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RESEARCH TOPICS ON SOCIAL POLICY
1. The Impact of Social Media on Social Policy Development
2. Universal Basic Income: Economic Implications and Social Equity
3. A Comparative Analysis of Social Policies in Developed and Developing Countries
4. The Role of Social Policies in Addressing Homelessness
5. Social Policy Responses to the Aging Population
6. The Influence of Social Policy on Mental Health Services
7. Gender Inequality and Social Policy: Challenges and Solutions
8. The Impact of Social Policies on Income Inequality
9. Social Policy Approaches to Combating Substance Abuse
10. The Role of Social Policies in Promoting Inclusive Education
11. Family Leave Policies: A Comparative Study
12. Social Policies and the Digital Divide: Bridging the Gap
13. The Impact of Social Policies on Youth Unemployment
14. Social Policy Responses to Domestic Violence
15. Disability Rights and Social Policy Implementation
16. The Role of Social Policies in Addressing Food Insecurity
17. Social Housing Policies and Urban Development
18. Social Policy and the Criminal Justice System
19. The Impact of Immigration Policies on Social Inclusion
20. Social Policies and LGBTQ+ Rights
21. Welfare-to-Work Programs: Effectiveness and Challenges
22. The Role of Social Policies in Promoting Work-Life Balance
23. Social Policy Approaches to Addressing Climate Change
24. Child Welfare Policies: Successes and Challenges
25. The Impact of Social Policies on Educational Inequality
26. Social Policies and the Aging Workforce
27. The Role of Social Policies in Reducing Health Disparities
28. Social Assistance Programs and Poverty Reduction
29. The Impact of Social Policies on Substance Abuse Treatment
30. Social Policy Responses to Global Health Crises
31. Policies Addressing Social Isolation and Loneliness
32. The Role of Social Policies in Promoting Civic Engagement
33. Social Policies and the Integration of Immigrant Communities
34. The Impact of Social Policies on Access to Healthcare
35. Social Policies and the Gig Economy: Challenges and Solutions
36. Policies Addressing Gender Pay Gap
37. The Role of Social Policies in Supporting Persons with Disabilities
38. Social Policies and the Gig Economy: Challenges and Solutions
39. Policies Addressing Gender Pay Gap
40. The Role of Social Policies in Supporting Persons with Disabilities
41. Social Policies and the Opioid Crisis: Strategies for Prevention and Treatment
42. Policies Addressing Environmental Justice and Community Well-being
43. The Role of Social Policies in Promoting Financial Inclusion
44. Social Policies and Technology: Navigating the Digital Age
45. Policies Addressing Racial Disparities in Healthcare
46. The Impact of Social Policies on LGBTQ+ Youth
47. Social Policies and Aging in Place: Challenges and Opportunities
48. Policies Addressing Cyberbullying and Online Harassment
49. The Role of Social Policies in Fostering Social Entrepreneurship
50. Social Policies and Affordable Housing: Strategies for Urban Planning
51. Policies Addressing Discrimination in the Workplace
52. The Impact of Social Policies on Substance Abuse Prevention
53. Social Policies and Smart Cities: Enhancing Urban Quality of Life
54. Policies Addressing Mental Health Stigma and Awareness
55. The Role of Social Policies in Supporting Foster Care Systems
56. Social Policies and Community Policing: Building Trust
57. Policies Addressing Educational Inequality in Early Childhood
58. The Impact of Social Policies on Workforce Diversity
59. Social Policies and Civic Technology: Innovations in Governance
60. Policies Addressing Food Deserts and Access to Nutritious Food
61. The Role of Social Policies in Promoting Aging in Community
62. Social Policies and Telemedicine: Expanding Healthcare Access
63. Policies Addressing Substance Abuse in the Workplace
64. The Impact of Social Policies on LGBTQ+ Elderly
65. Social Policies and Community Resilience: Lessons from Disasters
66. Policies Addressing Human Trafficking and Modern Slavery
67. The Role of Social Policies in Supporting Veterans
68. Social Policies and Green Infrastructure: Sustainable Urban Planning
69. Policies Addressing Social Determinants of Health
70. The Impact of Social Policies on Criminal Recidivism
71. Social Policies and Community Land Trusts: Affordable Housing Solutions
72. Policies Addressing Educational Inequality in Higher Education
73. The Role of Social Policies in Addressing Cybersecurity
74. Social Policies and Universal Healthcare: International Perspectives
75. Policies Addressing Mental Health in Schools
76. The Impact of Social Policies on Indigenous Communities
77. Social Policies and Sustainable Agriculture: Addressing Food Security
78. Policies Addressing Aging Workforce and Employment Discrimination
79. The Role of Social Policies in Promoting Healthy Aging
80. Social Policies and Smart Growth: Balancing Urban Development
81. Policies Addressing Inequality in Access to Technology
82. The Impact of Social Policies on Access to Quality Education
83. Social Policies and Social Impact Bonds: Innovations in Funding
84. Policies Addressing Substance Abuse in Rural Communities
85. The Role of Social Policies in Promoting Active Transportation
86. Social Policies and the Future of Work: Implications for Labor
87. Policies Addressing Educational Inequality in STEM Fields
88. The Impact of Social Policies on Cybersecurity Education
89. Social Policies and Community-Based Healthcare Models
90. Policies Addressing Bullying and Harassment in Schools
91. The Role of Social Policies in Supporting Refugees and Asylum Seekers
92. Social Policies and Aging in Place: Challenges and Opportunities
93. Policies Addressing Cyberbullying and Online Harassment
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THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CORRELATION OF FEMALE CRIMINALITY IN NIGERIA
[A CASE STUDY OF KADUNA PRISON]
ABSTRACT
The general objective of the study was to describe the extent and type of female involvement in crime and analyse the type of crimes in which women have been most visible. A total of 23 questionnaires were distributed to respondents (inmates.) The location of the study was Kaduna State. The units of response were the female inmates in Kaduna prisons. This was because the female inmates were in a better position to furnish the researcher with the information needed on the socio-economic correlation of female criminality in Nigeria. The result of the study showed that women in Kaduna state committed crimes traditionally attributed to women in the literature, such as stealing and fighting. There were indications that women were getting involved in traditional male crimes such as armed robbery and attempted murder and some actually committed murder. The findings showed that even though female criminality was on the increase, a comparison of the ender distribution of prisoners showed that they were very much underrepresented in the criminal population of the state.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page – – – – – – – – – – i
Declaration – – – – – – – – – ii
Certification – – – – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – – v
Abstract – – – – – – – – – – vii
Table of Contents – – – – – – – – viii
List of Tables – – – – – – – – – x
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – 1
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 General overview – – – – – – – 7
2.1 Perception of crime – – – – – – – 7
2.2 Gender and criminality – – — – – – 10
2.3 Growth in female crime – – – – – – 11
2.4 Theoretical framework- – – — – – – 13
2.5 Appraisal of literature reviewed – – – – – 24
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.4 The population and the sample – – – – – 27
3.5 Problems encountered – – – – – – 28
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION
4.0 Introduction- – – – – – – – – 30
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEDATION
5.3 Recommendations – – – – – – – 48
Bibliography – – – – – – – – 50
Questionnaire – – – – – – – – – 52
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1: shows respondents’ demographic data – – – 31
Table 4.2: showing occupational background of respondents – 33
Table 4.3: showing individuals responsible for the
inmate’s upbringing. – – – – – – – 35
Table 4.4: showing whether the inmates depended on their
family for sustenance. – – – – – – – 35
Table 4.5: showing whether inmates were employed in a
formal sector – – – – – – – – 36
Table 4.6: inmate income per month – – – – – 37
Table 4.7: showing types of offences committed by the inmates – 38
Table 4.8: showing factors that influenced the inmates – – 39
Table 4.9: year of imprisonment – – – – – – – 40
Table 4.10: showing the criminal status of the prison inmates – 41
Table 4.11: showing whether the inmates regretted their actions 42
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Traditionally, it has been argued that there has been so little research interested in the area of female criminality due to the fact that the number of females offenders have been so small and insignificant. But statistics alone is not sufficient to explain why female offenders are not treated as a social problem, (Smart Carol, 1976). If women are for some reasons less prone to participate in deviant activities than men, there is hardly a reason to omit them from consideration (Giddens 1997).
