ENHANCING ON EXTERNAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS

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ENHANCING ON EXTERNAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS

Abstract:

The quest for increased energy efficiency is a paramount goal in the realm of power generation, particularly in synchronous generators where optimizing performance is crucial. This study delves into the enhancement of external energy efficiency in synchronous generators, aiming to improve overall system efficiency and contribute to sustainable energy practices. The research explores innovative methodologies, advanced materials, and cutting-edge technologies to address inefficiencies associated with external factors influencing generator performance.

Key focus areas include reducing mechanical losses, enhancing cooling systems, and minimizing magnetic losses in synchronous generators. The study employs a combination of theoretical analyses, computational simulations, and experimental validations to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed enhancements. Additionally, the impact of these improvements on the generator’s environmental footprint, reliability, and economic viability is assessed.

The findings of this research aim to provide valuable insights for power generation industries, researchers, and policymakers striving to achieve higher energy efficiency standards. Ultimately, the study contributes to the ongoing global effort to optimize power generation systems, reduce environmental impact, and foster the transition towards a more sustainable and energy-efficient future.

CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Synchronous generators play a pivotal role in the generation of electrical power, serving as essential components in power plants and various industrial applications. The efficiency of these generators is crucial in ensuring optimal energy conversion and utilization. Enhancing external energy efficiency in synchronous generators is a multifaceted challenge that involves addressing various factors, including heat dissipation, cooling systems, and overall design considerations.

The power system stability is a serious problem that needs to be handled effectively to ensure a reliable and secure supply of electricity (Abubakar et al., 2019; Xu & Hou 2012). The excitation control of synchronous generators has attracted lots research efforts, as an economic and effective way to improve power system stability (Li et al., 2015). As power system stability and voltage regulation are two major issues, they are desired to be considered in the stage of designing the excitation controllers (Kundur et al., 1994; Olarinoye & Abdulwahab 2022). When a large disturbance occurs in the power systems, the transient stability should be assured. In recent years, several works have been done in designing generator excitation and steamvalve coordinated controller to improve transient stability of power systems (Li et al., 2018). Distributed excitation and steam-valve control has been distinctly proposed to improve system transient stability, when power systems with uncertain parameters are subjected to faults and disturbance (Afsari et al., 2002). When the fault occurs, the kinetic energy of system is increased, and if the system kinetic energy exceeds a certain amount, system instability will occur. Generator tripping is one of the most effective methods for improving stability in case of serious faults (Baydokhty et al., 2011).

Abdulkareem et al., (2023) Performance Improvement of Synchronous Generator in Power System…… 32

The electric utility industry is undergoing unprecedented changes in its structure worldwide (Abdulwahab et al., 2021). The emergence of separate entities for generation, transmission and distribution have given rise to new issues in power system operation and planning (Guo et al., 2000). There are currently a lot of efforts to find high performance stabilizing controllers which are able to mitigate the results from many severe contingencies such as voltage collapse, islanding faults, and loss of synchronism (Abdulwahab et al., 2020; Ibrahim et al., 2017). The excitation control of synchronous generator is an effective way for transient stability enhancement of power systems (Adirak & Ekkachai, 2018). However, in most cases, the turbine and excitation controls are considered as independent and decoupled processes characterized by different time scales, which is unsuitable for modern power systems since the appearance of advanced governors, such as digital governors, results in tight mutual interaction between excitation and governor loop (Fombu et al., 2016).

Researchers have worked on excitation control of large synchronous generators improving the dynamic performance and transient stability of power system (Kenne et al., 2016). Halder et al., (2018), worked on a novel non-linear control scheme for Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSCs) for the analysis of a transient stability of a multimachine power system. A non-linear control strategy of the TCSC controller was formulated by Zero dynamic design approach. However, the efficiency of the method is restricted due to chattering effect caused by the control switching. Li et al., (2018), worked on the coordinated immersion and invariance control of power systems with excitation and steam-valve in order to ensure a reliable and secure planning under a deregulated electric market condition. However, the adoption of state feedback for non-linear system without a device that can assess first swing stability of the network will lead to increase in rotor angle which will result in loss of synchronism. The adaptive back stepping control has ability to maintain it steady state when there is a fault or unforeseen disturbance in order to maintain the desirable performance while the sliding mode is to stabilize the state of the system.

