the survival of their profession now have to put their very destines in ICT. Recent findings, have shown that the introduction and application of ICT into the secretarial profession improved the performance of the secretaries in every organization. Recent studies have shown also that the application of ICT makes the secretary work less and accurately (Ogunsiji and Aregbe 2010). Lasisi (2005) is also of the view that ICT has upgraded the function of a secretary and has removed the boredomness of using a typewriter. The cyber revolution has started to redefine secretarial profession, creating new self Image, creativities and innovation, and an ever expanding technological framework. However, the new challenges of ICT and the excitement they are causing do not seems to permeate the entire society.
In early modern time, numbers of nobles have secretaries who functioned quite similarly to those of the present day. They are men who had good command of several languages including Latin, and were required to have what we could consider today as a broad generalized education. Following the renaissance, men continued to dominate clerical and secretarial roles until late 1880’s when the new writing machine was invented that welcomed the entering of women into the profession.
In 1942, the National Secretaries Association (NSA) was formed (now know as the International Association of Administrative professional).NSA first administered the certificate of professional secretaries examination in 1951. The history of secretarial profession in Nigeria can be traced back to the arrival of the missionaries and the colonial masters.
Information technology have restricted the role of the secretary through the elimination of monotonous aspect of paper holding and filling. As a result, the secretary would likely have more time for work that involve human behavioural aspect. There is no doubt about the fact that ICT has contributed greatly to the secretarial profession. The coverage of this research work is to examine the effect of information technology on the performance of secretaries in the office.
1.2 Statement of the problem
Defficiency of the typewriter and the duties of the secretary in the office has affected the organizational framework directly and indirectly, which slows the efficiency of the front office. There has been a lot of research efforts in other to recommend or find a lasting solution to the challenges of the secretaries in the office but their are still lapes. This study examines the effect of information technology on the performance of secretaries in the office.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
1. To examine the impact of information technology on secretaries in offices.
2. To examine the problems of information technology to the secretarial profession.
3. To identify how the application of ICT has promoted efficiency of the front office.
1.4 Research Questions
1. To what extents has the use of ICT impacted on the secretarial profession and individual secretary.
2. What are the problems encountered by secretaries in their use of ICT.
3. Can the adoption of ICT in an organization lead to retrenchment of secretaries in an organization.
1.5 Research Hypothesis
1. Problems encountered by secretaries will not significantly affect their use of ICT.
2. The use of ICT has no significant impact on the secretarial profession and the individual secretary.
3. There is no significant relationship between adoption of ICT and retrenchment of secretaries.
1.6 Significant of the Study
– It is intended to study the effect of ICT on the secretaries and indentify factors that do not allow for better performance of the secretaries.
– This study will also create awareness to the individual secretary as it will enlighten them on the roles of ICT in the desk office.
– The study will identify what lesson need to be learned on how ICT lessons can be applied in a consistent way in order to help secretaries put up good secretarial attribute in the performance of their duties.
– The study will also assess the effect of ICT in the office and on the secretaries and profer solutions.
1.7 Scope of the Study
With regards to the project topic in question, the research has been narrowed down to Straco Insurance Company, Zenith Bank, University of Lagos, Yaba Local Government office and Shomolu Local Government office.
1.8 Limitation
There are many difficulties encountered by the researcher in gathering useful information for this study, It is limited by time, material and financial constraints.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Some key concept in the research work are hereby defined for better understanding of the reader.
Information Technology
It is used to lower the range of information in various forms in particular to computer, digital electronic and telecommunication.
Secretary
An administrative assistant who has good mastering of office skills and ability to assume responsibilities without direct supervision, displays, initiatives, exercise judgement, makes decision with the scope of his/her ability.
Secretarial Education
It is an aspect of business course that offer knowledge and training in clerical services.
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A RESEARCH INTO IMPACT OF HUMAN RELATION SKILLS ON THE JOB PERFORMANCE OF SECRETARIES
ABSTRACT
This work discusses impact of human relation skills on the job performance of secretaries. A hundred and twenty questionnaires were shared amongst secretaries from selected organizations in Nigeria. Interviews and surveys were also conducted.
Primary and secondary data were used the analysis. Both frequency distribution and regression analysis were used.
It was observed therefore that human relation skills have a significant positive impact on job performance of secretaries. Also, there is a positive relationship between human relation skills and job performance of secretaries.