The non-challant attitudes towards the investigation of female criminality could be that the male gender has always been associated with criminal acts.
Male criminals such as terrorists, drug users etc are treated as rational, autonomous adults who have reasons for engaging in deviant or anti-social activities. Thus, a female thief is mentally unbalanced or her chemistry is disturbed or her husband made her to do it (Delmont 1980).
However, recent researchers like Giddens, Datesman, and Scarpiti have shown that women also commit criminal acts. Most of what we know about crime is based on prosecutions and convictions and it is not impossible that women commit large number of crimes for which they are not persecuted or convicted.
Female criminality and delinquency are becoming more serious and more of a threat to the social order in Nigeria. The rate at which women are involved in criminal activities makes one stop to wonder what is really happening to the women folk.
Women are known to occupy the natural position in inculcating moral values in children, but with the rising trend in involvement of women in criminal activities, one is left to wonder the kind of future generation we will have as the engagement of the women is criminal activities makes them fail in carrying out their roles as the guardians of morality in our society.
For example, what would a mother with criminal tendencies do to her children or wards who indulge in criminal activities, since she is into it herself? Of course she’ll not see anything bad in what the children or wards do, thus crime permeates the whole society.
1.2 GROWTH OF FEMALE CRIMINALITY
According to Hauwau E. Yusuf, (2002) The general socio-economic condition that nurtured the increase in crime rates generally in the post independence era equally have the necessary impetus for the growth of female criminality in the country. Prior to that and amongst other factors, the difficulty in securing farmland in the rural areas brought about the migration of women to the urban centers. However, with the oil boom; this took a new dimension. It could be recalled that this phenomenon induced the expansion of the urban wage sector. The doubling of urban areas in the space of few years seemed to offer women more opportunities and hope for a better future. In addition to this, increased money in circulation in the urban areas have woman with no formal education the opportunity to take out a living form trading. What is more, expansion of infrastructure and the need for more manpower in the oil dominated economy resulted in women, who had formal education finding some employment in both the public and private sectors as clerical workers, secretaries, nurses and teachers. They even found their way into jobs which were exclusively male preserved such as lawyers, journalists, administrators, university teachers etc. (Oloruntimein, 1982). These increased opportunities, though still low when compared with those of men, contributed to the growth of female criminality. Inspite of this, it must be stressed that women formed a large chunk of temporary workers and are the first to be laid off in times of economic crisis and refreshment. Majority of them are employed in the service sector (both public and private), with only a minority employed in the manufacturing industry like pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food processing companies. They equally man the pumps at petrol stations, sorting of mails in post offices, cooking and serving the food at restaurants. (Hauwau E. Yusuf, 2002)
The general objective of the study was to describe the extend and type of female involvement in crime and analyse the types of crime in which women have been most visible. Specifically the study tried to:-
The importance of the study is to redirect the line of explanation of female criminality. One does not need to be a feminist to assert that we live in a male dominated world. This is even more so far African were the image of the male still loom large in perception of issues, action and even the nature and type of research to be conducted. There is no saying that apart from most researches being male influenced, they are equally male dominated, with issue relating to women relegated to the background or taking a second place after those of the men.
However, even in the advance and industrialization nation of the world most especially in America, until recently, very little had been written about female offenders. What is more, fewer degree of advancement in education and intellectual development such nations are just focusing their search lit on involvement of female in crime, then for underdeveloped (developing countries like Nigeria, one would expect that such effort is also in its formative stage. Therefore, a research of nature is justified in other to fill the obvious gap in the attention paid to female criminality particularly in relation to the available current literature and how the prevailing condition in the society could lead to female criminality. (Hauwau E.Yusuf,2002).
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THE PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY SOCIAL WORKERS IN SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE
(A case study of Selected social welfare centres)
ABSTRACT
In totality the project is concerning the problem encountered by social workers in social work practice. In details, this project consists of five chapters, the first chapter is the introduction part were the researcher highlights the background, aims, objectives and significance of the study as well as research question. Constitute the chapter one, second chapter the researcher review the different contribution made by authors about the problems encountered by social workers in social work practice. The third chapter is the research methodology, while four the last chapter the research presented and analysis of data base on the questionnaire filled by the respondents. The last chapter is the researcher summarized the whole project in details, draw to conclusion as well as recommendations by the researcher. I therefore, believe this project will allow the government and general public to recognize and understand the importance and problems faces by social workers in social work practice in this country.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page- – – – – – – – – – i
Declaration – – – – – – – – – ii
Approval pages – – – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgement- – – – – – – – vi
Abstract – – – – – – – – – viii
Table of content – – – – – – – – ix
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction – – – – – – – 1
1.1 Background of the study – – – – – 1
1.2 Statement of the problem – – – – – 4
1.3 Scope of the study – – – – – – 4
1.4 Aims and objectives – – — – – – 5
1.5 Research questions – – — — – — 6
1.6 Significant of the study – – – – – – 7
CHAPTER TWO
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Methodology – – – — – – – 17
Introduction – – – – – – – – 17
CHAPTER FOUR
Data Presentation and Analysis
Introduction – – – – – – – – 20
4.1 Analysis of bio-data – – – – – – – 20
4.2 Research questions – – – – – – 23
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Reference – – – – – – – – 35
Appendix – – – – – – – – 37
CHAPTER ONE
Although social work practice in Nigerian is gradually growing group, the rate of development acceptance of any reformation is very slow, social work is still growing in Nigeria.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
For years now, social work practice department in this country, had laid make emphasis on the correction of juvenile delinquents and vagrants, and sometimes organizers of youth clubs/association and sports, in fact this is part of their work but the function of social welfare department is to help the poor and the needy in their bit to survivor, it is also to help problems that brought about by environment of social change.
