Empirical Analysis of the Effect of Accountability on Budget Implementation in Ondo State Nigeria

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Empirical Analysis of the Effect of Accountability on Budget Implementation in Ondo State Nigeria

Abstract

The paper aimed at analyzing the effect of accountability on budget implementation in Nigeria using Ondo State Ministry of Finance as a case study. The paper adopts a survey design and secondary data which were obtained from statistical bulletin of Ministry of Finance. The time series data covers the period of eight (8) years from 2007-2014. The data was analyzed using ordinary least square (OLS) and Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test with the aid of E-view 7 Software Statistical package. The findings reveal that the coefficient of multiple determination is low in explaining the annual approved budget estimates, besides, the formulated model does not show a good fit of the total approved budget estimates due to some unforeseen occurrences that affects the measure of accountability during budget implementation. This was further justified by the t-test and F-test results. The paper recommended the use of accurate data which will be predicated on the performance of past budgets. Also, there is a need for strict observance of budget discipline by the executive to guide against extra-budgetary spending.

Key words: Accountability; Analysis; Budget; Implementation

Olurankinse, F., & Oloruntoba, S. R. (2017). Empirical Analysis of the Effect of Accountability on Budget Implementation in Ondo State Nigeria. Canadian Social Science, 13(3), 27-32. Available from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/css/article/view/9340 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/9340

The essence of having governments in all the countries is to provide for the security and welfare of their citizenry. However, this objective is possible when the government ensures that various policies and projects aimed at fulfilling its economic and social obligations are fulfilled. The fulfilled obligations could be seen in the areas of education, food, security, housing, health care, job creation and the provision of social amenities. The success or failure of any government is always measured on the basis of the provision of these essential services. The pertinent question that we need to ask is to what extent has the government been able to fulfill these obligations, and with what instrument/mechanism? The answer to the later part of these questions finds expression in the budget as it is the only mechanism that set forth the expected route for achieving the financial and operational goals of the government.

Budgeting in Nigeria is problematic especially when it comes to implementation. Budget implementation problem occurs when the desired result on the target beneficiaries is not actualized. The problem with budget implementation is due to Nigeria’s monoculture economy, deficit budgeting, delay in passage of the budget by the legislature and ineffective oversight by the legislative arm of government. It is worthy to note that there could be implementation gap as a result of many other factors which could arise from the budget implementers or the environment in which the budget policy has been made. Implementation gap arises from the budget itself when such budget emanates from the government rather than from the target groups.

By this, it means that the planning is top-down. The implication of this is that, the target beneficiaries are not allowed to contribute to the formulation of the policies that affect their lives. Ezenwafor (2011) opined that failure of the policy (budget) makers to take into consideration the social, political, economic and administrative variables when analyzing formulation creates a huge implementation gap. Of the truth, corruption is the biggest problem that leads to implementation gap in Nigeria. Implementation problem comes in this regard when huge amount of money are earmarked for a project but the officers in charge of implementation steal such amount or a substantial part of the budgeted money.

In order to ensure transparency and fairness in budgetary preparation process, it is essential therefore, to introduce the principles of accountability and control so as to achieve the basic tenets of the process for budget preparation process. It is against this backdrop that this paper intends to look at budgetary process in Ondo State with strict application of the principles of accountability and control.

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