IMPACT OF BUSH BURNING ON UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN PLANTATION

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IMPACT OF BUSH BURNING ON UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN PLANTATION

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Culturally, bush burning is a practice in most developing nations including Nigeria at the unset of planting season up to the middle of dry season. As more land is being cleared and prepared for cropping annually, bush burning has become the easiest and most convenient method quite often employed in agricultural practices as well as in environmental management. In many areas, the attitude changed to one of total burning (wildfire) and this becomes a major cause of depletion of nutrient status. This necessitates a research of this kind to ascertain the effect of such localized burnings and fires on the soil and its subsequent effect on crop production. The vast majority of area burnt and cleared annually for cropping, to drive game for hunters, to improve grazing condition for livestock and for migration and land settlement lies within the savanna ecological zone (Isah and Adegeye, 2002). This practice invariably results in heating and drying of the soil.

Bush burning has been practiced in many parts of the world and has been accepted as an integral part of the traditional farming system (Hough, 1993). However, Frequent and uncontrolled bush burning has become a major problem in most parts of the world today especially in the forest zones of developing countries (Hough 1993). Bush burning has contributed to deforestation with its attendant problems. Frequent bush burning is generally considered to have negative effects on biodiversity (Tramor and Woinarski, 1994, Bradstock et al. 1997 and Egunjobi 1971) [8, 14]. Man’s environment is under constant threat from his own activities resulting from expanding population and this remains one of the biggest challenges to the quality of environment. Bush burning, whether the result of a wildfire or a controlled burning, affects not only the appearance of the landscape, but the quality of the soil. The landscape may quickly recover after a fire, with fresh new growth and emerging seedlings. However, bush burning has a negative effect on soil conditions and soil may take much longer to recover, Man has emerged as a very important geomorphic agent and is capable of changing the environment at a much faster rate than many of the natural processes. Bush burning or fire is the chemical reaction between oxygen and fuel which is raised to ignition temperature by heat. The reaction is selfsustaining unless extinguished or the fuel concentration falls below minimum level. Most often bush burning results from a rapid. Exothermic reaction in combination with oxygen and one combustible material Hamid et al. (2010) [23] observed that bush burning is part of some countries way of life. Bush burning is one of the major air pollutants that are emitted during bushfire and these include Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, oxides of Nitrogen, oxides of Sulphur, particulates and hydrocarbon as a result of incomplete combustion of cellulose materials (Stern, 1976) [47]. These do not only pose health hazards to man alone but also affect the environment in general. Oxides of Sulphur and nitrogen remain hazardous as they cause respiratory disorder characterized by excessive mucus secretion in the bronchial tubes.

Population explosion, industrialization, urbanization and intensive agriculture have caused tremendous damage to our environment. Man’s ignorance of laws of nature and his over-exploitation of natural resources have further aggravated the problem. Fortunately, during the last few years, we have started realizing our past mistakes and begun to make amends to prevent further degradation of our environment. Environment means the surroundings in which we live. It is a life-sustaining system in which various living beings like animals, including man, birds, insects, microorganisms like algae, fungi, protozoa, amoeba and nonliving beings like air, water and soil are inter-related. Like man, his environment too is beautiful.

Statement of the problem

There may have been previous researches in this subject. This work gives further explanations and analysis in impact of bush burning on university of ibadan plantation

Objectives of the study
To understand the impact of bush burning on university of ibadan plantation
To understand the relationship between the activity of bush burning and environmental management in university of in ibadan

Research questions
What is the impact of bush burning on university of ibadan plantation
What is the relationship between the activity of bush burning and environmental management in university of in ibadan