The welfare are therefore, meant toward those who cannot meet up with the challenges (new social changes), there are several services offered in the state and these include conciliation rehabilitation and general welfare, these includes married couples with marital problems, victims of mental and physical distress or handicapped etc. others includes services for children is of service to children with social workers, investigation are carried out by social workers with the aim of helping the court to determine the type of treatments to be made. The social welfare agency also are responsible for looking after abandoned babies and making proper arrangement to find foster parents for them or placing them in children’s home services to family in distress is another and these involves family case work practice. The social workers tries to discourage family disintegration and endeavour when ever possible i.e. to affect matrimonial reconciliation, this involves many persuasion and many difficulties are often encountered, service for the handicapped, disable person and baggers and these also mainly rehabilitate the unfortunate people.
At present there are five rehabilitation centres in Kaduna state the centres and were they are situated are Kakuri, Barnawa, Sabon Tasha and Magajin Gari, within Kaduna metropolis, to the low recognition or piece meal given to social welfare services department in this country social workers can not provide these above mentioned services. Effectively thus most of our social policy and planning fails.
This research work is from observation and interaction with the staffs at the agency (social welfare magin gari Kaduna state) during my SIWES attachment and it became evidence that in the agency, work is slow, cases that suppose to be brought to social welfare are been taken to the police, also there is need for workshops and seminars.
The study is restricted to finding out the problems encountered by social workers in social work practice. The study limits the collection of data to selected social welfare centre magajin gari and social welfare office magajin gari and also the social welfare office sabon tasha Kaduna state.
The findings of this study was gotten from observation and interaction with staffs of the agency during my industrial training fund (I.T.F) attachment social development encompasses, child welfare, rehabilitation etc. but it will only focus on the problems encountered by social workers in social work practice.
The general objectives of this study is to identify the problems encountered by social workers in social work practice in magajin gari, local government social welfare office Kaduna and social welfare office Sabon Tasha Kaduna state.
The specific objectives includes
The pattern of social welfare work in Nigeria has witnessed many changes in the last decade. The inexperience men previously see social welfare agency as rendering family services alone such as children maintenance allowance. Child dispate and maltreatment or handling wives by their respective husbands. But due to rapid public awareness, many stored appreciating the scope of the services rendered by the agency. These include among others, child care, hospital services, probation, family welfare, youth and prison welfare services respectively.
This project will enable the authority concerned and the populace to understand and appreciate the importance and problems encountered by the social welfare agencies in this country.
The social workers will benefit from these study in the source that it will help and make them know were they are lagging behind.
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THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF WOMEN AND CHILD TRAFFICKING
ABSTRACT
The project aimed at observing the level of child and women being trafficking on the society.
Chapter one gives the historical background of Nigeria immigration service, the scope and general aims and specific objective carried out in this project.
Chapter two describe the statistical tools used in the project and how these tools should be used. Also the literature review is included.
Chapter three present the method of data collection, problem and presentation.
Chapter four shows the analysis of the data collection using the statistical tools discussed in chapter two.
The last chapter, chapter five gives the conclusion drawn based on the analysis carried out in chapter four and the recommendations of the researcher.
TABLE OF CONTENT
ITEMS PAGES
TITLE PAGE I
APPROVAL PAGE II
DECLARATION III
DEDICATION IV
ABSTRACT V
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi – vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 2
1.3 HUMAN TRAFFICKING AND CHILD LABOR 2
1.4 SCOPE OF COVERAGE 3
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2.2 STATISTICAL TOOLS 9
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 METHODOLOGY 14
3.2 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION 14
3.3 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN DATA COLLECTION 17
3.4 DATA PRESENTATION 18
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 DATA ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION 27
5.2 RECOMMENDATION 27
REFERENCE 28
CHAPTER ONE
Human trafficking as a new trend meriminelity is often referred to as “modern day slavery”. Some people call it “the exploitation of the vulnerability of a person by a mother, having control over such person or for mainly exploitative purpose or financial gains, the manner of such exploitation very from force labor to sexual exploitation. Child labor and domestic slave force to obey another person all acts felt pity than love to slavery with money being the propelling factor for perpetrating such acts. There are internal and across the border trafficking.
Child labor refers to the use of children of school age, normally bellow the age of 18years working to earn a living under conditions that impair their physical, cognitive emotional mental and social development and which also deprives them of opportunity for recreational activities and privileges of childhood.
This new dimension of crime is solid to be organized and studies have revealed that, there are syndicates (middlemen/women) that specialize in perpetrating the crime.
Trafficking is a violation of fundamental human right.
Trafficking in persons is a global problem affecting large numbers of children some estimate have as many as 1.2 million children being trafficked every year. There is a demand for trafficked children as cheap labor or for sexual exploitation. Children and their families are then unaware of the dangers of trafficking believing that better unemployment all lives lay in other countries of the world like Germany, Nigeria, Japan, and Italy.
For the research to be meaningful and valid there should be a clearly defined objective of such survey aim at follow
They are negative social vices prevalent in our societies in Nigeria intect in some communities people see nothing or at best little wrong about them. This is for the simple reason that the unwanted social acts are intertwined with their society way of living for example in Edo state trafficking in women especially young girls to Europe for prostitution is a common practice like wise in southern Kaduna the practice of giving our children (both male and female) for domestic labour as house – help is a common phenomenon such properties are in view of money being means of additional income to pass privileged parents. In the case of northern Kaduna the child labour prevent in the area is in the form of hawking wares by children (both male and female) in stead of going to school or begging by street sides all in the name of assisting parents economically.
All this junction, it is pertinent to define what human trafficking is in child labour for greater conceptualization side looking at factor behind them ase well as their legal implications to the nation.
The scope of this project research is to view the rate of human and child that has being involve in trafficking information from Nigeria immigration service, Antihuman trafficking unit Kaduna command.