The work is made of five chapters with bibliography and list of references
TABLE OF CONTENT:
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Bibliography
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IMPACT OF HUMAN RELATION SKILLS ON THE JOB PERFORMANCE OF SECRETARIES
ABSTRACT
This work discusses impact of human relation skills on the job performance of secretaries. A hundred and twenty questionnaires were shared amongst secretaries from selected organizations in Nigeria. Interviews and surveys were also conducted.
Primary and secondary data were used the analysis. Both frequency distribution and regression analysis were used.
It was observed therefore that human relation skills have a significant positive impact on job performance of secretaries. Also, there is a positive relationship between human relation skills and job performance of secretaries.
The work is made of five chapters with bibliography and list of references
TABLE OF CONTENT:
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Bibliography
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IMPACT OF HUMAN RELATION SKILLS ON THE JOB PERFORMANCE OF SECRETARIES
ABSTRACT
This work discusses impact of human relation skills on the job performance of secretaries. A hundred and twenty questionnaires were shared amongst secretaries from selected organizations in Nigeria. Interviews and surveys were also conducted.
Primary and secondary data were used the analysis. Both frequency distribution and regression analysis were used.
It was observed therefore that human relation skills have a significant positive impact on job performance of secretaries. Also, there is a positive relationship between human relation skills and job performance of secretaries.
The work is made of five chapters with bibliography and list of references
TABLE OF CONTENT:
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Bibliography
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THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ON SECRETARIAL PERFORMANCE. A CASE STUDY OF NESTLE NIGERIA PLC
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The advent of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has revolutionized the way businesses operate across various sectors. ICT encompasses a wide range of technologies that facilitate the creation, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of information. In the context of secretarial work, ICT tools such as word processors, spreadsheets, email, and video conferencing have significantly enhanced the efficiency and effectiveness of secretarial functions. The integration of ICT into secretarial roles has led to the automation of routine tasks, improved accuracy in documentation, and enhanced communication within and outside the organization.
Nestle Nigeria PLC, a subsidiary of the global food and beverage company Nestle S.A., is a leading player in Nigeria’s consumer goods industry. As a large organization, Nestle Nigeria PLC has embraced ICT to streamline its operations, including its secretarial and administrative functions. Secretaries at Nestle are expected to manage a wide array of responsibilities, from handling correspondence and scheduling meetings to maintaining records and facilitating communication between departments. The use of ICT has become integral to their daily tasks, and understanding its impact on their performance is essential for optimizing administrative efficiency and effectiveness.
In the contemporary business landscape, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a pivotal role in enhancing organizational efficiency and effectiveness. ICT encompasses a wide array of digital tools and resources used to create, manage, store, and communicate information. The integration of ICT into business operations has transformed various functional areas, including secretarial and administrative services. Secretaries, who are crucial to the smooth functioning of organizational activities, now rely heavily on ICT for tasks such as document management, scheduling, communication, and data handling.
Nestle Nigeria PLC, a subsidiary of the global food and beverage leader Nestle S.A., is a prominent player in Nigeria’s consumer goods industry. The company has consistently adopted advanced ICT solutions to support its diverse operations, including those in the secretarial domain. Secretaries at Nestle Nigeria PLC are expected to perform a range of duties that require proficiency in ICT, such as managing digital documents, coordinating virtual meetings, and maintaining electronic records. The use of ICT not only streamlines these processes but also enhances the overall performance of secretarial functions by reducing errors and saving time.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
While the benefits of ICT in enhancing secretarial performance are widely acknowledged, the extent of its impact within specific organizational contexts, such as Nestle Nigeria PLC, remains underexplored. There is a need to assess how effectively ICT tools are being utilized by secretaries and the challenges they face in adopting these technologies. Issues such as inadequate training, resistance to change, and technological obsolescence can hinder the full potential of ICT in improving secretarial performance. Additionally, the rapid pace of technological advancement requires continuous adaptation and upskilling, which may not be uniformly addressed across all secretarial roles.
This study aims to investigate the impact of ICT on secretarial performance at Nestle Nigeria PLC, identifying the benefits, challenges, and areas for improvement. By examining the current state of ICT utilization and its effects on secretarial functions, the study seeks to provide insights into enhancing the efficiency and productivity of secretarial staff through technology.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The primary objectives of this study are:
To evaluate the current use of ICT tools and technologies by secretaries at Nestle Nigeria PLC.
To assess the impact of ICT on the efficiency and productivity of secretarial tasks.
To identify the challenges faced by secretaries in adopting and utilizing ICT in their roles.
To propose recommendations for optimizing ICT usage to enhance secretarial performance.
