JEAN PAUL ON THE NOTION OF FREEDOM-A CRITIQUE

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JEAN PAUL ON THE NOTION OF FREEDOM-A CRITIQUE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Jean-Paul Sartre, one of the most well-known and influential Western philosophers in the 20th century, is an exponent of and a great contributor to Existentialism (Norris, 2018). From 1940 when he was imprisoned for nine months in Germany, he started reflecting on the meaning of freedom. Initially published in freestanding essays and later constituting one of the most significant chapters in the famous book What Is Literature, “Why Write?” is an essay in which Sartre addresses his theory on freedom.

The text starts with the existentialist assumption that “human reality is a „revealer‟”; that is, the individual reveals being by introducing relationships and order into the natural arrangement and imposing unity on the diversified world. Upon such an “inner certainty of being „revealers‟” is also added the consciousness that the man is inessential to the thing revealed. To seek the essentiality, we turn to artistic creation. Consequently, we come to the dialect that in the perception, the object is essential and the subject inessential while in the creation it‟s quite the reverse. The operation of writing is used to further illustrate this dialect and an act named reading is necessarily involved as the dialectical correlative of writing, for only the reader, not the writer can reveal the sleeping words objectively through foreseeing and waiting. In other words, one doesn‟t write for oneself. Therefore, the fulfillment of a work requires the joint effort of both the author and the reader. The former services as a producer while the other a revealer. Hence there is no art except for and by others.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

As for reading, in fact it engages both perception and creation. In the course of catching the connotation of words, the reader simultaneously makes reinvention from the originally inexpressible words. In brief, “reading is directed creation” and for the reader, “all is to do and all is already done”.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Research survey was conducted among philosophy scholars from philosophy departments among selected tertiary institutions

METHODOLOGY

Surveys were conducted, questionnaires were distributed randomly among scholars from selected tertiary institutions.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

To understand the critical analysis and importance of jean paul notion on freedom
To understand the relationship between jean paul notion of freedom and socio-political development of citizens of a nation

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This work provides more references for future researchers

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