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THE EFFECT OF STREET HAWKING AMONG TEENAGE GIRLS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page …………………………………………………………….. i
Declaration …………………………………………………………….. ii
Approval …………………………………………………………….. iii
Dedication ………………………………………………………….…. iv
Acknowledgement ………………………………………………….….. v
Table of content ………………………………………………….…… vi
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction
1.1 Background of the study ………………………………………… 1
1.2 Purpose of the study ……………………………………….… 4
1.3 Significance of the study ………………………………………… 4
1.4 Scope and Limitation of the study ………………………………. 5
1.5 Definition of terms ………………………………………………. 5
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review
2.1 The Concept of Human Trafficking …………………………..…. 6
2.2 The Context of Human Trafficking …………………………….… 9
2.3 Purposes and Causes of Trafficking ………………………………. 11
2.4 Legal Instruments for Human Trafficking in Nigeria ……………… 12
2.6 Some of the Prosecuted Crimes of Human Trafficking in Nigeria .. 28
CHAPTER THREE: Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations
3.1 Summary ………………………………………………………….. 20
3.2 Conclusion ……………………………………………………..… 22
3.3 Recommendations …………………………………………………. 22
References …………………………………………………………. 24
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Nigeria, the most populous black nation in the world with an estimated population of about 140 million people (2006, Census), is endowed with abundant human and natural resources like oil, tin, limestone, zinc, natural gas, good vegetation and climate which varies from being equatorial in the South, tropical in the centre and arid in the north. This great country, 3rd world largest producer of crude oil has about 5.3% annual growth rate but it is estimated that 70% of Nigerians live in poverty (Tola, 2008).
The above features are legacies of decades of prolonged military rules coupled with mis-management and corruption, which have daily impoverished the people and made them “beggers” of a sort amidst plenty. This act of misrule has increased anti-social behaviour amongst the populace. Sadly, the quest for material wealth at all cost has introduced a new dimension of wealth creation into the psyche of Nigerians-which is street hawking.
Street hawking is the third largest criminal activity in the world after arms and drug trafficking (Tola, 2008). In the last decade, the phenomenon of street hawking has considerably increased throughout the world and most especially in Nigeria. Every year, million of individuals, mostly female are misled by decot or forced to submit to servitude.
The UN convention Against Transnational orgainsed crime (2000) defined street hawking as follows; “the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, of abuse of power, giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person for the purpose of exploitation” “exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs”
ANPPCAN (2010) sees street hawking as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, habouring or receipt of female by means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of power, a position of vulnerability or the giving or receiving of payments, benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over the child for the pupose of exploitation.
Research evidence shows that female are trafficked for the purpose of domestic services, prostitution and other forms of exploitative labour (UNICEF, 2007). These has been a serious concern about the cause of street hawking in Africa as a whole and Nigeria as a country in particular.
UNICEF (2007) has identified poverty, large family size, rapid urbanization among others as the major factor why many Nigeria female are vulnerable to trafficking. Parents with large family are often prone to those traffickers deceit in giving away some of their female to city residents or even strangers promising a better life for them. Trafficking deprives child victims the privilege to exercise their wide range of rights, including the right to belong and identify, the right to freedom, education among others. ANPPCAN(2010).
As a result of this, the study on the causes, effects and remedies of street hawking in Nigeria is worth pursuing. It is hoped that the findings of this study will provide meaningful information as to the stoppage of the act in Nigeria and Africa as a whole.
Female living in rural areas in Nigeria often lack access to quality education, good health and other basic needs which make their parents to entrust them in the hands of other family members who are financially upright to help them train their female.
However, this custom has been abused by those family members or relatives because of the exposure of these female to hazardous work, prostitution and other forms of inhuman activities.
This act posses a serious challenges to the growth of the Nigerian society, economically, socially and politically.
1.2 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study is:
i. To look at the origin and development of street hawking in Nigeria
ii. To examine the causes of street hawking in Nigeria
iii. To analyse the effects of street hawking in Nigeria, socially, politically and economically
iv. To profer solutions to the problems of street hawking in Nigeria.
1.3 Significance of the Study
This study will be of great importance, as it will provide necessary information on the causes, effects and remedies to street hawking in Nigeria. It will also provide further research in combating trafficking in Nigeria. The study will also be useful for further purposes and for further researches into street hawking within and outside the country.
1.4 Scope and Limitation of the Study
The study will be restricted to the causes and effects of street hawking in Nigeria. Solution to the problems of street hawking will also be sought in the cause of this research. This research focuses on the causes, effects and remedies of street hawking in Nigeria but due to finance, time and other factors.
1.5 Operational Definition of Terms
Child: Child in this study means any person less than eighteen years of age
Trafficking: The recruitment, transfer, harbouring, or receipt of a child for the purpose of exploitation.
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THE EFFECT OF GENDER INEQUALITY ON WOMEN EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY (A STUDY OF MONROVIA STREET, UNGUWAN RIMI – KADUNA)
ABSTRACT
The issue of gender inequality is one which has been publicly reverberating through society for decades. The problem of inequality in employment being one of the most pressing issues today in order to examine this situation, one must try to get to the root of the problem and must understand the sociological factors that cause women to have much more difficult time getting the same benefits wages and job opportunities or their male counterparts therefore, this research work will examine the inequalities in policy, actual teaching situations, admission to post-secondary institution, hiring and job benefit and wages, it will also tackle what is being done to solve this problem and what can be done to remedy the situation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page – – – – – – – – – – i
Declaration – – – – – – – – – ii
Approval page – – – – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgment – – – – – – – – v
Abstract – – – – – – – – – – vi
Table of Contents – – – – – – – – vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY – – – – – 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM – – – – – 3
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY – – – – – – 3
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY – – – – – 4
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS – – – – – – 5
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY – – – – – – – 5
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.0 INTRODUCTION – – – – – – – – 6
2.1 THE CONCEPT OF GENDER INEQUALITY – – – 8
2.2 TYPES OF GENDER INEQUALITIES – – – – 10
2.3 THE EFFECT OF GENDER INEQUALITY ON WOMEN EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES – – – – – – – – 13
2.4 MEASURES TO SOLVE GENDER INEQUALITY – – – 16
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 INTRODUCTION – – – – – – – – 17
3.1 POPULATION OF THE STUDY – – – – – 18
3.2 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION – – – – – 19
3.3 TECHNIQUE OF DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS – 19
3.4 DATA ANALYSIS – – – – – – – – 21
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.0 INTRODUCTION – – – – – – – – 22
4.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS – – – – 22
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 SUMMARY – – – – – – – – – 30
5.2 CONCLUSION – – – – – – – – 30
5.3 RECOMMENDATION – – – – – – – 31
REFERENCES – – – – – – – – – 33
APPENDIX – – – – – – – – – – 34
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The issue of gender inequality is one which has been publicly reverberally through society for decades. The problem of inequality in employment being one of the most pressing issues today, in order to examine this situation, one must try to get to the root of the problem and must understand the sociological factors that cause women to have a much more difficult time getting the same benefit, wages and job opportunities as their male counterpart. The society in which we live has been shaped historically makes the policy makers have consistently been male and it is important to examine all facts of the problem, but in order to fully tackle the issue on most recognize that this inequality in the work force is rooted in what shape future employees and employers – education. The research work will examine the inequalities in policy, actual teaching situations, admission to post-secondary institution, hiring and job benefits and wages, the situation will also tackle was is being done to solve this problem and what can be done to remedy the situation.
