INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF GROUP 4 ELEMENTS

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INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF GROUP 4 ELEMENTS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

Group 4 Elements are from the second group of transition metals in the modern periodic table. The elements of this group are Titanium (Ti), Zirconium (Zr), Hafnium (Hf), and Rutherfordium(Rf). This group is also called the Titanium Group after its lightest member.

History Zircon was known as a gemstone from ancient times. It was first discovered to contain a new element until the work of German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth in 1789 but was unable to isolate the element. In 1824, Swedish chemist Jons Jakob Berzelius isolated zirconium by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube. Titanium was first identified in ilmenite sand by Cornish mineralogist William Gregor, in 1791. Berzelius was the first to extract an impure form of titanium metal in 1825. Hafnium was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer, on passing hafnium tetraiodide vapor over a heated tungsten filament in 1924.Rutherfordium was claimed to be discovered by bombarding a plutonium-242 target with neon-22 ions by Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in 1964. Much more conclusive evidence was obtained by the University of California, Berkeley in 1969, by bombarding a californium-249 target with carbon-12 ions.

1.2 Statement of the problem

The Group 4 Elements All group 4 elements are hard, refractory metals. Their reactivity is entirely masked due to the formation of a dense oxide layer that protects them from corrosion, as well as attack by many acids and alkalis.

1.3 Objectives of the study

1. To understand the industrial application of group iv elements

2. To understand the relationship between the use of group iv elements and industrial development

1.4 Research Questions

1. To understand the industrial application of group iv elements

2. To understand the relationship between the use of group iv elements and industrial development

1.5 Research Hypothesis

H0: There is norelationship between the use of group iv elements and industrial development

H1: There is arelationship between the use of group iv elements and industrial development

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