1.4 Research Questions
To achieve the objectives, the study seeks to answer the following research questions:
What ICT tools and technologies are currently used by secretaries at Nestle Nigeria PLC?
How has the adoption of ICT impacted the efficiency and productivity of secretarial tasks?
What challenges do secretaries face in adopting and utilizing ICT in their roles?
What strategies can be implemented to optimize ICT usage and enhance secretarial performance?
1.5 Significance of the Study
This study holds significant relevance for several stakeholders:
Management of Nestle Nigeria PLC: The findings will provide insights into the effectiveness of current ICT investments in secretarial functions and highlight areas for improvement.
Secretarial Staff: The study will help identify training and development needs, ensuring that secretaries are well-equipped to leverage ICT tools in their roles.
ICT Professionals and Vendors: Understanding the specific needs and challenges of secretarial staff can guide the development of targeted solutions and support services.
Academic Community: The research will contribute to the body of knowledge on the impact of ICT on administrative functions, particularly in the context of large organizations in emerging markets.
1.6 Scope of the Study
The study focuses on the secretarial staff at Nestle Nigeria PLC, examining their use of ICT tools and technologies in their daily tasks. It encompasses an assessment of current ICT utilization, its impact on performance, and the challenges faced by secretaries. The study is limited to the secretarial department of Nestle Nigeria PLC, providing a specific case study within the broader context of ICT adoption in administrative functions.
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]]>BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
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IMPACT OF HUMAN RELATION SKILLS ON THE JOB PERFORMANCE OF SECRETARIES
ABSTRACT
This work discusses impact of human relation skills on the job performance of secretaries. A hundred and twenty questionnaires were shared amongst secretaries from selected organizations in Nigeria. Interviews and surveys were also conducted.
Primary and secondary data were used the analysis. Both frequency distribution and regression analysis were used.
It was observed therefore that human relation skills have a significant positive impact on job performance of secretaries. Also, there is a positive relationship between human relation skills and job performance of secretaries.
The work is made of five chapters with bibliography and list of references
TABLE OF CONTENT:
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Bibliography
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL (S)
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08068231953 or 08168759420
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OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
]]>BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
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PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES EXPECTED OF CONFIDENTIAL SECRETARIES IN TECHNOLOGY ERA (A CASE STUDY OF OSUN STATE UNIVERSITY, OSSOGBO CAMPUS)
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Secretaries can be founding many areas of employment such as government establishment, industries, commerce, charity organizations and are services of all these, it is perhaps industry which has most to gain by employing the best secretaries and most at loss in employing poor ones.
In the recent time government establishments have seen many changes. One aspect of this change is the increased foreign competition brought about such things as improved freight facilities.
Another significant factor in public establishment has been the extensive use of computer systems which has to reduction in routine paper work. These two elements have combined together to heighten the rivalry between business organizations. Each wants to excel at the expense of its problems which have to be financed by fever and better staff within the organizations concerned. A careful selection process is possible for each vacancy advertised; there is a wealth of suitable applicant.
The secretary, like the chameleon has to adapt to her surroundings, she has to master new skills such as operating word processors and computers. Telex and electronic mall have becomes part of everyday life for her and the business letter does not occupy as much of her days as it used to be in the past. The secretary today is finding less of her time being spent behind the typewriter and more time being spent attending to other aspects of her work.
Historical Background Information of Osun State Polytechnic, Iree.
This history of Osun State Polytechnic, Iree dated back to 1981 when the campus was one of the four satellite campuses of the polytechnic, Ibadan Following the creation of Osun State in August 1991, it became necessary for the new state to have her own Polytechnic. Government therefore decided to establish Osun State Polytechnic, Iree in the state to cater for the educational needs of the citizens.
The bill establishing Osun State Polytechnic, Iree was assented to by the first Executive Governor of Osun State, Alhaji Isiaka Adetunji Adeleke on 12th October, 1992. by that act of Government, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree became a successor to the Iree satellite erstwhile campus of the Polytechnic, Ibadan. Similarly Osun State College of Technology Esa-Oke was established as a successor to the Esa-Oke satellite campus.
The state had a mission for the institutions. The mission was to rationalized the courses between the two sister institutions with orientation towards commerce. Science and Technology at Iree while Esa-Oke was marked for Engineering and Environmental Studies.
However, in view of the advice given by the NBTE that Polytechnic should offer core courses in Engineering, the vision is being revised along that line, plans are therefore in the pipe-line to introduce engineering and environmental studies, at Iree viz: – Faculty of Science and the Faculty of Engineering.
