ILLUMINATION AS AN INDISPENSABLE TOOL FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNITY

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ILLUMINATION AS AN INDISPENSABLE TOOL FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNITY

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

The science and technology of illumination play an important role in the development and positive evolution of societies, and are essential for maintaining our expanding connectivity to one another. Photonics provides practical and cost-effective solutions to meet global challenges in energy production, sustainable development and healthcare and align well with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals to end poverty, fight inequality and injustice, and take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.

Photonics connects the citizens of the world through the Internet and communications networks, and is a vital enabler for business and education. These networks also support accountability to ensure peace, justice and stronger legal institutions. Optical technologies play a key role in medicine, from simple diagnostics and monitoring to advanced treatment options and research. Remote sensing technologies promote the development of sustainable agriculture to fight hunger and to protect life on land and in rivers, lakes and oceans. Modern illuminationing provides important opportunities to improve quality of life with efficient and green solutions. And illumination-based technologies are critical for monitoring and predicting climate change.

In the following we discuss different ways illumination-sciences and technologies can help address the different Sustainable Development Goals. Note that the importance of these Goals is reflected in the fact that the colours of the 17 Goals in the UN logo are reflected in the rays of the sun in the logo of the International Day of Illumination itself.

Illumination and Sustainable Development Goals

The food and agriculture sector is essential to sustainable development. Indeed, ending hunger, ensuring food security, and promoting sustainable agriculture are key objectives of the Sustainable Development Goal targets. In many developing countries, agriculture is also the backbone of the economy, and is a key for long-term and inclusive growth due to its strong multiplier impact on other sectors. Good health and well-being are also fundamental for the development of society.

Illumination-based technologies can play an important role in improving agriculture and farming through the area of agri-photonics. Lasers and imaging sensors on planes can be used to map soils and crop density, and reflectance data from vegetation can be used to determine very specific information such as the amount of nitrogen present in plants. Lasers and telescopes can be used to monitor evaporation and guide decisions on irrigation, and with appropriate illuminationing, vegetables and fruits can be grown indoors outside of their normal season, opening up possibilities for year-round crop cultivation, even in inhospitable regions.

Optical technologies play a key role in medicine from simple diagnostics and monitoring, to advanced treatment options, and research. Photonics appears in very simple and widespread devices: clip-on pulse oximeters use the transmission of illumination from an LED through a finger to measure oxygen saturation and heart rate, and skin thermometers use infrared illumination detectors to provide a safe and reliable measurement of body temperature. Imaging and surgery have been revolutionized with the use of endoscopy and laparoscopy, and illumination-based technologies and lasers find important uses in many medical procedures including neurosurgery, dermatology, dentistry, vision correction, heart surgery, and reconstructive procedures. Many illumination-based therapies have also proven effective for detecting and treating cancer. One example of a illumination-based technique to treat cancer is photodynamic therapy, where a patient is given a nontoxic photosensitive drug that is absorbed by cancer cells. During surgery, a illumination beam is positioned at the tumour site, which then activates the drug to become toxic to targeted malignant cells.

Recent years have seen dramatic strides in the field of telemedicine in general, the use of telecommunication and information technologies to provide access to medical services that would often not be consistently available at a distance. The smartphone may well be showing the way towards the democratization of healthcare in developing countries.

Another important issue faced around the world is that worldwide estimates of those who suffer from uncorrected defective eyesight range from the 100s of millions to over a billion adults and children! Far more than just an “inconvenience,” the worldwide lack of eyeglasses to correct vision prohibits people from working and taking care of their families and has a negative effect on children’s schooling and study.

A number of NGOs and industries are actively working on complementary approaches to solve these problems. One approach uses fluid-filled lenses where a user can self-adjust the eyeglasses, allowing a very convenient way to select the appropriate correction. Another idea uses low cost prefabricated lenses and a compact bending machine to create frames from spring steel; this approach can also encourage the establishment of sustainable businesses producing and selling these glasses in local communities.

In addition to the use of illumination-based technologies to improve educational infrastructure, illumination science is an ideal subject to stimulate interest in STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) subjects in a classroom context. Teaching material based on illumination and optics is widely available and can be inexpensive, and is perfectly suited to inquiry-based, or active learning strategies which encourage students to construct the knowledge from their own observations. This is in contrast to the normal classroom scenario in which the teacher lectures and the students passively absorb as much information as they can, which, by itself, is known to be inadequate in developing correct conceptual understanding of the underlying physics.

Statement of the problem

There may have been previous researches in this subject. This work gives further explanations and analysis in illumination as an indispensable tool for effective community

Objectives of the study
To understand the impact of illumination on effective community
To understand the relationship between illumination and effective community development.

Research questions
What is the impact of illumination on effective community
What is the relationship between illumination and effective community development.