Monrovia Street is an area situated in Ungwan Rimi Gabasawa ward under Kaduna North Local Government with a total of least populated area in Gabasawa ward which is more or less like a GRA consist of civil servants, students and businessmen and women etc. the population has made up different tribe such as Hausa, Yoruba, Gwari, Igbo, Nupe, Katab, etc.
Those living in Monrovia are predominantly civil servants that is 80% of people are said to have gainfully employed either by government or private sectors. And of 20% of them are engaged in commercial activities ranging from trading, tailoring, hair dressing, etc out of which 15% where engaged by men only 5% is engaged by women base on the research.
I found that women were left behind in time of gainful employment as well as commercial activities in the area. In view of above a lot is expected to be done to bridge the gap between the two genders.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Men and Women are both equal and both play vital roles in the creation and development of their families in particular and the society in general indeed; the struggle for legal equality has been one of the major concerns of women movement all over the world. Therefore, the sense of insecurity, humiliation and helplessness always keep a woman mum our whole socialization in such that for any unsuccessful marriage which results the who is held responsible. Cultural beliefs and traditions that discriminate against women may be officially discredited but they continued to flourish at the grassroots level, this has been main of this research work.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To find out factors responsible for low employment opportunities of women.
2. To find out the effort of Government towards reducing gender inequality.
3. To examine the implication of gender inequality in the society.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
A research of this nature has to do with gender issues must be of great significance. Gender inequality in terms of employment opportunities, home management and other issues are very critical. Therefore, this research will be of significance in the following areas:
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What are the factors responsible for low employment opportunities of women?
2. What are the efforts of government towards reducing gender inequality?
3. What are the implications of gender inequality in the society?
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
In carrying out the research work, the researcher chose Monrovia Street as area of study and focused on gender inequality on women employment opportunities restricted the finding in the above area.
And most of whom he asked question were women because they are most hit by poverty and vitracy and dominated in terms of wages, salaries and other commercial activities.
In view of the above, the researcher promoted to focus more attention on women in order to find out why the inequality exist and look for a way to find solution and unless something various is done by the government to control the problem.
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TEENAGE PREGNANCY AND HOW IT AFFECTS THE EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF OUR TEENAGERS (A study of Kaura Local Government Area of Kaduna State.)
ABSTRACT
The main concern of this study was to final out the teenage pregnancy and how it affects the educational development of our teenagers in Kaura Local Government Area of Kaduna state. The study emphasized on the factor behind teenage pregnancy in the local government. The study revealed that teenage pregnancy is as a result of the following, teenage girls having relationship with older male counterparts, watching pornographic films without adult guidance, giving them out in marriage to prevent them from prostituting inadequate information on sex education. The study indicated that despite the attitudes parents towards teaching of sex education, there were some problems, which need to be seriously looked into by the Kaduna state government, such as the inclusion of sex education at home or at school. The study also emphasized on the attitudes of the local government area on the concept on teenage pregnancy and it was discovered by the researcher that sex education is need in the Nation’s school in view of the current incidence of teenage pregnancies, child abandonment, illegal abortion, rape and sexually transmitted diseases.
Title page – – – – – – – – – i
Declaration – – – – – – – – – ii
Approval page – – – – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgement- – – – – – – – v
Abstract – – – – – – – – – – vi
Table of contents – – – – – – – – vii
List of tables – – – – – – – – – ix
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction- – – – – – – – – 1
1.1 Statement of the problem – – – – – 3
CHAPTER TWO – Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE –Research Methodology
CHAPTER FOUR – Presentation and Analysis of Data
Respondents Demographic Information – – – 19
Questions – – – – – – – – 21
CHAPTER FIVE – Summary, Conclusion & Recommendations
5.0 Summary – – – – — – – – 29
References – – – – – – – – 33
Appendix A – – – – – – – – – 34
Appendix B – – – – – – – – – 35
LIST OF TABLES
| TABLE 1: Respondent’s Name Of District TABLE 2: Respondent’s Sex TABLE 3: Respondent’s Age TABLE 4: Respondent’s view on free assess to pornographic films without the presence of adult guidance on sex education causes teenage pregnancy TABLE 5: Respondent’s view on teenage pregnancy occur as a result of relationship with older male counterparts TABLE 6: Respondent’s view on does cultural upbringing and religious inclination affect teenage pregnancy TABLE 7: Respondent’s view on does teenage pregnancy affect young girls performance in school TABLE 8: Respondent’s view on are there adequate knowledge and proper guidance on teenage pregnancy TABLE 9: Respondent’s view on teenage girls should not be given sex education before they reach maturity TABLE 10: Respondent’s view on it is Immoral to talk About Sex TABLE 11: Respondent’s view on reproductive organs of teenage girls should be allowed to mature before given them out in marriage TABLE 12: Respondent’s view on early marriage are contracted to prevent teenage girls from prostituting TABLE 13: Respondent’s view on teenage pregnancy encourages early marriage and early fertility TABLE 14: Respondent’s view on teenage pregnancy imposes a permanent damage or disadvantage to the victim. | 21 22 22 23 24 24 25 26 26 27 |
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Baldwin (1950) viewed teenage stage, as a period where reactivation of the `sexual drives that has been inactive during the latency period. He said teenagers are on the boundary between childhood and adulthood and they are faced with the choice of a whole way of life in terms of their job, their ethics and so forth. He further said that to find this in the face of many alternative roles, individuals must decide what they want to do and whether they are able to do it, they must take responsibility for decisions that may shape the rest of their life or destroy it. And to take this independent step, persons need a real sense of identity of their own worth as individuals and their esteem and he said our culture does not make it easy for our teenagers to take this step in life.