The institution has an imposing library block which serves the academic interest of both staff and students. It keep a fairly sizable number of books for it’s and reading public. Plans are underway to increase its book stock and services particularly in the areas of provision of photocopy services, photographic services and audio visuals.
The institution also has a health centre where staff and students receive medical care. However, serious cases are referred to hospitals at Iree, Ikirun and Osogbo. The works and the services department located near the institutional structure and equipment and provide municipal services e.g. water, electricity etc to staff and students.
With this humble and beginning, management will appreciate the contributions and sacrifices of all staff, students, and the general public at large to an orderly and progressive of development of this young institution.
The environment provides adequate challenges to all concerned and it is our hope that we would all been working together for cooperation, understanding to build osun State Polytechnic, Iree into enviable edifice.
1.1 Statement of the Problem
The problem of the study is to determine:
The promotion prospects of the secretary in a public establishment.
The training prospects of the secretary in a public establishment.
The occupational mobility prospects of the secretary in a public establishment.
1.2 Research Questions
1. What are the promotion prospects of the secretary of a public establishments?
2. What are the training prospects of the secretary in a public establishment?
3. What are the occupational mobility prospects of the secretary in a public establishment?
1.3 Purpose of the Study
In many of our national Institutes of learning today there are few candidates applying for the secretariat studies. Those who are eventually admitted for the course are mostly faced with a lot of problems before they can become secretariat.
It is the purpose of this study however to find out whether the course provides job satisfactions in term of salary, promotion, frige benefits. The study plans to find out what secretarial practice include in Nigeria offices.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The study will discuss extensively why few candidates apply for secretarial studies. It will also reveal the job opportunities for secretaries in public establishment. However, the coverage of the topic will be incomplete if a look is not made into the social psychological, educational and economical importance of the topic in chapter two of the project.
1.5 Delimitation of the Study
This research work titled “career prospects of a confidential secretaries in public establishments Osun State Polytechnic, Iree as its case study. This establishment was selected on such a way that it will represent the various type of institution involved in training and employing qualified secretaries.
1.6 Limitation of the Study
The factors that militate against this study is due to lack of co-operation on the part of some secretarial staff who were visited. Also, there are limited literature materials available for the research work
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COMPUTER USABILITY AND IMPACT IN OFFICE MANAGEMENT AMONG SECRETARIES IN RIVERS STATE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
By the mid 20th Century, humans had achieved a mastery of technology sufficient to leave the atmosphere of the earth for the first time and explore space. According to Merriam-Webster (2007) technology is making usage and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function. The word technology comes from Greek, the term can either be applied generally or to specific areas: example include construction technology and information technology.
Technology has affected society and its surroundings in a number of ways. In many societies, technology h as helped develop more advanced economies (including today’s global economy) and has allowed the rise of a leisure class. Many technological processes product unwanted by-products: known as pollution and deplete natural resources, the determinants of the earth and its environment. Various implementations of technologies influences the value of a society and news technology often rises new ethical questions examples include the rise of efficiency interm of human productivity, a term originally approved to machines and the challenge of traditional norms.
According to Franklin Ursula (1952) Traditionally, new technology has been concerned with the construction of machines, structures, and tools on a relatively large scale. The development of materials for building bridges or sky scrapers is an example of this, as is the development of the internal construction engine and the nuclear reactor. While such activities involve all the sciences, from chemistry to nuclear physics, the overding goal has been the same to improve the human condition by finding better ways to deal with the macroscopic world.
Jaulius Adama’s (1999) in his views says: Since world War II, the focus of technological activities has undergone a major change while the old activities are still pursued, they have largely superseded by applications of technology at the microscopic level instead of building large-scale structures and machines modern-day technology tends to concentrate on finding improved ways to transfer information and to develop new materials by studying the way atoms come together. The silicon clip and micro electronics typing the new technological trend, as does the blossoming of genetic engineering. The trend can be expected to continue into the fore seeable future.
With the changing world of technology this day, it is important to say that computer technology has come to stay, and it plays significant role in the improvement of the secretary’s job which in turns enhances productivity in all aspect.
However Eric Schalzbery (2004) in his views says that with the high rate of technological development in this “global village” era, the secretary has come to terms with the reality of having her job greatly enriched and complete business activities going on in modern office. The secretary plays important role in ensuring the proper utilization of these machines for greater productivity.
