LOW COST EFFECTIVE SOLAR PARAMETER GRID MONITORING SYSTEM

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LOW COST EFFECTIVE SOLAR PARAMETER GRID MONITORING SYSTEM

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

In many developing countries power generation have become a major factor. Demand for energy has reached its reaches its peak due to the high energy need in the industrial and commercial sector. Hence all are poignant towards renewable energy source to produce green energy for meeting out our energy consumption. This can help the society to decrease greenhouse gas emission and ozone layer depletion for future generation. Among this solar photovoltaic technique is gaining popularity due to huge availability, reduced cost, easy installation, and maintenance. Currently, Internet of Things (IoT) is an evolving technology that makes things smarter and user-friendly when connected through the communication protocol and cloud platform.

The important of the solar panel is influenced by basic parameters such as current, voltage, Irradiance, and temperature. Hence real-time solar monitoring system is essential for increasing the performance of the PV panel by comparing with the experimental result to initiate preventive action. In recent years there had been a lot of research attempts made in solar energy. A simple forecasting database is modeled using MySQL to collect the raw data, filter un-relevant values and produce forecast without the assistance of any modern automation tools. In addition, machine intelligence techniques are used for forecasting to obtain robust performance.

A supervising and data acquisition model for Solar PV module is proposed using LABVIEW to determine the performance of different solar PV ratings. This is a powerful tool for exploring the operation of different PV modules with respect to real-time data. Microcontroller based displaying system is proposed to monitor the different factors that affect the performance of PV panel. The measured parameters are evaluated with the standard operating condition to provide necessary action for better performance of PV.

A low-cost solar panel monitoring is developed based on IoT for online visualization and improving the performance. This helps to take preventive maintenance and tracking the fault location. An IoT based cloud monitoring system is proposed and developed using the Raspberry pi for remote PV plant. The basic characteristics of a PV system are analyzed using LABVIEW tool for real-time measurement to study the fault diagnosis in PV plant. A smart monitoring system is developed with a microcontroller and Labview to gain the maximum efficiency with the use of sun trackers [8]. A remote Solar monitoring and control system is proposed for implementation at the plant level and promotes the decisional process for central control station which has the crucial role for processing, storage, warning and displaying.

PV monitoring system is developed based on wired and wireless networks to transmit the parameters to a remote coordinator that offers a web-based application for remote access. A practical graphical user interface is developed using Lab view for online monitoring for solar PV. Arduino controller is used for analyzing the measured parameters and sends the data to the server for making a useful decision which improves the performance of PV panel. A cost- effective smart architecture is proposed to optimize the efficiency of the PV panel by detecting the performance degradation through continuous monitoring system. HEM algorithm based smart controller is implemented for choosing the source priority to maximize the use of Solar PV for home power management.Therefore, the proposed work illustrate the real-time Solar PV monitoring system using cost efficient Smart Controller communicate with the cloud platform provides large storage space and fast data access.

Energy is a necessity like food and water. Everything around us requires energy. Over the years there has been an increase in the earth’s population which is directly proportional to the energy used as well. All the possible gadgets and equipment need some or the other kind of energy to function. With depleting fossil fuel reserves it becomes necessary to identify viable renewable energy resources that can decrease the dependency on fossil fuels.

Solar energy is the most abundant form of energy available to us. It is approximated that 10000 TW worth of solar energy is incident on earth’s surface in a day (Bosshard, 2006).

According to a report, the world energy consumption in 2015 was 17.4 TW altogether (Seger,

2016). There has been a minimal increase in the energy consumption every year, approximately 1-1.5% annual growth. The world’s total energy consumption is expected to grow by 56% by the year 2040 (U.S Energy Information Administration, 2013). Comparing current consumption, projected growth in two decades, and the amount of solar radiation received in an hour we can just imagine the potential solar energy holds. The total energy consumed is not small fraction of what we receive in an hour.

Despite this energy potential available to us the current utilization of solar energy is less than 5% globally. There are countries that are taking initiatives to switch from using fossil fuels to solar applications. These countries form a pool called the G-20 countries which have taken the global leadership to adopt renewable resources of energy. Germany is one of the G20 countries that has switched its energy needs to approximately 38% to solar, and aims to go completely stop its dependency on nuclear and replace it with solar by the year 2050 (Richardson, 2017). Similarly, most of the countries have abundant solar potential and can take a lesson from Germany.

Apart from harvesting the resource and decreasing the dependency on fossil fuel because they are limited, one must understand the consequences of using fossil fuels. Burning of fossil fuels for energy has an adverse effect on the environment. It releases CO₂ into the atmosphere which is responsible for the greenhouse effect. Further, it also causes the ozone layer to be depleted. These mentioned phenomena can cause several events to occur such as; acid rain, air pollution, land pollution because of excavating operations, etc.

……..Continues

1.2 Statement of the problem
Efficient energy management is a strong factor in solar energy generation…….Continues

1.3 Objectives of the study

1.4 Significance of the study

1.4 Research Questions

1.5 Research Hypothesis

1.6 Definition of terms

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