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A MULTIMODAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF 2024 INFLATION RELATED CARTOONS IN SELECTED NIGERIAN NEWSPAPERS
Abstract
This study examines the multimodal discourse strategies employed in inflation-related cartoons published in selected Nigerian newspapers in 2024. The research aims to explore how visual and verbal elements are integrated to communicate complex socio-economic realities, critique government policies, and engage the public on inflation issues. Utilizing a multimodal discourse analysis framework, the study focuses on a purposive sample of cartoons from The Punch, The Guardian, and Vanguard. The analysis reveals that cartoonists deploy humor, satire, symbolism, and intertextuality to highlight the impact of inflation on citizens and the economy. These elements not only serve as a means of public commentary but also foster critical discussions on accountability and governance. The study underscores the role of visual narratives in shaping public opinion and provides insights into the interplay between media, culture, and socio-economic issues in Nigeria. The findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on multimodal communication and its significance in addressing pressing societal concerns.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Cartoons have long been an integral part of media content, serving as a creative and insightful medium for addressing social, political, and economic issues. In the context of Nigeria, where inflation and economic challenges are persistent realities, cartoons published in newspapers often capture public sentiment, critique policies, and communicate societal frustrations. These visual narratives, enriched with humor, satire, and symbolism, provide an accessible platform for public discourse. According to Odebunmi (2019), cartoons are not just entertainment tools; they serve as critical commentary that reflect and shape public opinion.
The year 2024 has been marked by significant inflationary pressures in Nigeria, driven by a combination of factors including currency devaluation, subsidy removal, and global economic downturns. These issues have had a profound impact on the cost of living, leading to widespread public discourse on government policies and their consequences. Cartoons in Nigerian newspapers, such as The Punch, The Guardian, and Vanguard, have provided a unique lens through which these inflation-related issues are examined, blending humor with serious critique. As multimodal texts, these cartoons employ both visual and verbal elements to convey layered meanings, requiring an in-depth discourse analysis to unpack their messages.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Inflation has continued to dominate the socio-economic landscape of Nigeria, affecting various facets of life, including food security, transportation, and housing. While research has focused extensively on the economic dimensions of inflation, limited attention has been paid to its representation in media discourse, particularly in cartoons. Cartoons serve as powerful communicative tools that reflect societal concerns, yet their multimodal nature, combining text and visuals, makes them complex to analyze.
This study addresses the gap by exploring how inflation-related cartoons published in selected Nigerian newspapers in 2024 communicate socio-economic realities. Specifically, it examines how visual and textual elements are employed to critique government policies, highlight public suffering, and provoke critical discussions. Understanding these cartoons’ communicative strategies is crucial for comprehending how media contributes to public awareness and policy debates during economic crises.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The study seeks to achieve the following objectives:
To identify the multimodal elements used in inflation-related cartoons published in selected Nigerian newspapers in 2024.
To analyze how these elements work together to communicate messages about inflation.
To explore the socio-economic issues highlighted in these cartoons.
To assess the role of cartoons in shaping public opinion on inflation and related government policies.
1.4 Research Questions
What multimodal elements are used in inflation-related cartoons in selected Nigerian newspapers?
How do the visual and verbal components of these cartoons communicate messages about inflation?
What socio-economic issues are addressed in these cartoons?
How do these cartoons influence public opinion on inflation and government policies?
1.5 Significance of the Study
This study is significant for several reasons. First, it contributes to the growing field of multimodal discourse analysis by applying it to a topical issue in Nigeria’s socio-economic context. As highlighted by Kress and van Leeuwen (2021), the integration of visual and textual elements in media requires a nuanced analytical approach to uncover the layers of meaning embedded within.
Second, the study provides insights into how media, particularly cartoons, serve as a platform for public engagement and critique of government policies. In doing so, it highlights the role of cartoons as a form of “visual activism” (Balogun, 2020), influencing public discourse and fostering accountability.
Third, the findings of this research will be valuable to policymakers, media practitioners, and scholars interested in understanding how creative forms of communication contribute to socio-political debates in times of economic crisis.
1.6 Scope of the Study
This study focuses on inflation-related cartoons published in 2024 in three major Nigerian newspapers: The Punch, The Guardian, and Vanguard. These newspapers were selected based on their wide readership and reputation for publishing socio-political cartoons. The analysis is limited to cartoons addressing inflation, examining their visual and verbal elements to uncover the underlying messages and socio-economic themes.
1.7 Definition of Key Terms
Cartoons: Artistic and humorous illustrations published in newspapers, often used to comment on socio-political and economic issues.
Inflation: A persistent increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.
Multimodal Discourse Analysis: An analytical framework that examines how different modes of communication, such as visuals and texts, interact to create meaning (Kress & van Leeuwen, 2021).
Public Opinion: The collective attitudes and beliefs of the public on specific issues, shaped by media and other forms of communication.
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