In the past, most office work had been carried out manually although them the volume of office work had been small and there was less sophistication in the industrial art, hence there was no significant demand for computer technology. But today, when one looks at the basic tasks. In an office, whether it be writing, calculating, filling, sorting or analysis, it is found that office machines cam be used to dot he job better and faster which leads to great achievements and professionalism in the field. There has never been grater need for efficiency in business than there is today. All kinds of businesses. Must employ modern methods in their offices. The raw material of an office is information, and the responsibility of an office is lit that of a clearing house, receiving and sending out information, processing storing facts in various forms. Therefore, the ever increasing size of business organizations has increased the development of new techniques in office management. Unlike in the past, where the secretary made use of old model manual typewriter that does not enhance efficient. Since the secretary is a medium through which the organization actions and policies are conveyed to the public. In readable and disenable form, it is wise that she is exposed to office machines and understand their proper usage so that she can efficiently carryout the routine job of the office. By so doing the organization concern can benefit highly form the services of the secretary.
The secretary is part of the management team since she is completely involved in the affairs of the office and in making and implementation of business plans. She deals with letter drafting and typing, filing processing and storing of information as well as disseminating information. With the office automation such as electronic typewriter Word process, computer, telephone, fax machine, internet, e-mail, photocopier and calculating machines at her disposal, her job is sure to progress swiftly and a boost to attaining productivity in the organization where she works.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Even though computer technology is regarded as important and of high value in ensuring quality work output in an office, as well as bringing about productivity. It is equally believed that these machines can cause job. Displacement. This is the fear that many employees suffer from when new machines are being purchased for use by their organization. The machines are cost effective. Some organizations do not really apply the use of some of the modern machines and this lead to poor performance, this is because they seem not to attach great importance to these machines and most secretaries are ignorant of their uses.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The study intend to achieve the following:
a. To examine the concept of computer technology and its effect on the secretary’s profession.
b. To examine whether computer technology causes job displacement of secretaries in organizations.
c. To determine whether the secretaries utilize the office machines for productivity in every aspect.
d. To determine whether the modern machines enhances the secretary’s efficiency.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Based on the topic, the effect of computer technology on the secretarial profession in government parastatals, this study has drawn up the following research questions:
a. What effect do computer technology have on the secretary’s job in an organization.?
b. How has these modern machines caused job displacement of secretaries in organization’s today?
c. How well do secretaries utilize the office machines for productivity in their places of work?
d. Does modern machine enhance the secretary’s efficiency, performance and productivity.
1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY
The study covers all aspect relating to the effect of computer technology on secretarial profession such as the concept of computer technology, functions of modern office, secretarial function in government parastals, types of modern technologies used by secretaries in their profession, effect of computer technology on secretary performance.
This also talks on how this variables can be put together to enhance productivity in all aspect most significantly in secretarial profession.
The research believes that this study will be of immense benefit to the following categories of people.
a. Secretaries: This study will be useful to practicing secretaries. It will help broaden their knowledge about modern machines because they are the people who actually make most use of these machines in the offices, it will help motivate them in wanting to make use of the modern machines.
b. Employers of labour: This study will enable employers of labour to have more knowledge about the modern machines and will give them a focus in acquiring these machines for use by their secretaries for grater productivity in their business activities..
c. Future Researchers: This study will serve as a guide to the future researchers who will need to study and expand on the same topic. It will serve as data or source of information.
d. Employees: This study will enable the employees to make use of the modern machines to communicate smoothly. Two people can chat via a computer when they are both connected. It brings secretaries all over the world into contact with each other.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Modern machines: These refers to the usage and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organizing in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function.
Productivity: This is the ability to produce things of economic value. The art of being fruitful.
Manually: Work done with high degree of human labour
Efficiency: The ability to perform duties well to produce the desired or satisfactory result.
Sophistication: Having to do things with latest improvement and refinements e.g modern machines.
Implementation: To carry out a plan into action.
Displacement: To put a person out of his usual position and be replaced by a machine.
Policies: Plan of action made by business company to meet aims and objectives.
Secretary: An individual employed to keep the records of the meetings of an organizations and to write or answer letters on this behalf.
Professional secretary: A person employed to be in charge of the clerical, organizational and administrative functions of the organization
Government: A political authority who have the power to make and enforce laws for a country or area.
