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STATE OR PEOPLE’S SECURITY: PARADIGM SHIFT FOR THE CONTAINMENT OF SECURITY THREATS IN NIGERIA.
Abstract
Contemporary Nigerian state is confronted with dual crises of security and development problematic. The contention of this paper is that at the root of the deteriorating security threats in Nigeria is a misplaced strategic thinking drawn from the Westphalian system. The paper attempt to achieve the following objectives: To provide the philosophical basis for the conceptualization of security; to ascertain why the Nigerian security apparatus seem to be overwhelmed by the myriads of internal security threats; to identify whose security (state or people); to establish what count as internal security threats; and how can security be achieved. The multidimensional nature of Nigeria’s internal security threats requires a theory that can, to a large extent address most of the issues of concern. It is within this context that this paper adopts Barry Busan Multi-Track Security Model (MTSM) for collective security management. The methodology of this paper is essentially descriptive in nature which relies on data generated from a range of both primary and secondary sources and subsequently examined and analysed descriptively. The paper found out that the deteriorating security threats in Nigeria is as a result of a misplaced strategic thinking drawn from the Westphalian system which forms the basis for the conceptualization and strategic architecture adopted by the Nigerian state. The paper also reveals that the security threats in Nigeria today are not just natural or physical/human but from a myriad of dimensions including spiritual. The paper therefore recommends among others that Security policy should have political accommodation with focus on emancipation of individual as a primary and persistence aim.
Key Terms: Security, State, Threats, Containment and Spiritual.