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ECONOMICS OF MAIZE PRODUCTION USING TWO TECHNOLOGIES IN FOUR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF KADUNA STATE
ABSTRACT
The objective of the study was to assess the efficiency of improved technology in maize production in Kaduna State by comparing Sasakawa and Non-Sasakawa Technologies. The emphasis was however, on determination of the quantities and costs of inputs used and the estimation of output and returns from maize production. Also the efficiencies of resources used by both groups of farmers were also determined. To obtain the data necessary for this study, 80 farmers each of users of Sasakawa and Non-Sasakawa technologies for sole maize production were interviewed from four Local Government Areas of the State. Descriptive statistics, gross-margin analysis and production function analysis were employed in the analyses of the data. The results of the study showed that with the exception of seeds, the levels of other variable inputs used by the Sasakawa farmers were significantly higher than for the Non-Sasakawa farmers. The output obtained by the Sasakawa farmers was about 34 percent higher than that of the Non-Sasakawa farmers. The pattern of cost of production and returns show that the average cost of production for using Sasakawa technology was greater than for the Non-Sasakawa users by 42 percent. The results further revealed that labour and fertilizer accounted for about 88 percent and 92 percent of cost of production in both the Sasakawa and Non-Sasakawa farms respectively. The gross-return per hectare for the Sasakawa farmers was about 51 percent higher than for the Non-Sasakawa farmers. Similarly, the gross-margin per hectare for the Sasakawa farmers was also viii significantly higher than for the Non-Sasakawa farmers with about 62 percent. The production function analysis shows that the Semi-log and Cobb-Douglass production functions reasonably explained the variability in the total value of output obtained from the use of Sasakawa and Non-Sasakawa technologies respectively. The results showed fertilizer was over-utilized, land and Seeds were under-utilised by Sasakawa farmers In the case of the Non-Sasakawa farmers, fertilizer and seeds were under-utilized, while labour was over-utilized. Both the Sasakawa and Non-Sasakawa technologies will exhibit an increasing returns to scale of 2.2 and 1.1 percent respectively in output if all inputs included in the models are increased by 1 percent. The study revealed that some increases in the productivity of maize production have been achieved through the use of Sasakawa technology, therefore, planning for maize production should continue to focus on the design and implementation of such programme
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