Watson and Lindgren (1979) gave the definition of a teenager simply as the period or stage of development that separates childhood from adulthood. They said it is also difficult to indicate the limits of a teenager; at what point does it begins and what point does it end, they said the characteristics of a teenager first shows themselves about 10, 11, or 12 years of age with the subtle changes In behaviour and appearance, then it becomes most obvious at puberty with the start of the menstrual cycle in girls.
Longman dictionary of contemporary English (1995) gave a definition of pregnancy as the period of time when a woman is pregnant while pregnant on the other hand having an unborn baby growing inside an individuals body. So therefore, teenage pregnancy is a period of time by which a girl is carrying or having an unborn baby growing inside her womb.
World Health Organization (2004) opined that a teenager is a person between 15-19 years of age, they said it is a period where an individual is shaped and prepared for adulthood responsibilities they said also that there are advantages and disadvantages of teenage pregnancy or having a baby at ones teenage stage, they went ahead to say that when you are younger the benefits are usually associated with greater fertility a more healthy pregnancy and a quicker recovery after birth. But the down side is that your social life, education and training can be severely disrupted just when it might be taking off into an interesting direction. Moreso, they said some teenagers are much more capable of looking after a child than the older women because late motherhood or late pregnancy has a greater risk of complications in the pregnancy and reduce fertility. Being older, they said can also be more exhausting looking after growing children.
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study was concerned with the advantages and disadvantages of teenage pregnancy in Kaura Local Government Area of Kaduna State. For clarity of purposes:-
1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Teenage pregnancy has continued to be a major concern not to Kaduna teenage girls only but also to Nigeria at large. This study may then serve as a pioneer efforts towards the understanding of teenage pregnancy to Kaura Local Government Area. The result of the study may help policy makers particularly, educational planners in Kaduna State to design more appropriate instructional Programmes on teenage pregnancy.
The result of the study may also help to highlight some of the diseases that are associated with teenage pregnancy like Vesico Virgina Fistular (VVF) and Rector Virgina fistular (RVF). The study may also provide the basis for further research on teenage pregnancy.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.4 DELIMITATION
At the time of the study there were a thousand staff working with Kaura local government area. These were: four hundred (400) were senior staff, three hundred(300) were junior staff and the rest were messengers, cleaners and security men.
However, this study was limited to two(2) areas in Kaura local government area.
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IMPACT OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES IN NIGERIA
(A CASE STUDY OF UNITED BANK FOR AFRICA. UBA)
ABSTRACT
The study looked into the social responsibility of commercial banks in Nigeria With particular reference to metropolis. United Bank for Africa (UBA) was used as a case study as would be seen in chapter four. The research is geared towards finding the extent commercials banks are responsive to social responsibilities in the environments they operate and how the government encourages them in carrying such responsibilities I actual sense. The treatment of corporate social responsibility is very complex either in theory or practice. There have been problems ranging from conceptual definition to application, problem of enforcement etc. these problems have surfaced in the Nigerian context very widely. It is the intention of this study therefore to identify the facets of corporate social responsibility, to identify being socially responsible and see the role of the government towards regulating such responses. The questionnaire and verbal interview conducted with the official of the bank shows appreciate contribution on their part towards their social responsibility, they however, noted that the welfare and health of the people is the responsibility of the government. The satisfied with the level of cooperation received from various groups contacted in the course of writing the project hence the contribution of this to the good quality of the work. Also believed this work will assist as well as other interested members of the public. Finally, the problems were critically analysed hence useful suggestions and recommendations were made.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title- – – – – – – – — – – – i
Declaration – – – – – – – – – – ii
Certification – – – – – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – – v
Abstract – – – – – – – – – – – vi
Table of contents – – – – – – – – – vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction/Background- — — – – – – 1
1.1 Statement of general problem – – – – – – 6
1.2 Objective of the Study – – – — – – – 8
1.3 Scope of the Study – – – – – – – – 9
1.4 Significance of the study – – – – – – 9
1.5 Hypothesis – – – – – – – – – 10
1.6 Definition of Terminologies- – – – – – – 10
CHAPTER TWO – Review or Related Literature
2.1 Introduction – – – – – – – 12
2.2 Literature Review – – – – – – – 12
2.3 Summary – – – – – – – – – 27
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Introduction – – – – — – – – 31
3.2 Research Design – – – – – – – 31
3.3 Population of the study – – – – – – 32
3.4 Sample Size – – – — – – – – 32
3.5 Method of data Collection – – – – – – 32
3.5 Method of Data Analysis – – – – – 33
CHAPTER FOUR – Presentation and Analysis of Data
4.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – 34
4.2 Data Presentation – – – – – – – 34
4.3 Data Analysis – – – – – – – – 38
4.4 Findings of the Study – – – – – – – 41
4.5 Summary – – – – – – – – – 42
CHAPTER FIVE – Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations
5.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – 44
5.2 Summary – – – – – – – – – 44
5.3 Conclusion – – – – – – – – 45
5.4 Limitations of the study – – – – – – 47
5.5 Recommendations – – – – – – – 48
References
CHAPTER ONE
No one question has received attention by businesses, government, politicians and people in general in the past few years than probably the question of what the social responsibility of business should be. This question, though originally aimed at profit oriented business in now being posed to non-profit oriented business institution in the society; Universities, hospital governmental agencies, charitable organization etc. are all increasingly being confronted with similar demand and being attacked for not assuring responsibility for society’s ills and problems. As society awakens and become vocal with respect to the urgency of social problems is asking the managers of all kinds of organizations particularly those at the top as to what they are doing to discharge their social responsibility and why they are not doing more.
About decade ago, a broad movement probably of an evolutionary nature began in the utilized countries of the world. It is movement to take institutions particularly business institutions more responsive to human needs. The business firm is thus caught up in the stream of events as it is being pressed by public sentiment and legislative and regulatory action to respond to issue beyond its traditional task of producing and distributing goods and services at a profit.
Traditionally, managers of business enterprises have been asked by society to concentrate on using efficiently the resources at their disposal to produce goods and services that customers wanted at agreed prices, they were willing to pay, maximize profits. But today, businesses are being asked to contribute more to the quality of life.
In discussing and analyzing commercial Banks and social responsibility in Nigeria, the emphasis is not on what commercial bank should or might do to tackle and solve problems of society, rather than problems of their employees, shareholders and customers. The concept of social responsibility for social and political goals and that they became the keepers of society’s concern and not merely keepers of society’s financial resources. The emphasis is on the contributions banks can make to such social problems and social issues as support of education, health and medical care, support for disables and unemployed persons, than maintenance and restoration of the physical environment, improving public transportation and involvement in community development (e.g. borehole construction, children park, local market construction etc)
It is pertinent to point out that the, social demands on business have been and will continue to increase significantly and the role of business firms in the society.
