NINETEENTH CENTURY HAUSALAND BEING A DESCRIPTION BY IMAM IMORU OF THE LAND, ECONOMY, AND SOCIETY OF HIS PEOPLE

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NINETEENTH CENTURY HAUSALAND BEING A DESCRIPTION BY IMAM IMORU OF THE LAND, ECONOMY, AND SOCIETY OF HIS PEOPLE

ABSTRACT

Nineteenth Century Hausaland Being a Description by Imam Imoru of the Land, Economy, and Society of His People by Douglas Edwin Ferguson Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles 1973 Professor Robert R. Griffeth, Chairman. This dissertation is a translation of Imam Imoru*s Hausa language manuscripts, written between 1900-1910, which describe his West African homeland of Hausaland during the nineteenth century. Imam Imoru was born in the Hausa city of Kano in 1858. He was educated between 1865-1891 to be a member of the Muslim clergy. In 1891 he left Hausaland for the Volta Basin which was over five hundred miles to the west. He settled temporarily at Salaga, and permanently in 1896 at Kete-Krachi which was on the Volta River in the German colony of Togo. He died in Kete-Krachi in 1934. Imam Imoru was the leading Muslim educator and intellectual in this region of West Africa during his lifetime. His home in Kete- Krachi became an important center of learning for the Muslim community, and Imoru’s prose and poetry, written in both Arabic and Hausa, was known in Muslim communities throughout much of West Africa.Chapter 1 is a brief biography of Imam Imoru. Chapters 2 through 8 are the translations of his account. Short introduction have been provided for each chapter to put his material in a broadsocial and historical context. In Chapter 2 he writes about the rural economy of Hausaland. It was primarily an agricultural economy, and he writes about the phases of agricultural activity and the major food crops. He concludes with an account of the associated occupations of animal husbandry, fishing and hunting. Chapter 3 includes an entertaining legendary account of the origin of the Hausa-speaking people, and a description of the land and people of the different regions of Hausaland. Chapter 4 is an account of the dogma, ritual, and institutions of Islam. He concludes with a short description of .non-Islamic practices and beliefs. Chapter 5 is devoted to the social structure of Hausa society. His account ranges from succession to kingship to the capture of slaves. He includes a description of the Maliki system of jurisprudence.The daily life of the Hausa people is the subject of Chapter 6. Imoru writes about the many phases of life which begin with birth and end with death. He also writes about such varied institutions as education and plural marriage, and gives an account of the food and drink of the Hausa people. The highly developed handicraft industry is the topic of Chapter 7. He writes about the cloth, leather, and metal industries, as well as lesser industries. The final chapter covers marketing, a description of the salt industry and kola trade, and an account of the organization of the caravan trade between Kano and Salaga

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