Government Parastatals: A group of people established to perform a function usually associated with a government and under its direct control.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
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Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
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OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
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08068231953 or 08168759420
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INFORMATION:
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IMPACT OF UNIVERSITY WORKING ENVIRONMENT ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SECRETARIES IN NIGERIA-A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN RIVERS STATE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Human effort in organization is indispensable. It constitutes a complex phenomenon to managers of such organization to comprehend. Accordingly, it is believed that every behavior is a goal directed. Thus, for an organization or individual to engage in any productive venture, it must have underlying factors including the individual in that direction. Hence the effect of work environment in achieving set target for the organization must be in adequate condition. Therefore, the nature of office concerned with these things that influence workers productivity, which constitute the “why” of people behaviors? Why do people do things differently? Why is X’s moral higher than Z’s? What are these increases in work productivity? These questions can be answered with the understanding of the nature of work environment and how these affect productivity.
However, the organizational target can only be achieved if the environment is conducive. Work environment consists of the office buildings, its furniture and layout as well as the physical conditions under which workers operate. it is also concerned with the external factors to the business which the office serves, the industry or other activities within which the business lies, the custom and laws of the community within which they operates. These environmental factors are always changing and the office must react to the changes, but how does the customs and laws reduce workers morale? This question can be answered after investigation. Office and work environment are dynamic, but the most dynamic factors in the office is human factor.
Workers today are more educated than before. They are more likely to raise questions about their environment of work since management itself is dynamic pro. It has adhered and addresses itself to the provision of good environment of work for workers productivity. But what are those increases that enhance productivity? Therefore, answer will be made after investigations. However, poor work environment and bad conditions have posed a great danger to workers health and therefore make them to work with less joy and enthusiasms and work progress is hampered and disrupted.
An understanding of the effect of work environment on the productivity of employees cannot be over-emphasized or seen as overstatement in every organization. Experience has shown that workers are directly influenced by the environment they find themselves or where their competence will achieve nothing in terms of productivity if the environment is not conducive. This is in respect of workers in public enterprises today specially those in Edo City Transport Service and issue of unproductive nature of workers is compounded with the poor nature of the environment.
Therefore, because of the adverse effect of work environment on morale of employees, the need for provision of good physical work environment for workers was stated by Mill in 1930 after the First World War. During this period, various management teams were concerned with the importance of maintaining loyalty and morale through the elimination of irritants such as temperatures, noise and pollution from their environment. This was later spread out to include a wider area of disturbing influences like feeling of insecurity in relation to employment, unfairness on the part .of supervision and not being accepted by one’s fellow employees. There is a great need for standard of working condition received legal backing by 1963 law and act of parliament which made it mandatory for all business organizations to provide the minimum standard of interest that will enhance the performance of employees as an objective.
1.2 Statement of the research problem
Every organization is set up for a purpose and such purpose which is generally referred to as the objective and this cannot be achieved if the environment looks unhealthy. The absence of important of work material as a result of non availability of some necessary office facilities like air condition, rugs or tiles, good ventilation in some of the department in the company is a common feature. Some offices or departments look depressing and unstimulating. Some of them have no louvers, light and some with uncompleted roofs.
The state of affairs do not compete favorably with other office outside, some office with dirty and scattered environment, most of the departments have small floor space with materials tables, chairs, papers, files and other things scattered here and there. Some office were furnished without due regard to the relationship between colour selection and workers morale. Some of these facilities has colour which makes the office to be dark; in some of the department’s world service are wrongly arranged.
It is known from workers view point that the work of accounting typing etc needs good quality of light because of visual discrimination involved. As a result of non availability of good work environment, the performance of employees is in a declining state. Most departmental manager in the company pay no attention in accomplishing the departmental set objectives, as to be recognized and promoted at the expense of workers or employees welfare. These acts of negligence by the mangers have gone a long way to reduce workers performance or morale. The state of affairs in the company has resulted to negative attitude by the employees which is inimical to the progress and accomplishment of the company’s set objective. With an attempt to answer the questions in the research work.
1.3 Objectives of the study
The aim of this study is to investigate and identify the effect of work environment in Edo City Transport Service whether inadequacy of the various conditional factors can affect productivity of employee. It is also geared toward ascertaining whether the nature of work environment lead to low productivity, absenteeism and lateness among employees.
The specific objectives of the study are:
(i) To study how work environment affects productivity of secretaries.
(ii) To study how work environment affects the morale and interpersonal relationship among the employees.
(iii) To study how work environment affects profitability and the work itself.
(iv) To study how work environment affects customer relationship.