The amount of attention give not the area of social responsibility by both management and society has increased in recent years and probably will continue to increase in the future.
Background of the Study
The modern commercial banking dates bank to the colonial period during which Nigerians was under the political administration of Britain. It is not surprising therefore that the banking scene was dominated by British banks which were affiliates of the leading banks in United Kingdom.
Banking began in Nigeria in 1892 “under the initiative of foreign investors, when the Elder Dumpster lines, a shipping company started some form of banking business in the country to facilitate to own transactions. By 1894, what was then the bank of British West Africa, later Standard Bank Ltd, and now First Bank of Nigeria plc, became the first to establish banking business in Nigeria. It remained the sole bank until 1917 when later colonial bank, later Barclays Bank of Nigeria limited and now Union bank of Nigeria Plc, open branches in the country. The British and French Bank now United bank for Africa affiliate of the banquet Nationale Pour’le Commerceetl’ Industries, a large French banking establishment, came in 1947 to make the third expatriate bank which dominated early Nigeria commercial banking. Together the banks controlled close to 90% aggregate bank deposit.
The indigenously owned commercial banks were of more recent origin, from 1914 to the early 1930’s several abortive attempts were made to establish locally owned and managed banks to break the foreign monopoly in banking many of these attempts were unsuccessfully due to under capitalization, poor management over expansion, and aggressive competition from expatriate banks.
The first ill-fated bank, the industrial and commercial bank, set up in 1929, went under in 1930 in 1931 the Nigerian Mercantile Bank was established, and dissolved in 1936. national Bank of Nigeria was set up in 1933, which turned out to be the 1st indigenous banks to survive but died down in 1990 the next private indigenous banks to be established were the Agbonmagbe Bank in 1945. the bank survived until 1969 when its assets were taken over by the then western state government and its named charged to Wema Bank
The fifth bank, the Nigeria penny Banks, setup in the early forties collapsed in 1946. African continental bank Plc came into being in 1947 and the bank of the North (now Unity Bank) was established in 1961 all the other commercial and cooperative banks were established in the later sixties or early seventies all of then being wholly owned by Nigeria institution and industrials.
The period 1892 -1952 is perhaps remembered as the period of free for all banking with no licensing required and no regulation of any sort to restrict and control the establishment and operation of a Bank. The Banking industry did not come under any regulation until the bank ordinance of 1952. besides the 1952 Bank ordinance and its amendment in 1958 the banking (amendment) Act of 1962, and the banking decree of the 1970’s took several actions to put the banking practices and operation on a sound footing. The banking ordinance of 1958, which established the central Bank of Nigeria marked the turning point in government efforts to harness the activities of the banks for national development. This, it could be said that, the legislative control of banking activity was triggered by the crises associated with the early history of banking in Nigeria.
The number of commercial Banks and their branch offices has increased tremendously. Today there are many banks in the country although some of them are merchant and development banks.
The dichotomy between indigenous and expatriate commercial banks which was very distinct in the 1960 had been significantly blurred capital of the expatriate banks in the 80’s they have now been sold wholly to the public by government disinvestments through privatization and commercialization. These privatization and commercialization of the banks, which had started as private banks, has helped significantly to put those banks on a stronger forting to play their role in the development of the economy.
Commercial banking is a business and as in any other business. Its management chief concern is to make profit. So the first task is to make the institution, whether business, hospital or Academic institution perform the function and make contribution for the sake of which it exists. But the institutions performance of its specific mission is also society’s first need and interest. Society does not stand to gain but loose if the performance capacity of the institution in its own specific task is diminished or impaired performance of its function is therefore the institution first social responsibility.
Commercial banks look upon their business as one of primarily attracting deposits and other funds by offering financial services. Banks collect their deposits from private individuals, public and private companies and governments. The funds thus collected are used to make loans and investments at higher rates of return.
Banking this is basically a services industry that offers financial services to the participants (governments, private and public companies individuals). In other words, banks are keepers of society’s financial resources.
The poor state of services offered by some commercial banks in Nigeria, such as irregular rendering of bank statement or the rending of wrong statements, the delay of clearing cheque ledger. Failure to receive proper guidance or reliable advice, the untidy conditions and endless queues at banking halls and numerous other frustrating and agonizing experience of customers generate dissatisfaction with the bank.
This points out clearly that the society is dissatisfied with some bank basic service function not to talk of their involvement in social programmes. There for the research work will try to examine the extent to which commercial banks involve in social responsibility, how when and where does it expand this responsibility.
The purpose of this study includes the following:-
1. To examine the extent of social responsibility of commercial Banks.
2. To determine the causes for lack of adequate social responsible action
3. To offer suggestions as to how the institution can be improved.
The scope of any study refers to the extent (coverage) a research work focuses or limited to. However, the student intends to limit his study to Commercial Bank and social responsibility with a particular reference of selected Commercial Bank within Kaduna metropolis, i.e. United Bank for Africa (UBA).
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The researcher intends to carryout the study based on selected commercial Banks in Nigeria, so that to investigate their social responsibility to the society.
The researcher is also intending to alert the community, against the social responsibility and its impact to development of Nigeria. And effective investigation should be carryout, and highlighted to the Commercial Banks of Nigeria regarded to their responsibility, to the benefits of the societies.
Therefore, this study is expected to assist the society to achieve maximum development i.e. construction of infrastructure and social amenities.
1.6 HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis is formulated as a starting point of this study.
H0: That commercial banks in Nigeria are not adequately socially responsible.
Hi: That commercial banks in Nigeria are adequately socially, responsible.
In the course of the study some operational definitions were used which are to be seen strictly and mainly in the height of this study.
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KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF STUDENTS TOWARDS HIV AIDS
CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Sex is a basic physiological need of every human being, male and females are created with different class, to serve as a compliment for each other, this complementary role includes sex, therefore a man and a woman are expected to engage in sexual relationship. This sexual relationship has over the years been mixed by various infections known as the sexual transmitted diseases (STDs).
These STDs are in various forms and their effects are also different. One among such STDs is Human Immune Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/ AIDS). These two STDs are the most dangerous and ravaging of the STDs.
In 1981, HIV the virus of an illness (AIDS),was identified in Los Angeles, USA. In December of the same year, A similar virus was seen in Britain. By March 1987, nearly 6,000 cases were reported throughout Europe. It is one of the most serious health problems in the world today.
Though, the origin of HIV/ AIDS is said to be not in Africa, Africa has the highest number of casualties compared to other continents. Nigeria first witnessed the bitter taste of HIV/AIDS was identified in April 1986 in a girl of 13 years. All age groups are affected, but it is higher among the 20-24 years age group, with a national prevalence of 5.6%. This age group is followed by the 25 and 29 years old with a 5.4% national prevalence. And ever since then the number of cases have escalated beyond imagination and millions of Nigerians are living with the disease, in which the cure is yet to be discovered.
