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KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTION TOWARDS HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN NIGERIA
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant public health concern due to its association with various cancers, particularly cervical cancer. Understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of university students towards HPV is crucial for developing effective health education and intervention programs. This study aims to assess the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding HPV among university students in Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 500 students from five universities across Nigeria, utilizing a structured questionnaire to collect data on demographics, HPV knowledge, attitudes towards vaccination, and perceptions of HPV-related risks.
The results indicated that while a majority of students (65%) were aware of HPV, detailed knowledge about its transmission, symptoms, and prevention methods was limited. Only 40% of respondents correctly identified the link between HPV and cervical cancer. Attitudes towards HPV vaccination were generally positive, with 70% of students expressing willingness to receive the vaccine if available. However, misconceptions about the safety and efficacy of the vaccine were prevalent, highlighting the need for targeted educational campaigns. Perceptions of risk varied, with many students underestimating their susceptibility to HPV infection due to perceived low-risk sexual behaviors.
The study concludes that although awareness of HPV among Nigerian university students is relatively high, there are significant gaps in comprehensive knowledge and understanding. Attitudinal and perceptual barriers to HPV vaccination persist, necessitating enhanced educational efforts to promote informed decision-making and preventive practices. Recommendations include integrating HPV education into university health programs, increasing accessibility to vaccination, and leveraging social media platforms for wider dissemination of accurate information. Addressing these gaps is essential for reducing the incidence of HPV-related diseases and improving overall public health outcomes in Nigeria.
Chapter One:
Introduction
Background of the Study
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide, with significant public health implications. HPV is associated with various cancers, particularly cervical cancer, which is the second most common cancer among women globally. In Nigeria, cervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women, largely due to limited awareness, inadequate screening programs, and low vaccination rates. Understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of university students towards HPV is critical, as this demographic represents a key group for targeted educational interventions and preventive strategies.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI) that poses significant health risks, including cervical cancer, genital warts, and other HPV-related cancers. In recent years, HPV has gained global attention due to its impact on public health, particularly among young adults. For university students in Nigeria, understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards HPV is crucial, given their susceptibility to STIs and the potential long-term health consequences associated with HPV infections.
HPV infection is preventable through vaccination, yet vaccination rates remain suboptimal in many regions, including Nigeria. Factors influencing vaccine uptake include lack of awareness, misconceptions about HPV and its vaccine, cultural beliefs, and accessibility to healthcare services. Effective education and awareness programs tailored to university students can play a pivotal role in increasing vaccination rates and promoting preventive behaviors.
This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards HPV among university students in Nigeria. By examining these factors, the study seeks to identify gaps in understanding, barriers to vaccination uptake, and areas where targeted health education interventions can be implemented. The findings of this research are expected to contribute to the development of evidence-based strategies for enhancing HPV awareness, promoting vaccination, and ultimately reducing the burden of HPV-related diseases among young adults in Nigeria.
HPV is a group of over 200 related viruses, among which approximately 40 types can infect the genital area, and about 14 of these are known to cause cancer. Cervical cancer, which is the most common HPV-related cancer, is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Nigeria. Despite the availability of vaccines that can prevent HPV infection and its associated cancers, vaccination rates among university students in Nigeria remain low. This underscores the importance of understanding the factors influencing knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards HPV among this demographic.
Statement of the Problem
Despite the availability of vaccines that can prevent HPV infection and its associated diseases, vaccination rates remain low in Nigeria. This can be attributed to various factors, including insufficient knowledge about HPV, misconceptions about the vaccine, cultural and social barriers, and a lack of robust health education programs. University students, who are at an age where sexual activity typically begins, may not have adequate information or may hold incorrect beliefs about HPV and its prevention. Addressing these gaps is essential for reducing the incidence of HPV-related diseases and improving public health outcomes.
Research Objectives
Main Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards HPV among university students in Nigeria.
Specific Objectives:
To evaluate the level of knowledge about HPV transmission, symptoms, and prevention methods among university students.
To understand the attitudes of university students towards HPV vaccination.
To explore the perceptions of HPV-related risks and the factors influencing these perceptions among university students.
To identify potential barriers to HPV vaccination uptake among university students.
Research Questions
What is the level of knowledge about HPV among university students in Nigeria?
What are the attitudes of university students towards HPV vaccination?
How do university students perceive the risks associated with HPV infection?
What factors influence the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of university students towards HPV?
What are the barriers to HPV vaccination uptake among university students?
Significance of the Study
This study is significant for several reasons:
Public Health Impact: By identifying knowledge gaps and misconceptions, the study can inform the design of effective health education and promotion programs targeted at university students.
Policy Implications: The findings can guide policymakers in developing strategies to increase HPV vaccination rates and integrate HPV education into university health services.
Educational Value: The study can serve as a basis for curriculum development in health education programs, emphasizing the importance of HPV prevention and early detection.
Research Contributions: This research adds to the existing body of knowledge on HPV awareness and vaccination, providing a foundation for future studies in the Nigerian context and beyond.
Scope and Limitations
Scope: The study focuses on university students enrolled in various institutions across Nigeria, examining their knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards HPV and its prevention.
Limitations: Potential limitations include the self-reported nature of survey data, which may be subject to bias, and the generalizability of findings, given the diverse cultural and socio-economic backgrounds of university students in Nigeria.
Definition of Terms
Human Papillomavirus (HPV): A group of viruses that can cause genital warts, cervical cancer, and other cancers.
HPV Vaccine: A vaccine that protects against the types of HPV that most often cause cervical, vaginal, vulvar, and anal cancers.
Cervical Cancer: A type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix, often caused by HPV infection.
Knowledge: Awareness or understanding of HPV, its transmission, symptoms, and prevention methods.
Attitudes: Feelings or opinions held by university students towards HPV vaccination.
Perception: The way university students interpret and understand the risks associated with HPV infection.
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