1.4 Significance of the study
Many people in an organization try to attain a higher level safety or job security in their place of work. And this study when completed should be of immense help to different organization and individuals. It will help to highlight the effect of work environment on the productivity of employees in Edo City Transport Service, so that the management will look into the problems with a view to make an improvement on its environment. It will enable the management to create minimum standard of good working environment for workers to achieve optimum productivity.
The study is intended to enlighten management that to create monetary incentive alone cannot motivate employees to better productivity without the provision of good environment under which they operate. Moreover, it will assist to uphold or testify the idea that good environment is very important and indispensable to growing needs of workers. It will also be beneficial to prospective students who will need some information contained in this work to guide their own research work which is related to the present study.
1.5 Limitation of the study
A general setback to most research works are: office facilities, human resources and job security are the major constraints expected to limit the extend of a study of this type, since observation interviews and questionnaire shall t constitute the basic data gathering. The methods shall have projected effects on perfectness of this research; notwithstanding, the researcher shall do a detail work on the subject which would ensure attainment of the objective upon which this research work was originally provided.
1.6 Hypothesis of the study
H0: There is no relationship between university working environment and productivity of secretaries
H1: There is a relationship between university working environment and productivity of secretaries.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420
WHATSAPP US ON 08137701720
EFFECT OF TRAINING ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SECRETARIES IN NIGERIA
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Technology in our environment coupled with competition within a particular industry or in the society amount to the training and development. This is as a result of the need to match changes in structure polices, technology process and procedures with the need performance attitude and behaviours to enhance productivity of a given bank. The need for training became an essential ingredient in the match to civilization. Training is the process of exposing an individual in a systematic way to a series of events experiences and materials that in themselves comprise opportunities to learn. According to Appleby (1981) training improves current performance and provides a suitable trained secretaries to meet present and future needs.
Training is embarked upon because it contributes in no small measure to enterprise effectiveness. A highly skilled manpower is a pre-requite for overall economic and national development.
Training and development enhance dynamism and ability to cope with challenges of our rapidly changing technological environment organization that give n attention to training is invariably encouraging obsolescence of employees validity and inflexibility in the organization and total failure in recognizing the changing nature of the environment in which the organization operates. For instance computer training is compulsory for secretarial secretaries nowadays. Training is massively organized in Nigeria because it increase out put of employee. This was done by deliberate examples by signs and words. Through these devices the development process called training was acquired and when the message was received by another successfully we say that learning took place and knowledge or skill was transferred. The ninth century ushered in an ear of social legislature and with it sizeable changes in concept of the secretarial secretaries organization arose.
Through these changes, however, we constantly development employees as we see today, quality training of workers and this has culminated in the stand support of the trade unions for any legislation that provides wide range of vocational education. One of the objectives of every organization should be to provide opportunities for its employee to optimize their performances in pursuit of organizational goals. With this end in view it may be profitable also to help employee feel that organization cares for then as people there is more like hood of their responding willingly to satisfy the needs of the concern.
When we consider training therefore we are seeking by any instructional or experimental means to develop a persons behaviour pattern in order to achieve a standard level of performance. There is an essential pre-requisite for adequate performance in one’s occupation what ever the job may be .
And this will enhance greater productivity in organization the importance of secretarial secretaries to any organization whether public or private has been identified organizational objectives such as profit maximization, share of market and social responsibilities cannot be fulfilled without proficient secretarial secretaries. The realization of the value of “secretarial secretaries” to any organization has led to a proposal by experts that people should be classified as “assets” and to b so recorded in accounting records. Investment in secretarial secretaries capital is worthy and necessary expenditure if any organization is to discharge its legal statutory and social responsibilities to its owners public and society at large.
The indisputable reason why training and development of secretarial secretaries should be revolving undertaking is because of changes posed by modern technology. Changes take place every minute, hour, day etc and the world is faced with an era of technological advancement that can make already required skills obsolete. Training therefore is not retract to new employee or old employee but to both and even to senior management personnel. Training brightens employee athlete towards their work. This in turn improves job performance at all levels which facilitates the realization of both individual and organizational objective since 1960 Nigeria government has realized the need to train and develop her employee because it was discovered that most top government positions were held by expatiates. As a result of this government had to set up a manpower board in 1962 following the report of Abbey commission. Tertiary institutions grew up form one in 1959 to thirty-one in 1989. environment in tertiary institutions grew from 2,993 in 1962 to 55249 in 1980.
Many polytechnics were established by both the federal and state government in the 1970’s and 1980’s more of secondary and primary school were established and environment into them became very higher several training institutions such as industrial training funds center for management development and administrative secretaries college were established to accelerate secretarial secretaries development.
