GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

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GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

In order to answer these questions, this thesis utilized quantitative and qualitative methods. The research operates within an analytical framework using several theories of women’s participation, including the theory that women are more likely to support social spending and the theory of descriptive, symbolic and substantive representation (Bauer, 2013; Conover, 1988). These theories frame this work and provide grounds for understanding and criticism. This thesis performs a quantitative study using data on quotas and government expenditure from 131 countries from 1980 to 2010. The hypothesis is that there will be no significant correlation between quotas and social expenditure due to variations in women’s preferences. The work finds, however, that the presence of a quota is negatively correlated with expenditure in health and education. These results are then compared to a qualitative study of three country cases: Argentina, India and New Zealand. The thesis finds overall that the impact of quotas is heavily affected by socio-economic divisions in a country and how a country understands and treats the role of women. Gender quotas will not be successful in impacting legislation in countries where deep rooted patriarchic institutions limit how women participate in the legislative processes.

This thesis begins with a literature review which addresses existing theories around women in politics and quotas. It then discusses the research methods before producing the quantitative results and analysis. This is followed by the qualitative case studies. The work finishes with an analysis of the findings of both methods together before concluding.

Statement of the problem

There may have been previous researches in this subject. This work gives further explanations and analysis in government expenditure and women empowerment

Objectives of the study
To understand the impact of government expenditure on women empowerment
To understand the relationship between government expenditure and women empowerment