THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON PHARMACY TECHNICIAN ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
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THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON PHARMACY TECHNICIAN ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
ABSTRACT
The impact of technology on pharmacy technician roles and responsibilities has been transformative, reshaping traditional tasks and expanding their scope within healthcare settings. Advances in digital systems, automated dispensing, and pharmacy management software have enhanced technicians’ efficiency and accuracy in preparing and dispensing medications. Technology now enables pharmacy technicians to manage inventories more precisely, process insurance claims electronically, and maintain detailed patient records seamlessly, reducing human error and improving compliance with regulatory standards. Additionally, pharmacy technicians engage more actively in customer service and interdisciplinary communication by utilizing digital communication tools to liaise with healthcare providers and insurance companies. Despite technological integration, their core responsibilities—such as verifying prescriptions, labeling medications, and supporting pharmacists—remain vital but increasingly supported by digital solutions. This evolution demands continuous training to adeptly handle sophisticated systems while ensuring patient safety and operational accuracy in diverse pharmaceutical environments.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Technological advancement has rapidly transformed healthcare delivery, with pharmacy practice experiencing significant shifts driven by automation, digitalization, and artificial intelligence (AI). Pharmacy technicians—key support personnel within pharmacy systems—are particularly affected as their roles and responsibilities continue to evolve alongside technological innovations. Globally, hospitals and community pharmacies now integrate technologies such as automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs), computerized provider order entry (CPOE), electronic prescribing (e-prescribing), telepharmacy, robotic dispensing systems, and clinical decision support systems (CDSS), all of which influence workflow and technician responsibilities (Al Ameri et al., 2023; Alotaibi & Aldosari, 2022).
Technology has shifted pharmacy practice from primarily product-focused tasks to more patient-centered responsibilities. Routine dispensing roles are increasingly automated, allowing pharmacy technicians to engage in advanced functions such as medication reconciliation, inventory optimization, data management, and assisting pharmacists with clinical support tasks (Sørensen et al., 2023). These changes not only expand technician competencies but also demand upskilling, continuous training, and adaptation to new work environments (FIP, 2022).
In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Nigeria, the adoption of digital health innovations is accelerating, although implementation remains uneven. Despite infrastructural challenges, hospitals are progressively deploying electronic health records (EHRs), automated dispensing technologies, and digital inventory systems aimed at improving medication safety and workflow efficiency (Okpala et al., 2024). As these technologies evolve, pharmacy technicians in Nigeria face changing expectations in workflow coordination, digital documentation, data interpretation, and operational support roles.
Understanding how technology affects technician roles is essential, considering that pharmacy technicians constitute a large proportion of the pharmaceutical workforce. Their ability to competently use modern technologies directly influences medication safety, efficiency, and quality of care (Koster et al., 2023). Thus, investigating the impact of technology on pharmacy technician roles provides important insights for workforce development, training standards, and policy formulation.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The rapid integration of digital technologies in pharmacy settings has created both opportunities and challenges for pharmacy technicians. While automation and digital workflows enhance accuracy and reduce medication errors, they also redefine job expectations and require higher technical competencies. Emerging evidence shows that many pharmacy technicians struggle with digital transition due to inadequate training, limited digital literacy, and resistance to workflow changes (Adebayo & Adedeji, 2023).
In Nigeria, the challenges are more pronounced. Although hospitals increasingly adopt digital systems, many technicians report limited exposure to automated dispensing, digital inventory systems, or electronic prescribing platforms (Okpala et al., 2024). This skills gap may result in workflow delays, increased dependency on pharmacists, and reduced efficiency in medication handling. Yet, there is limited empirical research examining how technology reshapes technician responsibilities or the readiness of the Nigerian pharmacy technician workforce to adapt to technological changes.
This study therefore addresses a critical gap by assessing the impact of technology on the roles and responsibilities of pharmacy technicians, particularly focusing on how digital tools, automation, and electronic systems influence their duties, competencies, and job performance.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of technology on pharmacy technician roles and responsibilities.
Specific objectives are to:
Identify the types of technologies currently used by pharmacy technicians.
Examine how technological innovations influence routine and advanced technician responsibilities.
Assess pharmacy technicians’ competency and readiness to adopt new technologies.
Evaluate challenges associated with technology adoption among pharmacy technicians.
Explore strategies for improving technician adaptation and performance in technology-driven pharmacy environments.
1.4 Research Questions
What types of technologies are currently utilized in pharmacy practice by technicians?
How has technology influenced the roles and responsibilities of pharmacy technicians?
What is the level of competency and readiness among pharmacy technicians in using new technologies?
What challenges do pharmacy technicians face in adapting to technological innovations?
What strategies can enhance pharmacy technician performance in technology-enabled environments?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
The study will test the following hypotheses:
H01: Technology adoption has no significant impact on pharmacy technician roles and responsibilities.
H02: There is no significant relationship between technological competency and pharmacy technicians’ job performance.
H03: Technology-related challenges do not significantly affect technicians’ workflow efficiency.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study is significant for several reasons:
For pharmacy technicians, it provides insight into emerging competencies required for efficiency in technology-driven pharmacy systems.
For pharmacists and healthcare administrators, it contributes evidence useful for designing training programs, workflow restructuring, and staff development.
For policymakers and regulatory bodies, such as PCN (Pharmacists Council of Nigeria), findings can inform policies on digital health adoption and the modernization of pharmacy technician curricula.
For academics, it expands the literature on digital transformation in pharmaceutical practice, particularly from the perspective of support personnel in LMICs.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study focuses on examining technological influences on the roles and responsibilities of pharmacy technicians within selected hospital and community pharmacy settings in Nigeria. It examines automation, digital documentation, electronic prescribing, inventory systems, and telepharmacy as the core technological components. The study does not include pharmacists or other healthcare personnel except where their roles intersect with pharmacy technicians.
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms
Technology: Digital tools, automated systems, and electronic platforms used to support pharmacy operations.
Pharmacy Technician: A trained support professional who assists pharmacists in medication preparation, dispensing, and administrative functions.
Digital Pharmacy Systems: Electronic systems used for dispensing, documentation, inventory control, and data management in pharmacy.
Automation: Use of machinery or software, such as automated dispensing cabinets or robots, to perform tasks traditionally done manually.
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