HAEMOGLOBIN ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERNS, ABO AND RHESUS D BLOOD GROUPS DISTRIBUTION AMONG ANTENATAL WOMEN IN SOKOTO, NIGERIA

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HAEMOGLOBIN ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERNS, ABO AND RHESUS D BLOOD GROUPS DISTRIBUTION AMONG ANTENATAL WOMEN IN SOKOTO, NIGERIA

Abstract

Background: This study was carried out to determine the haemoglobin electrophoretic patterns and distribution of ABO and Rhesus D blood group among antenatal women attending Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto.

Method: Three hundred consecutively-recruited and consenting pregnant women aged 18 – 45 years (mean age 27.62 ± 3.6 years) constituted the subjects for this study. Standard method involving cellulose acetate electrophoresis was carried out using Tris EDTA borate at alkaline pH of 8.6. Hemoglobin S was confirmed using sickling test involving sodium metabisulphite. Standard tile method using potent antisera was used for the determination of ABO and Rhesus D blood group.

Results: Among the 300 pregnant women studied, 221 (73.7%) were HbAA, 67 (22.3%) were HbAS, 11 (3.7%) were HbAC and 1 (0.3 %) was HbSC (p=0.01). HbAA was more prevalent among group O subjects followed by A, B and AB. HbAS was more prevalent among group A followed by B, O and AB. HbAC was more prevalent among group A and O followed by B and AB. The prevalence of HbSC was concentrated among blood group O subjects. There was no homozygous S and C haemoglobinopathies. The ABO blood group distribution indicated that blood group O was the predominant blood group followed by group A, B and AB (p=0.01). The ABO distribution among the subjects followed the pattern O>A>B>AB. A significant number of subjects were Rhesus D positive (94%) compared to 6% who were Rhesus D negative (p=0.001).

Conclusion: This study indicates that haemoglobinopathies is prevalent among pregnant women in Sokoto, North Western Nigeria. The results from this study also show that blood group O is the predominant ABO blood. Evidenced based data obtained from this study will facilitate optimum stocking of blood and blood products in blood banks in the area and the management of Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction and Haemolytic Disease of the Foetus and Newborn.

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