Recently the federal education systems were redesigned to give priority to technical education through the introduction of 6-3-3-4 programme.
In 1892, bank business started in Nigeria by African banking corporation. The bank was taken over by west Africa now first bank in 1894. Barclay bank now union bank was established in 1917. The two expatriate banks dominated the banking scene until 1933 when national bank of Nigeria was established. many indigenous banks were established between 1929 and 1952 but most of them failed probably due to poor management and lack of training apart form how capitalization and stiff competition from foreign owned banks.
The periods of 1959-1986 witnessed the era of regulation. The central bank of Nigeria was established in 1959 with power to promote and integrate the Nigeria financial systems. The first bank of Nigeria encouraged the development of money and capital markets.
It also encouraged employee development in the banking industry. Other useful development within the period that affected employment development in the bank are as follows.
a. The companies decree (1968) which made it mandating for all companies in Nigeria including banks to register locally and be subjected to Nigeria laws
b. Indigenization decree (1972) which introduced the system of deliberate management.
c. Acquisition of controlling share in the three big expatriate banks. The period of 1986 to date is called the second banking booms era because of the rapidity with which banks were established due to the deregulation of the economy. The government and private sectors now rely on the banks for allocation of employee.
The rapid growth within the industry and financial system of as a whole has over stretched the management cadre of the banks it has erected rapid up liftmen and promotion for many secretaries of the bank such situation surely called rapid training and retaining to a high level of competence within the industry.
Before the establishment of central bank in 1959 training of Nigeria banks was not taken seriously by most banks especially the foreign owned banks there was a gentlemen’s agreement within the foreign owned banks in competition for business and secretaries.
Except in big cities one could not see offices of two foreign banks in the same town and mobility of secretaries among them was not allowed. However the indigenous banks had to snatch some Nigerians from these banks to survive since they needed some experienced hands it is in records that foreign banks in the early part of this century employed Nigerians mainly as menials and clerks their management and intermediate secretaries were expatriates until the seventies one ceased seeing many white faces as accountants managers and office executive in banks.
There were no conscious efforts to groom Nigerians for management position infact the caliber of people employed were either drop-out from school or school certificate holders with lower grades to that they could stay long in the job Union Bank Plc was the first banking institution that opened a training center locally in 1956. first bank did not have a local training center until 1975. the Savannah bank formerly bank of America did not have a training center until 1996 though its office was opened for a business in 1960.
NAL Merchant bank only established a training center in 1988 after 28 year in business however some banks are known to have set up training center within a short time after establishment.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Today several banks established training centers at various locations all over the country to train their employee despite all the efforts towards employee development by banks one still observes long queens whenever he comes to deposit or with draw money or for any other services rendered by banks. Secondly the rate of labour turnover in banks especially commercial banks is still very high compare to what it used to be.
There is no doubt that this high rate of mobility contributes to the poor services rendered by banks. This in the opinion of the researcher is very essential because a well planned training and development programme return to the organization in terms of increased productivity reduction of cost and enhance efficiency in order to achieve the organizational goals.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study is to ascertain the following:
1. To identify training and development opportunities available to secretarial secretaries of union bank of Nigeria Plc.
2. To identify the problem associated and their training and development strategies
3. To identify the effects of training and development on the productivity of secretarial secretaries in union bank of Nigeria Plc.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study is very wide if it ha be carried out in all union banks Plc in Nigeria therefore it is limited to the three branches of union bank Plc Enugu which include Okpara Avenue union bank Ogui road union bank and Ogbete main market union bank Plc Enugu. It determines how training and development effects productivity and efficiency on the job and the overall performance of employee before and after each training programme as the world moves away from Analog to digitize system of information dissemination
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The research question includes:
1. What training and development are available to secretarial secretaries of union bank of Nigeria?.
2. What are the problem associated with these training and development strategies
3. What are the effects of these training and development strategies on the productivity of the secretarial secretaries?
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This piece of work hen completed will be immense value to the following BANK IN NIGERIA
This research work will help the management of the bank in Nigeria to improve the quality of their employees with particular references to union bank Pplc Okpara Avenue Ogui Road and Ogbete main market union banks Plc Enugu banking secretaries
When banks realize the need for capacity building their employee will no doubt have a great opportunity of being trained this enhance in development and shaping their future secretaries.
Training prepares secretaries to step into this new world of information communication technology with increase responsibility.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420