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IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON OUTPUT, GROWTH AND TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY OF TOMATO FARMERS IN NIGERIA
Abstract
The need for sustainable agriculture to meet the increasing demand for food for the growing population in Nigeria canot be over-emphasized, and the tomato farming niche cannot be excluded . In order to ensure food security, we need to understand the climatic changes around us and how it affects agricultural productivity and rural livelihood, viz a viz tomato farming. Climate change and global warming is the current global problem many countries including Nigeria are facing. Emission of greenhouse gases is responsible for global warming and subsequent climate variability. The emission of greenhouse gases from gas flaring, open burning, vehicle emissions, deforestation, and use of solid fossil fuel for cooking are some of the causes of climate change in Nigeria. Nigeria is still practicing rain fed agriculture which renders her tomato farming vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. Extreme climatic events such as flooding, extreme heat, and drought has led to soil degradation which results in low tomato yields. Decline in tomato yield productivity discourages tomato farmers and may lead to change in livelihood of the farmers because there is a strong relationship between yield and output of crops of tomato farmers and their household income since many dwell on single stream of income from their tomato farms. This can also lead to migration from rural to urban regions thereby affecting development of rural regions in the country. This thesis has discussed the causes, effects and mitigation of the impacts of climate change on output, growth and total factor productivity of tomato farmers in Nigeria.
Unpredictability of weather caused by climate change constitutes a constraint to production of rain-fed crops. The perspective of producers on the impact of climate change on production of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) has not been fully documented. The perception of farmers on effects of climate change on production of tomato was investigated
Questionnaires were distributed to 1000 hundred tomato farmers from selected rural areas from selected states in Nigeria. Interviews and surveys were also conducted. Primary data was collected and analysed in the course of the research.
A multistage sampling technique was used to select 1000 respondents from the predominantly tomato producing zones: southeastern (Imo), southwestern (Oyo), northeastern (Gombe), and north central (Benue), Nigeria. This consisted of 25% of regions from which 50% of villages were chosen. Ten percent of farmers were randomly selected from the total population of tomato producers. Focus group discussions and structured interviews were used to elicit responses on farmer personal characteristics, changes in production between 2011 and 2021, and perception of effects on production. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The majority (83.9%) of respondents were male. Seventy-eight percent of respondents experienced decreases in tomato production between 2011 and 2021 and 61.8% of respondents stated that climate change was the reason for change in tomato production. Changes in tomato production across agricultural zones differed. Production of tomato was highest in the northeastern area and lowest in the southeastern area. Climate change was perceived to be the cause of decline in production of tomato between 2011 and 2021.
Percentages and tables were used as instruments of analysis. It is therefore observed that there is a strong relationship between climate change and tomato yield output, growth, and agro-economic productivity and development of tomato farmers in Nigeria. Usually a disproportionate number of tomato farmers in Nigeria are peasant, and depend less on technological advancements and improvements, thereby exposing their crop yield to any slight or significant change in weather and climate.
Therefore climate change have had a strong negative impact on growth, output and productivity of tomato farmers in Nigeria.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
References
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