HIV/AIDS has various symptoms, which includes body weakness, constant and excessive cough, stooling, lost of body weight, rashness etc there are also various means of contacting this disease which may include, sexual relation with an infected person, for example through vaginal intercourse, oral sex and anal sex. Other means of getting infected includes sharing of sharp objects with an infected person, unscreened blood transfusion, mother to child transmission etc.
The HIV/AIDS pandemic is said to be a bane on the development of a society Thus, in Nigeria, the scourge has affected the economic population who are supposed to meaningfully contribute to the development of Nigeria. The use of anti – retroviral drugs have given hope to many infected persons for a life even after infection. These drugs are given free and are made available by donor agencies and the federal government in order to curb the number of casualties of the disease.
There are number of sensitization and preventive measures that are employed to check the menace of HIV/AIDS pandemic, and these are sex education, use of condoms and media campaigns. This research study is poised to uncover the attitudes of youths towards the HIV/ AIDS pandemic and to ascertain the behaviour of youths towards the various merchandize employed to combat the menace of HIV/AIDS in Niger state and most specifically in Federal University of Technology, Minna.
Youths constitutes the highest number of casualties of the disease, So the study chooses the students of the said institution as its research population. It is against this background that this study intends to address the following questions. What is the level of knowledge of students about HIV/AIDS. How prevalent is sexual abstinence among students and especially students of Federal University of Technology Minna. What are the perceptions of students towards Voluntary Counseling and Testing as a factor in the prevention of HIV/ AIDS? What are the attitudes of students towards HIV/ AIDS?
Sexual intercourse has led to sexually transmitted infection (HIV/ AIDS) which has led so many especially the youths to an early grave. Youths are not a homogenous population but a diverse group with different risk, needs and access to information and services (UNAIDS 2004).
Kabiru et al (2004) reported in a study conducted in a northern Nigerian town that the commonest high risk sexual behaviour among the sexually active university students was having multiple sexual partners (51.7%) followed by the history of sexually transmitted infection, (29.8%) anal sexual intercourse (12.1%) alcohol consumption (12.8%), and intravenous drug use (6.4%).
There is evidence of increased sexual activity and high risk behaviours among students in tertiary institutions in Nigeria with high prevalence rate of sexually transmitted infections (HIV/ AIDS), (16.3% and 23%, in the North and South respectively).
The general objective of this research is to address the perceptions of students towards the prevention of HIV/ AIDS. However, the specific objectives of this research are:
H1: There is a relationship in the knowledge of HIV/ AIDS and the prevention of the disease.
H0: There is no relationship in the knowledge of HIV/ AIDS and the prevention of the disease.
Human Immune deficiency Virus (HIV) and acquire immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has continue to be the major concern not only to Niger state government but the federal government and the entire world. This study may then serve as a pioneer effort towards the understanding of HIV/ AIDS among students of federal university of technology Minna, Niger State. The result of this study may help policy maker’s particularly educational planners in Niger state to design more appropriate instructional programme on HIV/ AIDS.
The study may also provide the basis for further research on HIV/AIDS
This research is limited to issues about the knowledge and attitude of students towards HIV/ AIDS in federal university of technology Minna, A convent sampling of 100 students.
The research is limited to only undergraduate students of FUT Minna.
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IMPACT OF ORPHANAGE HOME ON THE CHILD PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
The orphanage home is one of the numerous social institution that have emerged over the year to carter for some of the social needs of orphanage associated with such problems.
Motherless babies have nowadays become common because of the moral decadence of the society young people who cannot cater for themselves find themselves put in the family way they end up find abandoning those innocent helpless babies. The increasing hardship because of the present economic recession has increased the incidence of burden family relationship and the consequent loss of firm control of family members.
This has tended as evidence by the increasing number of abandoned babies such babies have become the central focus of the orphanage home the impact of orphanage home on child personality development that is the behaviour pattern of social behariour on child personality development.
The research try to compare children between the age of one (1) month to three (3) years that grows up in orphanage home to those that grow-up with their parent children from the orphanage behave in a unique pattern thereby displaying some certain social behaviour attitude that could be associated with the up bringing in the orphanage home. I want to find out the positive and negative aspect of orphanage home on children personality development generally. Any baby that lost his or her parent especially the mother by what every means become mentally ill once it is discovered the illness is taken from the mother by the orphanage children abandon in hospital or on the street are taken to the orphanage home.
Social welfare services and training of professional social workers of all categories social workers can succeed out making their contribution towards realizing their objective of government in improving people welfare only after they have keenly understood the problem.
The causes and the effect of those people on he community the desertation is an attempt toward such changes taking place and their documentation the study will focus on the impact of the orphanage home on child personality development in the later parts of his life.
The Kaduna orphanage home is the birth child of Jammiyyar Matan Arewa.
The Jamiyar Matan Arewa itself is a social organization of northern women established on the 27th May 1963 it was aimed at unifying the women folk and providing hem with a forum of welfare activities.
The organization was to be non-political and it membership was to be opened to all tribes religions or social status at the very first meeting of the Jammiyar Matan Arewa which took place in the house of General Hassan Usman Katsina a steering committee was set up to carry on the task of mobilizing women for the association and also to plan and organize fund raising activities to meet up the financial obligation of the association.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Children brought up in the orphanage home cannot cope effectively with the outside world this display in their dispositions because most of them tend to be introverts and always want to keep to themselves in few causes they turn out to be backward in speed and verbal intelligence.
According to Segmund Fraud (1945) children who grown up in the orphanage home may likely to affected in their culture tradition, and religion are their interests belief ambitions ideas and soon thus affecting the personality development as their behaviors is not only more indiscriminate but more immature than those children who are with their natural parent. Hence the increase in various research as to find out the effectiveness and influence of these home (orphanage home) on the child personality development.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
1. Find out the positive and negative IMPACT OF ORPHANAGE HOME ON THE CHILD’S PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT.
2. Determine the effect of orphanage home on child’s personality development.
3. Find out the morale and attitude of children raised in orphanage home.
1.4 Research Questions.
1. What are the positive and negative impact of orphanage home on the child’s personality development.
2. What are the likely effect of orphanage home on the child personality.
3. What are the morale and attitude acquired by children raised in the orphanage home.
1.5 Scope of the Study
This study is limited to the orphanage home Kaduna. Therefore the study is restricted to the impact of orphanage home on the child’s personality development.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420