CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF KARGASOK TEA ON ORGANS OF RATS

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CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF KARGASOK TEA ON ORGANS OF RATS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

Kargasok tea (Tea of Life) is a new home-brew tea taken by a good number of people in Nigeria today. Interest has been generated to know the reason why people take the tea as well as the consequences regarding any cytotoxic effect which may arise due to continuous consumption of the tea. Kargasok tea is a new tea in Nigeria and the people who consume it do so for medicinal reasons, while other take it as a wide because of its flavour.

Origin of the Tea:

The yeast originated from Kargasok town in Russia. People came to know more about it through a Japanese lady who visited Kargosok town in Russia and there she discovered many healthy old people all over 100 years old, even a man of about 130 years who married an 88 years old lady was still able to0. have babies; and women over 80 years old hardly having wrinkles. She found that young and old alike in every home made and drank Kargasok tea, about 300 cc daily, but nothing more.

She took the yeast back to Japan with instructions on how to prepare it, she introduced to her friends and after drinking the tea for a while, the people came back to report their results. It was reported that a man with 210 blood pressure got it down to 140/80, a young girl with white ring worm all over chest was cured. ‘’cancer and high blood pressures was unknown in Kargasok.’’

Scientists have been studying it and found that it contains 8 elements. In this a cure for cancer, scientists will determine in future.

Mr. Fan Pan (1988) in Japan reported his findings which include that the tea may be the cause for longer life, cure for chicken pox, cancer, eye sight, arthritis, ulcers, coronary preferioloschlerosis and blood sugar, ateracts, cardians infarcts insominia, improve appetite, prevent wrinkles, reduces obesity and so on.

The Kargasok Yeast:

The yeast has been found to contain about 6 types of yeasts and 2 types of bacteria and the saccharomyces species among other family of yeasts. (okerntugha, 1989). Interest in the yeast was more on the saccharomyces species since most brewing industries use this species in the manufacture of beer and wine and in the leaving of bread (Stainer et al; 1985). The yeast was first recognised by Myen in 1838 and saccharomyces happens to be the oldest known genus of Yeast.

Some important enzymes of the yeast include alcohol dehydrogenase, co-enzyme A, glyceraldehyde – 3 –phosphate dehydrogenase, oxidises and triphosphates of adenosine, cystidine, guanosine and uridine.

All species of yeasts possess the property of glucose fermentation. About half of the species of yeasts possess the property of glucose fermentation. About half of the species can grow at room temperature (370c) while only a few can grow on 50% glucose, but none has been found to grow on 10% Nacl. Saccharomycetecea is a family of yeast essentially unicellular fungi, of very wide occurrence found particularly on a sticky exudate so frequently present on the surface of fruits. The unicellular condition of the yeast appears to have development in connexion with life in sugary solutions. Thus when mucor is grown in a liquid medium, of high glucose content, a yeast-like stage (Torula condition) may be assumed.

Yeasts in well-aerated nutrient solution with an adequate supply of sugar rapidly multiplies by budding. The oval yeast has a cell wall inside which are protoplasm and a conspicuous vacuole. The single nucleaus is glycogen or oil. In vegetative reproduction, a small bud shows out of one end, and then nucleaus divides and a daughter nucleus enters the bud. This finally piches off as a separate individual. Under condition of rapid growth, a daughter cell may itself produce a bud before separation from its parent and in this way short lengths of mycelium may be formed, but basically yeasts are unicellular.

Growing in a well-aerated sugar solution yeasts undergo respiration, the glucose being broken down according to the overall equation.

C6H12O6 + 602 = 6co2 + 6Ho2 + Energy

(glucose)

In the absence of oxygen, growth ceases but anaerobic respiration (Fermentation) takes place.

C6H12O6 = 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + Energy

(glucose) (alcohol)

The equation summaries the process although many intermediate steps are involved. Under certain conditions, the alcohol can be converted to citric acid which may give the tea a fruity flavour or make it sour.

Brief Hostology of the differentd rat organs

SPLEEN: it is the largest haemolymph of the body. It has 3 main functions

(a) It produces antibodies

(b) It is responsible for the breakdown of old red blood cells and damage of blood cells.

(c) It removes particles matter from the blood stream. It contains white and red pulps. The white pulp is located at the periphery and is made up of a contreal lymphoid tissue. This is also made up of a central arterile with a collection of lymphoid tissue and therefore it is called periarticular lyphatic sheath. The red pulp is made up of venous sinous separated from one another by reticular fibres and some cords.

in some animals, the spleen serve as a storage organ for blood, but it is not so in man.

LIVER: it is the largest organ in the body and most metabolic process pass through it. It contains most of the metabolic enzymes for acelylation, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis anf glucoronide conjugation which converts drugs to a more polar substance ready for excretion. Cross section of the liver shows pentagonal type of loboble with central containing vein. Arising from the veins are cells which contain sinusoids. The structures present are hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct making up the portal triad. Most drug detoxification take place in the liver.

KIDNEY: cross section of the kidney shows two distinct regions – the cortex and medullar – kidney serves as organ for metabolism of some drugs as well as organ for excretion. Hence Kargosok tea is excreted through the kidney together with other metabolites.

BRAIN: It is the organ of perception and intergration of information. In fact most the of the autonomic responses is controlled by the brain. Therefore any damage may lead to behavioural disturbabces.

1.2 Statement of the problem

Since the Kargosok tea is browed with different substance such as Lipton tea, sugar Yeast and water, it is of interest to highlight on the pharmacology of these constituents which are caffeine from Lipton tea bag, alcohol which is fermented from the tea.

Caffeine :although the exact amount of the caffeine in the tea was not analysed and quantified, it is known that caffeine is contained in the Lipton tea. Caffeine (Theophyllin) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor which increase the levels of cyclic AMP. Increase in cyclic AMP is important in most biochemical and immunological mechanisms.

Alcohols: alcohols (ethanol) is a sedative – hypnotic consumed as a social drug. It may affect a large number of molecular processes but it is now generally accepted that one of its most significant site of action is the cell membrane. Alcohols also have diverse effect at the cellular and tissues levels, particularly in the nervous system.

1.3 Objectives of the study

1. To evaluate the consequences of acute toxicity of the tea since it is a new factor in the country.

2. To understand the effect of kargasok tea on organs of rats

1.4 Research Questions

1. What are the consequences of acute toxicity of the tea since it is a new factor in the country.

2. What is the effect of kargasok tea on organs of rats

1.5 Research hypothesis

H0: There is no relationship between the ue of kargasok tea on organs of rats

H1: There is a relationship between the ue of kargasok tea on organs of rats

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