NATIONAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY(NEMA) AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA: AN APPRAISAL

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NATIONAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY(NEMA) AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA: AN APPRAISAL

Abstract:

This research conducts a comprehensive appraisal of the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) and its role in disaster management within the context of Nigeria. The study critically examines the organizational structure, operational strategies, and effectiveness of NEMA in responding to and mitigating the impact of disasters in the country. Through a multi-faceted analysis, including case studies and stakeholder perspectives, the research aims to provide insights into the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with NEMA’s disaster management efforts, contributing to informed recommendations for enhancing the nation’s resilience and emergency response capabilities.

Keywords:

National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), Disaster Management, Emergency Response, Nigeria, Organizational Structure, Operational Strategies, Resilience, Mitigation, Stakeholder Perspectives.

Chapter One:

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Disasters, whether natural or human-induced, pose significant threats to communities and nations, necessitating effective and coordinated responses for mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. In Nigeria, a country prone to various disasters such as floods, droughts, epidemics, and conflicts, the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) plays a crucial role in disaster management. This chapter provides an introduction to the research, offering insights into the historical context of disasters in Nigeria, the establishment of NEMA, and the broader framework of disaster management.

Disasters continue to be of concern in all the countries of the world. Evidence shows that over the last one and half decade (1999-2015), disasters triggered by natural and human induced hazards have claimed more than 600,000 lives and affected more than 2.4 billion people, the majority of them in developing countries like Nigeria (Adeoye et al., 2009).

Nigeria, like other countries in Africa, has had its own share of disasters, from both natural hazards and human induced incidences and all with their debilitating consequences. Indeed, the occurrence of numerous forms of disasters in Nigeria has increased in the last decade, especially in recent times. The range of these disasters includes: frequent oil spills as in the case of Niger Delta, increasing levels of industrial pollution and waste in cities, rise in the number and severity of floods due to climate change, increasing threat of desertification and pest infestation, outbreak of dreaded avian influenza H5N1 (bird flu), droughts and general land use degradation, gully erosion with humanitarian consequences in the south east, plane crashes and rampant cases of fire disasters across the country, oil pipe-line vandalization in diverse communities, increase urban risks like flooding , collapsed buildings, ethno-religious conflicts and threat to oil and gas installations.

National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) is an agency that coordinates Disaster Management activities at the national level and the agency coordinate the necessary synergy amongst all emergency response agencies like the Fire service, Federal Road Safety Corps, Nigerian Security and Civil Defence Corps, Armed Forces and nongovernmental organizations like Red Cross (NEMA, 2007). The duty and responsibilities of NEMA is mainly to coordinate resources towards effective and efficient Disaster Management in Nigeria by reaching out to agencies or persons that can help when disaster strikes as well as help in combating the nefarious consequences of disasters. To millions of Nigerians, NEMA is expected to be well equipped, be adequately funded and staffed with necessary work force to face the increasing challenges of 21^st century posed by disaster all over the world occasioned by the impact of climate change and acts of terrorism. (Adeoye et al, 2009).

The challenges of NEMA in Disaster Management in Nigeria are enormous ranging from lack of trained manpower, finance and lack of necessary synergy amongst the three tiers of government. For instance, according to NEMA (2004), apart from Lagos and Kaduna states, most other states do not have functional fire services. The few states that have fire services, have staff that lack requisite training, machinery and maintenance culture. Most states structures do not have statutory budget allocation and turf protection even though the money is included in the federal allocation given to states every month; such money is diverted to other uses.

Recognizing the multiplicity of the negative effects of poor Disaster Management in Nigeria, this study will assess the roles of NEMA in the Disaster Management in Nigeria as well as evaluate the various challenges and problems encountered by the agency with the view to proffer solutions to the posed problems. Given the above, the following research questions are formulated: What has been the role of NEMA in disaster management in Nigeria? Does NEMA exhibit any capability in managing disasters in Nigeria from 1999 t0 date? What are the constraints militating against the functions of NEMA? To what extent has NEMA fared in managing disasters?

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Nigeria faces a diverse range of hazards that have the potential to cause widespread devastation and disrupt the lives of its citizens. Effectively managing disasters requires a comprehensive understanding of the organizational structures and mechanisms in place. Despite the existence of NEMA as the apex body responsible for disaster management, challenges persist in the coordination, response, and recovery efforts. This study seeks to appraise the role and effectiveness of NEMA in disaster management, identifying areas for improvement and contributing to the overall resilience of the nation.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The primary objectives of this study are:

To appraise the historical context of disasters in Nigeria and their impact on communities.

To assess the establishment, structure, and functions of the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA).

To evaluate the effectiveness of NEMA in disaster mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery.

To identify challenges and gaps in NEMA’s disaster management strategies.

To propose recommendations for enhancing the efficiency of NEMA in disaster management.

1.4 Research Questions

What is the historical context of disasters in Nigeria, and how have they impacted communities?

How was the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) established, and what are its key functions?

How effective has NEMA been in disaster mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery?

What challenges and gaps exist in NEMA’s disaster management strategies?

1.5 Justification of the Study

The justification for this study stems from the critical importance of effective disaster management in Nigeria. Understanding the historical context of disasters, evaluating NEMA’s functions, and assessing its effectiveness are essential for building resilience and ensuring the safety and well-being of citizens. The outcomes of this research will contribute valuable insights for policymakers, emergency responders, and disaster management practitioners.

1.6 Scope of the Study

This study focuses on disaster management in Nigeria, with a specific emphasis on the role of the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA). The research covers the historical context of disasters, the establishment and functions of NEMA, and an evaluation of its effectiveness in disaster mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. The scope includes an analysis of challenges and gaps in NEMA’s strategies

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