Continuous upgrade is being done on the power system in order to load demand. The complexity in the power system has been accompanied by various types of problems; among them is power system instability which is the major concern. A power system may undergo transient instability when it is being subjected to a various disturbance such as variations in load, inadequate generation and faults on transmission lines. This problem not only deteriorates the stability of the power system but also may cause mechanical failure if not well damped or removed. This research proposes a nonlinear adaptive controller to overcome the problem of conventional controllers’ inability to tackle the network uncertainties and deal with various operating conditions and disturbances.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The demand for electrical power continues to rise globally, necessitating an increased focus on improving the efficiency of power generation systems. Synchronous generators are integral to this process, and any inefficiencies in their external energy management can result in energy losses, increased operating costs, and environmental impacts. As such, there is a need for comprehensive research to understand and enhance the external energy efficiency of synchronous generators.

The global demand for electrical power continues to escalate, and with it, the imperative to optimize the efficiency of power generation systems. Synchronous generators, critical components in electricity generation, play a pivotal role in converting mechanical energy into electrical power. As the pursuit of sustainable and energy-efficient practices intensifies, there arises a pressing need to enhance the external energy efficiency of synchronous generators.

Synchronous generators are fundamental to the reliable operation of power plants and various industrial applications. These generators operate by maintaining synchrony with the electrical grid, providing a stable and synchronized source of power. However, the quest for improved overall energy efficiency demands a closer examination of the external aspects affecting these generators, encompassing factors such as heat dissipation, cooling systems, and other design considerations beyond their core functionality.

External energy efficiency in synchronous generators extends beyond the conversion of mechanical to electrical energy. It encompasses the broader aspects of energy management, addressing losses associated with heat dissipation, cooling, and auxiliary systems. Enhanced external energy efficiency not only contributes to reducing operational costs but also aligns with global sustainability goals by minimizing environmental impacts associated with energy production.

Despite the critical role synchronous generators play in the power generation landscape, there remains a distinct gap in the literature concerning the optimization of their external energy efficiency. Understanding and mitigating energy losses associated with these generators can lead to tangible improvements in overall power plant performance, efficiency gains, and a more sustainable energy landscape. This study aims to fill this void by comprehensively examining the factors influencing external energy efficiency in synchronous generators and proposing strategies for enhancement.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The primary objectives of this study are:

To analyze the current state of external energy efficiency in synchronous generators.

To identify factors influencing external energy losses in synchronous generators.

To propose and assess strategies for enhancing external energy efficiency in synchronous generators.

To evaluate the potential impact of enhanced external energy efficiency on overall power generation systems.

1.4 Research Questions

What is the current state of external energy efficiency in synchronous generators?

What factors contribute to external energy losses in synchronous generators?

What strategies can be proposed to enhance external energy efficiency in synchronous generators?

How might enhanced external energy efficiency impact the overall performance of power generation systems?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study is significant for several reasons:

Energy Conservation: By improving the external energy efficiency of synchronous generators, this research contributes to overall energy conservation efforts.

Operational Cost Reduction: Enhanced efficiency can lead to cost savings in the operation and maintenance of power generation systems.

Environmental Impact: Increased efficiency results in reduced energy losses, contributing to a more environmentally sustainable approach to power generation.

1.6 Scope and Limitations

The study will focus on synchronous generators used in power plants and industrial settings. The research will primarily address factors influencing external energy efficiency and propose strategies for improvement. However, certain limitations, such as the specific characteristics of different generator types and proprietary design constraints, may impact the depth of the analysis.

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