Gender Disparity in Criminal Behaviour in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

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Gender Disparity in Criminal Behaviour in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

Abstract

There had been differences in the crimes committed by male and female in various stages, throughout the world. Male criminality became the most significant issue in the literary discussion of crime, which gave female criminality little or no attention. Against this background, this paper looked into disparity in the punishment given to male and female. To achieve this, the samples of 120 respondents were chosen among the inmates, the prison officials, the police and the general public. The findings revealed that preferential treatment only existed in terms of hard labour; that women were not exposed to manual labour as their male counterparts do. Conclusively, equality and fair treatment in all ramifications irrespective of their sex and offence committed were recommended.

Vol. 5 (5), Serial No. 22, October, 2011. Pp. 199-211

Keywords: Ado-Ekiti, Behaviour, Criminal, Disparity, and Gender

Introduction

Male and female define biological sex, feminine and masculine are socially constructed Genders. Maleness and femaleness are referred to as ascribed traits, feminility and masculinity as achieved characteristic that highly varied from one culture to another in any society overtime.

The fact that the difference between male and female crime rates varies so much from society to society suggests that much of the differences are as a result of social and cultural acts. However, some of these differences may be the result of biological or hormonal differences between males and females as posited by Lombroso (1876), He looked at women as social being portraying certain atavistic characteristics, hence more criminally inclined behaviors are found in female than male counterparts. If crime were to be explained merely by primitive traits according to him female crime would be greater than male crime because females are less advanced than males.

Sex differences in aggression show up at puberty in human as well as in other primates. Although, aggression may be a learned behaviour, it also seems to be linked to sex hormones which predispose males more than females to aggressive behaviour that may label criminal by society.

As evidences show that male are more likely than female to engage in aggressive behaviours, there is also evidence that hormonal changes in women which are related to the menstrual circle increase the livelihood of criminal behaviour during premenstrual and menstrual days (Pollack 1950). Although about half of all female assaultive crimes seem to occur during the premenstrual and from menstrual days. Though not all women commit crimes at these times but hormonal changes may predispose -curtain women who find themselves in particular circumstances to engage in behaviour that violates the law. Criticizing Pollack’s assertion, Stephen Jones (2001) gave no real evidence that female domestic servants commit many crimes against their employers or that women are better at concealing crimes than men. Jones says, “Pollack’s methodology nowadays appears hardly satisfactory. For example, he failed on account of changes in the law against abortion in several countries he studies”. Heidensohn (1985) also criticized Pollack, noting that later research indicates that much shoplifting offence is committed by men.

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